# Service difficulty reports: N502NK, cancelled Apr 21, 2023 A list on [N502NK, cancelled Apr 21, 2023](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N502NK-2023-04-21.md). Matched to this aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model. Newest first. Page 1 of 2 · 94 reports - [SDR GTIA2022082236598](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2022082236598.md): Megaphone · inoperative · Aug 19, 2022 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Escape Slide > AFT MEGAPHONE INOP-R/R AFT MEGAPHONE IAW AMM 25-65-51. OPS CHECK GOOD - [SDR GTIA2022070136500](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2022070136500.md): None · none · Jun 28, 2022 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Conditioning System > AIR PACK 1 REGUL FAULT ( PACKS A319 WITH MOD 31283/MP P7125 (FWC H2-F1 STND) AND WITH MOD. 30626/MP K6443 (ENHANCED ECS) - AT OR BELOW FL 370)-- - [SDR GTIA2022010436202](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2022010436202.md): Unknown · odor · Jan 1, 2022 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Distribution System > FO AND AFT FA SMELLED DIRTY SOCKS AT 4000', APU NOT RUNNING-PERFORMED TSM 05-50-00-991-01200-A, USING AEROTRACER FOUND NO FUME ISSUES PER ABOVE REFERENCE - [SDR GTIA2021122036180](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2021122036180.md): None · none · Dec 20, 2021 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > R2 DOOR ASSIST REQUIRED SERVICING.-R2 DOOR ASSIST SERVICED IAW AMM 52-10-00 - [SDR GTIA2021110136090](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2021110136090.md): None · none · Nov 1, 2021 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Standard Practices/Structures > R2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE REQUIRE SERVICE.-SERVICED R2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE IAW AMM 12-14-00 - [SDR GTIA2020041335161](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2020041335161.md): Bottle · low pressure · Apr 12, 2020 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > PASSENGER / CREW R2 DOOR REQUIRE SERVICING -SERVICED PASSENGER / CREW DOORS ASSIST BOTTLE AT R2 IAW AMM 52-10-00-210-004 - [SDR GTIA2020040935154](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2020040935154.md): Unknown · odor · Apr 7, 2020 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Distribution System > FA "A" REPORTS DIRTY SOCK SMIELL. IN THE CABIN. COMPLETED PROCEDURE FOR ELIMINATED OF ODOR CABIN COM 3.226.1 PACK 2 ISOLATED SMELL WENT AWAY COMPLETELY. ( PACKS A319 WITH MOD 31283/MP P7125 (FWC H2-F1 STND) AND WITH MOD. 30626/MP K6443 (ENHANCED ECS) - AT OR B - [SDR GTIA2020030535067](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2020030535067.md): Unknown · odor · Mar 5, 2020 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Distribution System > CABIN FUME EVENT DESCENDING BELOW 10KFT. FLT ATTENDANT A REPORTED A DIRTY SOCK SMELL IN THE FWD AND AFT CABIN AS WE DESCENDED ON THE ARRIVAL INTO RSW. ( PACKS A319 WITH MOD 31283/MP P7125 (FWC H2-F1 STND) AND WITH MOD. 30626/MP K6443 (ENHANCED ECS) - AT OR BEL - [SDR GTIA2020022435042](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2020022435042.md): Bottle · low pressure · Feb 23, 2020 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Emergency Equipment > R2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE LOW PER WEEKLY CHECK -SERVICED R2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE IAW AMM 52-10-00 - [SDR GTIA2020011634945](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2020011634945.md): Megaphone · inoperative · Jan 14, 2020 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Emergency Equipment > MEGAPHONE INOP. R+R FWD MEGAPHONE IAW EQUIPMENT EMERGENCY DRAWINGS. - [SDR GTIA2019092034635](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2019092034635.md): Unknown · fumes · Sep 20, 2019 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Distribution System > FUME EVENT REPORTED IN COCKPIT ON APPROACH TO LANDING. PERFORMED OPS CHECK OF A/C SYSTEM OF AIR CONDITIONING PACKS IAW AMM 12-33-21 NO ODORS NOTED AT THIS TIME. - [SDR GTIA2019092034634](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2019092034634.md): A/C Pack · contaminated · Sep 20, 2019 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Cabin Cooling System > "DIRTY SOCK" SMELL DESCENDING THROUGH 7,000 FT. SHUT OFF PACK 1. SMELL WENT AWAY. ( PACKS WITH MOD 31283/MP P7125 (FWC H2-F1 STND) AND WITH MOD 30626/MP K6443 (ENHANCED ECS) - AT OR BELOW FL 370) PERFORMED DECONTAMINATION OF PACK 1 IAW AMM 21-00-00-615-002. NO - [SDR GTIA2019090934610](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2019090934610.md): Unknown · odor · Sep 9, 2019 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Distribution System > DURING DESCENT FLIGHT ATTENDANTS COULD SMELL A SWEET SMELL LIKE TRANSMISSION FLUID. TROUBLESHOOTING ACCOMPLISHED IAW TSM 05-50-00-810-831-A. PERFORMED WALKAROUND NO FLUID LEAKS NOTED. PERFORM PACK BURNOUT (1 & 2 INDIVIDUALLY) NO SMELLS NOTED. CAUSE OF COS IS M - [SDR GTIA201908017514](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA201908017514.md): Megaphone · inoperative · Jul 30, 2019 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Emergency Equipment > AFT EMERGENCY MEGAPHONE INOPERATIVE. REPLACED THE MEGAPHONE IAW CMM 25-60-01. - [SDR GTIA2019041523280](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2019041523280.md): Bottle · low pressure · Apr 12, 2019 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Emergency Equipment > R2 DOOR ASSIST ACCUMULATOR LOW. SERVICED R2 DOOR ASSIST ACCUMULATOR TO PROPER PRESURE IAW AMM 52-10-00. - [SDR GTIA2018121183006](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2018121183006.md): Window Frame · cracked · Dec 8, 2018 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Fuselage Main, Structure > CRACK FOUND ON LH WINDSHIELD LOWER FRAME, FRAME LH4 LH WINDSHIELD LOWER SECTION, MAX DAMAGE LENGTH X1=6MM X WIDTH 6MM X X3=2MM, CAT B. RAF01 227692802 OPENED. REF LTPR NRI 1002575575-0010.-REVIEWED LTPR ROUTINE CARD 1002575575-0010 (EO 5311-1870)AND HAS BEEN A - [SDR GTIA2018111292957](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2018111292957.md): Engine · failed · Nov 9, 2018 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Engine (Turbine/Turboprop) > ON APPROACH ENG 2 FAIL. DID NOT RESTART. DID NOT RESTART DURING THE AUTOMATIC RESTART. ENGINE WAS SHUT DOWN-BORESCOPED HP COMPRESSOR AND HPT IAW AMM 72-00-00. NO DEFECTS FOUND. PERFORMED FUNCTIONAL TEST OF THE HPC STAGE 7 BLEED VALVE AND SOLENIODS IAW AMM 75-3 - [SDR GTIA2018101502884](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2018101502884.md): Megaphone · malfunctioned · Oct 11, 2018 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Emergency Equipment > FA REPORTED AFT MEGAPHONE ALARM WENT OFF. -R/R AFT GALLEY MEGAPHONE IAW 25-65-51. - [SDR GTIA2018040302557](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2018040302557.md): Bottle · low pressure · Apr 3, 2018 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Service Doors > R2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE LOW. SERVICED THE ASSIST BOTTLE IAW AMM 52-10-00. NO LEAKS NOTED. - [SDR GTIA2018020202390](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2018020202390.md): Servo · malfunctioned · Feb 2, 2018 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Landing Gear Steering System > NLG STEERING FAULT. REMOVED AND REPLACED NOSE WHEEL STEERING SERVO CONTROL IAW AMM 32-51-51-401. OPS & LEAK CHECKED GOOD. NO FURTHER DEFECTS IAW AMM 32-51-51-720-051-A. - [SDR GTIA2018010502331](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2018010502331.md): Unknown · odor · Jan 5, 2018 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Distribution System > DURING APPROACH, ODOR IN THE CABIN. TROUBLESHOT IAW TSM 05-50-00-810-831-A, PERFORMED GVI OF THE NR 1 & 2 ENGINES. NO LEAKS NOTED. PERFORMED GVI OF APU. NO LEAKS NOTED. NO FUMES NOTED. ACFT OK FOR SERVICE. - [SDR GTIA2017012701764](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2017012701764.md): Rib · nicked · Jan 26, 2017 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Wing, Rib/Bulkhead > FOUND A NICK ON RIB 23 LT WING. REPAIR CORRECTED AS PER EO 5721-1702. BLEND OUT REPAIR COMPLETED. - [SDR GTIA2017012601763](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2017012601763.md): Skin · gouged · Jan 26, 2017 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > GOUGE FOUND ON L2 DOOR SKIN PANEL. REPAIRED IAW EO 5213-1701. - [SDR GTIA2017012601762](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2017012601762.md): Stringer · corroded · Jan 26, 2017 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Fuselage Main, Longeron/Stringer > FOUND CORROSION ON STRINGER 32L FRAMES 60-61. DEFECT CORRECTED IAW SRM TASK 53-00-13-3000-001 AND EO5341-1702. - [SDR GTIA2016123101724](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016123101724.md): Bottle · low pressure · Dec 31, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > L1 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE REQUIRES SERVICE. SERVICED L1 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE IAW AMM 25-10-00. - [SDR GTIA2016122301713](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016122301713.md): Unknown · odor · Dec 23, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Air Distribution System > DIRTY SOCK ODOR THROUGH THE ENTIRE AIRCRAFT. OCCURED ON SEVEN MILE DESCENT. ACCOMPLISHED FAULT ISOLATION PROCEDURE IAW TSM 05-50-00-A10-831-A AND ENVIREMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM PROCEDURE IAW AMM 21-00-00-615-001 NO ODORS NOTED/ FAULTS.A/C OK TO CONTINUE SERVICE - [SDR GTIA2016112801675](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016112801675.md): Apu · odor · Nov 28, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · APU Core Engine > FUME EVENT NOTED INITIALLY AT TOP OF DESCENT FOR 1-2 MIN THEN C LEVEL OFF 6000 WITH ADVANCEMENT OF POWER COMPLETED ELIMINATION OF ODOR FUME IN COCKPIT CABIN CHECKLIST COULD NOT DETERMINE WHICH ENG. PAC SMELL WAS COMING FROM MAYBE BOTH FUMES IN COCKPIT AND CABI - [SDR GTIA2016111601667](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016111601667.md): Apu · contaminated · Nov 16, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Airborne Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) System > FUME EVENT, NOTED INITIALLY ON GROUND. PERFORMED TSM 05-50-00-810-831-A, FOUND CAUSED TO BE APU BLEED SYSTEM. IAW TSM 49-00-00-810-921-A; PERFORMED EXTERIOR INPECTION OF APU COMPARTMENT. FOUND OIL LEVEL SLIGHTLY BELOW FULL, OIL CAP SECURED & SCUPPER WAS CLEA - [SDR GTIA2016111301661](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016111301661.md): Bottle · low pressure · Nov 13, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > L1 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE REQUIRES SERVICE. SERVICED L1 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE WITH NITROGEN AS REQUIRED IAW AMM 52-10-00-614-001-A. - [SDR GTIA2016102801645](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016102801645.md): Damper · low pressure · Oct 28, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > L-1 DOOR LOW PRESSURE DOOR ASSIST ACCUMULATOR. SERVICED L-1 DOOR ASSIST ACCUMULATOR TO PROPER PRESSURE IAW AMM 52-10-00. - [SDR GTIA2016090301581](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016090301581.md): Bottle · low pressure · Sep 3, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > L1 DOOR ASSIST LOW PRESSURE, SERVICED DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE IAW AMM 52-10-00. SERVICED DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE IAW AMM 52-10-00. - [SDR GTIA2016042301530](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2016042301530.md): Seal · dirty · Apr 23, 2016 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Service Doors > SHORTLY AFTER TOP OF CLIMB, F/A REPORTED VIBRATION AND THE SOUND OF AIR AT THE L/E OF DOOR R1. VERIFIED BY BOTH PILOTS SOUND LASTED FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE FLIGHT. PERFORMED TSM 52-11-00-810-826-A INSPECTION OF THE DOOR SEAL, NO DAMAGE NOTED. ACCOMPLISHED S - [SDR GTIA2015091301632](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2015091301632.md): Door Seal · dirty · Sep 13, 2015 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger/Crew Doors > FLIGHT ATTENDANTS REPORT LOUD SQUEAL AROUND DOOR R2 DURING DESCENT. STARTED JUST BEFORE SEAT BELT SIGN TURNED ON, APPROX 18,000 FT. INSPECTED & CLEANED R2 DOOR SEAL, NO DEFECTS OR FAULTS NOTED. PERFORMED LEAK TEST IAW AMM 05-55-00-780-003A, NO LEAKS NOTED. - [SDR GTIA2015061301572](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2015061301572.md): Button · cracked · Jun 13, 2015 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Crew Oxygen System > F/O O2 MASK TEST PUSH BUTTON CRACKED. R & R F/O FULL FACE/QUICK DONNING MASK STOWAGE BOX IAW AMM 35-12-41 PB 401. OPS AND LEAK CHECKED GOOD. - [SDR GTIA2014100701435](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014100701435.md): Window · scratched · Oct 7, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Door Windows > L2 DOOR WINDOW SCRATCHED. R & R L2 DOOR WINDOW IAW AMM 56-31-13. - [SDR GTIA2014080601397](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014080601397.md): Megaphone · inoperative · Aug 6, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Emergency Equipment > AFT MEGAPHONE GREEN LIGHT NOT ILLUMINATED. REPLACED AFT MEGAPHONE IAW AMM 25-65-920-001-A. OPS CK GOOD IAW AMM 25-65-51-710-002-A. - [SDR GTIA2014080101393](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014080101393.md): Hose · detached · Aug 1, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Crew Oxygen System > CAPTAIN`S OXYGEN MASK HOSE CAME OFF MASK. R & R CAPTAIN`S OXYGEN MASK IAW MM 35-12-41-000-002 AND 35-12-41-400-002. OPS CHECKED OK IAW 35-12-41-710-001. - [SDR GTIA2014041801269](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014041801269.md): Oxygen Mask · unwanted deploy · Apr 18, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger Oxygen System > OXYGEN MASKS IN AFT GALLEY DROPPED. PERFORMED OXYGEN MASK DROP TEST IAW AMM 35-23-00 NO DEFECTS NOTED. - [SDR GTIA2014041401257](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014041401257.md): Oxygen Mask · unwanted deploy · Apr 14, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Passenger Oxygen System > OXYGEN MASKS IN AFT GALLEY DROPPED. CLOSED AND SECURED AFT GALLEY OXYGEN COMPARTMENT. PERFORMED OPS CHECK OF MANUAL MASK RELEASE IAW AMM TASK 35-23-00-710-001-A. DROP TEST OK. - [SDR GTIA2014032701235](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014032701235.md): Skin · corroded · Mar 27, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Wing, Plate/Skin > CORROSION DETECTED FROM PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION ON LT WING SKIN PANEL NR 2 OVERHANG BETWEEN RIBS 17 AND 18. REF NRI 7337N00136 ER SRM 51-74-00. REMOVED CORROSION TOP SKIN AND RE-MEASURED WITHIN ALLOWABLE SRM 57-21-1 LIMITS. TREATED, PREPPED, PRIMED AND PAINT - [SDR GTIA2014032701234](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014032701234.md): Skin · corroded · Mar 27, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Wing, Plate/Skin > CORROSION DETECTED FROM PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION ON LT WING SKIN PANEL NR 2 OVERHANG AT RIB 17. REF NRI 7337N00135 IAW SRM 51-74-00. REMOVED CORROSION TOP SKIN AND RE-MEASURED WITHIN ALLOWABLE SRM 57-21-1 LIMITS. TREATED, PREPPED, PRIMED AND PAINTED IAW SRM. - [SDR GTIA2014032701233](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014032701233.md): Skin · corroded · Mar 27, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Wing, Plate/Skin > CORROSION DETECTED FROM PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION ON LT WING SKIN PANEL NR 2 OVERHANG BETWEEN RIBS 15 AND 16. REMOVED CORROSIONIAW SRM 57-21-1. TREATED, PREPPED AND TOP COATED IAW SRM. - [SDR GTIA2014032701232](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014032701232.md): Skin · corroded · Mar 27, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Wing, Plate/Skin > CORROSION DETECTED FROM PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION ON LT WING SKIN PANEL NR 2 OVERHANG BETWEEN RIBS 14 AND 15. REF NRI 7337N00132 IAW SRM 51-74-00. REMOVED CORROSION TOP SKIN AND RE-MEASURED WITHIN ALLOWABLE SRM 57-21-1 LIMITS. TREATED, PREPPED AND TOP COATED - [SDR GTIA2014032701231](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014032701231.md): Skin · corroded · Mar 27, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Wing, Plate/Skin > CORROSION DETECTED FROM PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION ON LT WING SKIN PANEL NR 2 OVERHANG BETWEEN RIBS 10 AND 11. REF NRI 7337N00131 IAW SRM 51-74-00. REMOVED CORROSION TOP SKIN AND RE-MEASURED WITHIN ALLOWABLE SRM 57-21-1 LIMITS. TREATED, PREPPED AND TOP COATED - [SDR GTIA2014032701230](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA2014032701230.md): Skin · corroded · Mar 27, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Wing, Plate/Skin > CORROSION DETECTED FROM PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION ON LT WING SKIN PANEL NR 2 OVERHANG BETWEEN RIBS 16 AND 17. - [SDR GTIA201403021194](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA201403021194.md): Bottle · low pressure · Mar 2, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Service Doors > R2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE PRESS LOW. SERVICED R2 (842) DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE WITH NITROGEN IAW AMM. - [SDR GTIA201403021193](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA201403021193.md): Bottle · low pressure · Mar 2, 2014 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Service Doors > L2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE PRESSURE LOW. SERVICED L2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE WITH NITROGEN IAW AMM. - [SDR GTIA201312301095](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA201312301095.md): Switch · dirty · Dec 30, 2013 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Door Warning System > LEFT OVERWING EMERGENCY EXIT INDICATED UNLOCKED ON FINAL AT 1100 FT. APPLIED TSM 52-21-00-810-806-A, RESET SYSTEM CLIMB'S FOUND AREA OF PROXIMITY SWITCH 21WV1 DUST & DEBRIS, CLEANED, CLEARANCE CHECKS OK, FUNCTIONAL TEST OK, ALL INDICATIONS NORMAL ON ECAM/FAP - [SDR GTIA20130826940](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA20130826940.md): Bracket · broken · Aug 26, 2013 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Crew Oxygen System > PRIMARY OBSERVER OXYGEN MASK INOPERATIVE DUE TO BROKEN BRACKET. - [SDR GTIA20130523630](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GTIA20130523630.md): Bottle · low pressure · May 23, 2013 · N502NK · Airbus A319132 · Service Doors > R2 DOOR ASSIST BOTTLE HAS LOW PRESSURE (1400 PSI). SERVICED ASSIST BOTTLE AT R2 DOOR IAW ACFT MM. Next page: https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N502NK-2023-04-21/reports.md?page=2 ## The whole list in SQL Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS: ```sql SELECT sdr_id, difficulty_date, n_number, aircraft_make, aircraft_model, part_name, part_condition, jasc_code, discrepancy FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/faa_service_difficulty_report.parquet' WHERE n_number = 'N502NK' AND deregistration_id = 'N502NK-2023-04-21' ORDER BY difficulty_date DESC ``` This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N502NK-2023-04-21/reports --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.