# Continental C85-12FJ - Type: Engine model (FAA registry) - Registry code: 17128 - Manufacturer (registry): CONT MOTOR - Model: C85-12FJ - Engine type: Reciprocating - Power: 85 hp - Data sheet: [TCDS E-233](https://openairdocs.org/tcds/E-233) (OpenAirDocs) - Holder: Continental Aerospace Technologies, Inc. - Installed in: 0 registered aircraft - Page: https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-c85-12fj Model codes come from the FAA registry's reference file. ## ADs that may apply (OpenAirDocs) Matched to this engine model by model name and maker. Each AD's applicability may narrow it by serial number, part number or equipment. - [AD 98-17-11](https://openairdocs.org/ad/98-17-11): Crankshafts · Continental Motors A-65-3, A-65-8, A75-8 and 90 more. Effective Oct 19, 1998 - [AD 98-01-06](https://openairdocs.org/ad/98-01-06): Carburetors · Continental Motors A-65-1, A-65-12, A-65-12F and 184 more. Effective Feb 13, 1998 - [AD 94-05-05 R1](https://openairdocs.org/ad/94-05-05-R1): Cylinder Rocker · Continental Motors C-125-1, C-125-2, C145-2 and 59 more. Effective Feb 13, 1996 - [AD 95-21-15](https://openairdocs.org/ad/95-21-15): Aviation Gasoline · Continental Motors A-65-8, C85-12F, C85-12FJ and 77 more. Effective Nov 28, 1995 - [AD 93-22-05](https://openairdocs.org/ad/93-22-05): Carburetor Air Intake Housing Assemblies · Continental Motors C90-12F, C90-12FH, C90-12FJ and 22 more. Effective Dec 14, 1993 - [AD 93-19-04](https://openairdocs.org/ad/93-19-04): Carburetors · Continental Motors A-65-1, A-65-12, A-65-12F and 184 more. Effective Oct 18, 1993 - [AD 81-16-05](https://openairdocs.org/ad/81-16-05): Magnetos · Lycoming Engines AEIO-320-E1B, AEIO-320-E2B, AEIO-360-B1G6 and 234 more. Effective Aug 6, 1981 - [AD 81-07-06](https://openairdocs.org/ad/81-07-06): AC Fuel Pumps · Continental Motors A-65-1, A-65-12, A-65-12F and 60 more. Effective Apr 1, 1981 - [AD 69-24-03](https://openairdocs.org/ad/69-24-03): Carburetors · Continental Motors A-65-1, A-65-12, A-65-12F and 321 more. Effective Nov 29, 1969 - [AD 69-09-01](https://openairdocs.org/ad/69-09-01): Eisemann Magnetos · Eisemann Magnetos, 2A4-45-B2, 2A4-49-B2 and 158 more - [AD 49-50-01](https://openairdocs.org/ad/49-50-01): Generator Drive Coupling Rubber Disc · Continental Motors C-125-1, C-125-2, C145-2 and 27 more - [AD 47-40-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/47-40-02): Piston Pins · Continental Motors C-125-1, C-125-2, C75-12F and 4 more ## Information bulletins (advisory) (4) - [SAIB NE-18-27](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NE-18-27): POWERPLANT Rocker Shaft Boss Inspection. Issued Sep 10, 2018 - [SAIB NE-16-13](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NE-16-13): Powerplant - Prohibited use of sealant. Issued Mar 8, 2016 - [SAIB NE-13-04](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NE-13-04): Continental Motors, Inc. (CMI) Connecting Rod Piston Pin Bushing Inspection. Issued Oct 31, 2012 - [SAIB CE-98-21R1](https://openairdocs.org/saib/CE-98-21R1): . Issued Jun 10, 1998 ## Registered aircraft None registered with this engine model now. ## NTSB investigations None matched to aircraft with this engine model. ## FAA accident and incident reports None matched to aircraft with this engine model. ## STCs that may be installed (OpenAirDocs) (38) Approved for this engine model: the STC's model list names it on its data sheet, or a series that includes it. In force first, then newest. The registry doesn't record which STCs an aircraft has. - [STC SE04651CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE04651CH): To allow use of l00R grade aviation fuel meeting Swift Fuel, LLC specification SPEC-l00R-22. Swift Fuels LLC - [STC SE208SO](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE208SO): Installation of ice indicator in the carburetor. LegacySTC.com. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE00145WI](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE00145WI): Installation of B&C Specialty Products Model BC 320-( ) Engine Starter. B & C Specialty Products Inc - [STC SE03232CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE03232CH): Installation of Engine Preheat Kit p/n TA2925-1 for 115 volt application. Hartzell Propeller Inc - [STC SE04577CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE04577CH): Install an electronic engine ignition system. Electroair Acquisition Corp - [STC SE01966WI](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE01966WI): Use of GAMI G100UL High Octane Unleaded Avgas in spark ignition piston aircraft engines. General Aviation Modifications Inc - [STC SE00533SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE00533SE): Installation of Real Gasket Corporation Continental Engine Pushrod Tube Modification. Real Gaskets Tennessee - [STC SE7559SW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE7559SW): Install adapter to permit use of a spin-on oil filter. Stratus Tool Technologies LLC - [STC SE10129SC](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE10129SC): Installation of rotocoil, valve springs, ni-resist valve guide, exhaust valve with chrome flash on stem, and rocker shaft with thrust buttons. Continental Motors, Inc - [STC SE34WE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE34WE): Installation of Electro-Coatings, Inc., piston rings on Continental pistons. Continental Motors, Inc - [STC SE4247SW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE4247SW): Regrind crankshaft to .020 undersize on crankpin and main journals. Continental Motors, Inc. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE8113SW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE8113SW): Installation of any or all parts identified by Airmotive drawing/parts application list AEC9109-2. Continental Motors, Inc. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE7562SW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE7562SW): Install adapter to permit use of a spin-on oil filter. Stratus Tool Technologies LLC - [STC SE3330NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE3330NM): Continental valve cover gasket. Real Gaskets Tennessee - [STC SE09002SC](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE09002SC): Regrind Teledyne Continental crankshafts, to .020-inch undersize on crankpin and main journals. Aircraft Specialties Services Inc. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE01943CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE01943CH): Add the following approved fuels: unleaded automotive gasoline 87 minimum antiknock index, per ASTM Specification D-439 or D-4814 of any volatility class, A through E, or 82UL AVGAS per ASTM D-6227. Experimental Aircraft Association Inc - [STC SE634GL](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE634GL): Superseded by STC SE01943CH. Add the following approved fuel: unleaded automotive gasoline, 87 minimum antiknock index. EAA Aviation Foundation. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE154CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE154CH): Engine oil pump repair/rework specifications and procedures. Harmony Machine Prod Inc - [STC ST00435AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00435AT): Overhaul/repair of the Delco starter adapter drive (P/N 1971890) used with Delco starters P/N's 11096656 and 1109660. Aerotech. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE02172AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE02172AT): Replace engine crankcase with model O-200 crankcase. Swords Don. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE09513SC](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE09513SC): Installation and usage of Exxon 20W50 Multigrade aircraft engine oil conforming to Exxon Oil Formulation WS-3013. Exxon Company USA. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE02004AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE02004AT): Installation of Teledyne Continental Motors (TCM) model O-200 crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons (Superior Air Parts pistons are also approved). Swords Donald H. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE00979AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE00979AT): Installation of a Teledyne Continental model O-200 crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons. Aircraft Specialties Services Inc. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE1-201](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE1-201): Installation of the Richter Aero Equipment Type B-4 or B-5 Temperature Probe. (O-360 SERIES (excl. A1C, C2B, C2D)). MidContinent Instru Co Inc. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE00164SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE00164SE): Installation of Avglas components to modify carburetor air housing assemblies. McFarlane Aviation, Inc. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE01592AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE01592AT): Modify the crankcase of the listed engines. Swords Don. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE00350SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE00350SE): Installation of sump mounted chip detector. Aviation Development Corporation - [STC SE00262NY](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE00262NY): Installation of Canadian Aero Manufacturing Pull Start Clutch, P/N 1971890-N or 1971890-M. Canadian Aero Manufacturing. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE154CE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE154CE): Engine oil pump repair/rework specifications and procedures. Allison James R. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE898NE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE898NE): Installation of 60 amp. alternator, Cessna P/N C611501-0204, -0203, -0202, -0201 or Ford P/N DOFF-10300-F in lieu of existing generator. Barnstormers Aviation - [STC SE5113NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE5113NM): Install oil filter. Lessard Daryle. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE5879SW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE5879SW): Use of Phillips X/C II 20W-50 and25W-60 oil (OSS 55875) in all Avco reciprocating aircraft engines from 65 to 450 BHP. Phillips Petroleum Co. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE2030CE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE2030CE): Add approved fuel: unleaded automotive gasoline, 87 minimum anitknock index and leaded automotive gasoline, 88 minimum antiknock index(RON+MON)/2. Petersen Aviation Inc - [STC SE80NE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE80NE): Installation and usage of Bel-Ray synthetic aviation oil, Bel-Ray Aero 1, (nonsupercharged), horizontally opposed direct drive, aircraft engines of 350 hp. or less. Bel-Ray Company, Inc. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE1445SO](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE1445SO): Use of Aero-blend oil additive in Teledyne (non turbocharged) aircraft engines. ProTec. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE984SW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE984SW): Delco 55A ampere alternator. (C85 SERIES Suffix F Series). Waldrop Lee A. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE3CE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE3CE): R-30-A alternator. Repke Kenneth J. Lists C85 Series - [STC SE44WE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SE44WE): Use of Kling Aviation Oil, Specifications KL-100, KL-200 and KL-300 in Continental and Lycoming engines. Kling Oil Company. Lists C85 Series ## PMA parts (OpenAirDocs) (324, first 50) Current parts manufacturer approvals (PMA): parts the FAA has approved companies to make as replacements or modifications. Each record lists its models as free text; OpenAirDocs matched them to this engine model on its data sheet, so check the FAA record before relying on it. Newest first. - [72-231114-2](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID112810731520260722204348.0001): TAG-Engine. Swift Fuels, LLC · PMA PQ04423CE · Modification part · Jul 17, 2026 - [AB-160844](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID151702454020251216184413.0001): Spring & Brush Assembly. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces 10-160844 · Nov 10, 2025 - [S384480](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID179589096620250729170932.0001): Specification Plate. Marvel Schebler Aircraft Carburetors LLC · PMA PQ4020CE · Replaces Stromberg 384480 · Jul 9, 2025 - [StrombergS16630](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID131000641620250729170932.0001): Screw, Drive, Specification Plate. Marvel Schebler Aircraft Carburetors LLC · PMA PQ4020CE · Replaces StrombergP16630 · Jul 9, 2025 - [S16156](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID116018865920250729170932.0001): Float Assembly. Marvel Schebler Aircraft Carburetors LLC · PMA PQ4020CE · Jul 9, 2025 - [ES917](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID192492107120251216184202.0001): Impulse Coupling Spring. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M917 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3019](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID190822192120251216184207.0001): Nut. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3019 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3217](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID190801817120251216184156.0001): Wave Spring Washer. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M-3217 · May 20, 2024 - [AM3611](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID190443277420251216184158.0001): Cam. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3611, M1522 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3015](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID190038963420251216184149.0001): Screw, Housing. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3015 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3215](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID186810273420251216184147.0001): Brush Assy, Distributor. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3215 · May 20, 2024 - [AK-3975](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID182506865320251216184200.0001): Coil, Ignition. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3009, M3114, M3525, K3975, K3975 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3020](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID175941851820251216184145.0001): Screw. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3020 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3084](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID171307156420251216184211.0001): Air Vent With Hood. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3084 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-2556](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID163056043620251216184154.0001): Cotter Pin. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M2556 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3007](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID160791635420251216184216.0001): Impulse Coupling Assy.. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3007 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3018](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID159518890720251216184203.0001): Clamp, Bearing Cap. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3018 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3822](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID157982007520251216184219.0001): Dist. Block & Gear Assy.. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces K3822 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3021](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID155587978420251216184143.0001): Screw Distributor Block. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3021 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3485](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID151658177120251216184155.0001): Bearing Cap, Assembly. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3485 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3827](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID151603844120251216184221.0001): Rotor Gear. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces K3827 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3006](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID146130218820251216184150.0001): Bearing. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3006 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3073](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID143464094720251216184223.0001): Machining, Rotating Magnet. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3073 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3221](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID141393701020251216184227.0001): Screw. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3221 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3172](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID139528495120251216184209.0001): Washer. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3172 · May 20, 2024 - [AM2536](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID136517725820251216184151.0001): Woodruff Key. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M2536 · May 20, 2024 - [A-13081K](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID133214336820251216184146.0001): Contact Assembly. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3081 · May 20, 2024 - [AM-3062](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID128762119920251216184153.0001): Oil Seal. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3062 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3040](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID128685841620251216184204.0001): Coil Wedge. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3040 · May 20, 2024 - [AK-3984](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID123559578320251216184159.0001): Capacitor. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3183, K3984 · May 20, 2024 - [ES3826](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID114076128220251216184206.0001): Spacer. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3826 · May 20, 2024 - [ES1077](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID110334972620251216184212.0001): Air Vent. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M1077 · May 20, 2024 - [ES1553](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID144237446020240301172642.0001): Screw, Harness Cap. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M1553 · Dec 1, 2023 - [ES3328](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID130133017720240301172626.0001): Clamp Kit. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces M3328, K3328 · Dec 1, 2023 - [ES4301](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID106869665320240301172621.0001): Magneto. Hartzell Engine Technologies LLC · PMA PQ1383CE · Replaces 4301 · Dec 1, 2023 - [TA2925-2](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID180765534320231109132302.0001): Engine Preheat Kit. Hartzell Propeller LLC · PMA PQ2040CE · Modification part · Oct 30, 2023 - [TA2925-1](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID139163620620231109132301.0001): Engine Preheat Kit. Hartzell Propeller LLC · PMA PQ2040CE · Modification part · Oct 30, 2023 - [ES1553](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID147287171120230330124416.0001): Screw, Harness Cap. Kelly Aerospace Energy Systems LLC · PMA PQ4176CE · Replaces M1553 · Oct 27, 2022 - [MC402151P003](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID951787255920210723144531.0001): Stud. McFarlane Aviation Inc · PMA PQ3732CE · Replaces 402151, 402151P003 · Jun 10, 2021 - [MC402151P007](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID490265488220210723144532.0001): Stud. McFarlane Aviation Inc · PMA PQ3732CE · Replaces 402151, 402151P007 · Jun 10, 2021 - [MC402151P012](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID488932406320210723144532.0001): Stud. McFarlane Aviation Inc · PMA PQ3732CE · Replaces 402151, 402151P012 · Jun 10, 2021 - [ES4301](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID600808123820210713131230.0001): Magneto. Kelly Aerospace Energy Systems LLC · PMA PQ4176CE · Replaces 4301 · May 21, 2021 - [ES3328](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/DRSDOCID109559281220210713131244.0001): Clamp Kit. Kelly Aerospace Energy Systems LLC · PMA PQ4176CE · Replaces M3328, K3328 · May 21, 2021 - [SA402044 P003](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/A84AA0CE0D2AF8108625863700730428.0001): Stud. Superior Air Parts Inc · PMA PQ0060SW · Replaces 402044P003 · Dec 6, 2020 - [SA402044 P012](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/64BA5444CABCFA8786258637007304D6.0001): Stud. Superior Air Parts Inc · PMA PQ0060SW · Replaces 402044P012 · Dec 6, 2020 - [SA402044 P007](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/2D307D400E46BD3A8625863700730462.0001): Stud. Superior Air Parts Inc · PMA PQ0060SW · Replaces 402044P007 · Dec 6, 2020 - [ES3073](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/F72D1F95800E721D862585BB00366680.0001): Rotor. Kelly Aerospace Energy Systems LLC · PMA PQ4176CE · Replaces Champion Aerospace / Unison / Slick… · Aug 2, 2020 - [SA2106 P030](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/9E242947A8C12EC68625859F003952B5.0001): Insert-Exhaust Valve Seat. Superior Air Parts Inc · PMA PQ0060SW · Replaces 3923P030 · Jul 6, 2020 - [SA2106 P002](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/8471512CA8ADBBB08625859F003951E5.0001): Insert-Exhaust Valve Seat. Superior Air Parts Inc · PMA PQ0060SW · Replaces 3923P002 · Jul 6, 2020 - [SA2106 P020](https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/7A49123BD7E2D48B8625859F00395278.0001): Insert-Exhaust Valve Seat. Superior Air Parts Inc · PMA PQ0060SW · Replaces 3923P020 · Jul 6, 2020 All of them: https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-c85-12fj/pma.md --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.