# Accident 19971012039949A: Amtr LONGEZ, Monterey, CA, October 12, 1997 - Type: FAA accident report (Accident/Incident Data System), as reported - Date: October 12, 1997, 17:28 local time - Place: Monterey, CA - Airport: Monterey Peninsula - Damage: Destroyed - Phase of flight: Fcd/Prec Ldg From Cruise - Operating rules: General operating rules (Part 91) - Location: 36.6095° N, 121.9193° W: From the FAA, an estimate near the named town, within about 3 miles - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=36.6095&lon=-121.9193&mi=10 - Aircraft: N555JD (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: AMTR LONGEZ - Reported engine: LYC O320E3D - People aboard: 1 - Fatal injuries: 1 - Pilot flight hours: 2,750 total, 2 in this make and model - NTSB investigation: [NTSB LAX98FA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98FA008) (OpenAirDocs) - FAA source: FAA Aviation Safety Information Portal (https://asip.faa.gov/) - Page: https://openairdocs.org/incident/19971012039949A ## Narrative As the FAA filed it, in capitals; the FAA replaces private details with ^PRIVACY DATA OMITTED^. CRASHED INTO OCEAN OFFSHORE. HAD WRONG N NR 555JB ON DISPLAY. AIRCRAFT NOT REGISTERED. (.19) ON OCTOBER 12, 1997, AT 1728 HOURS PACIFIC DAYLIGHT TIME, AN EXPERIMENTAL LONG EZ, N555JD, WAS DESTROYED NEAR PACIFIC GROVE, CALIFORNIA. THE PILOT RECEIVED FATAL INJURIES. VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS PREVAILED FOR THE LOCAL PERSONAL FLIGHT, AND NO FLIGHT PLAN WAS FILED. A REVIEW OF THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TAPES REVEALED THAT THE AIRCRAFT DEPARTED MONTEREY PENINSULA AIRPORT AT 1712 AND PERFORMED THREE TOUCH-AND-GO LANDINGS PRIOR TO DEPARTING THE TRAFFIC PATTERN. DURING THE DEPARTURE, THE CONTROLLER ASKED THE PILOT TO RECYCLE HIS TRANSPONDER CODE AND THE PILOT RESPONDED. THERE WERE NO RECORDED DISTRESS CALLS FROM THE PILOT NOR DID HE INDICATE ANY AIRCRAFT OR ENGINE MALFUNCTION. WITNESSES OBSERVED THE AIRPLANE CRASH INTO THE OCEAN ABOUT 150 YARDS OFF SHORE IN ABOUT 30-FEET-DEEP WATER.(-16)THE AIRCRAFT DID NOT DISPLAY IT'S LAWFUL REGISTRATION MARK (N228VS), THE DISPLAYED NUMBER WAS N555JD. THE AIRCRAFT FLOWN WITH AN INVAILD AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE, IN SUCH, THE REGISTRATION NUMBER OF THE AIRCRAFT (555JD) DID NOT MATCH THE AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE ON THE AIRCRAFT (N228VS). TH E AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION CERTIFICATE (N228VS) WAS NOT EFFECTIVE DUE TO THE SALE OF THE AIRCRAFT AND NO APPLICATION BY THE NEW OWNER HAD BEEN MADE. (.4)THE PILOT HAD RECENTLY PURCHASED THE EXPERIMENTAL, AMATEUR-BUILT LONG-EZ AIRPLANE, WHICH HAD A FUEL SYSTEM THAT DIFFERED FROM THE DESIGNER'S PLANS. THE ORIGINAL BUILDER HAD MODIFIED THE FUEL SYSTEM BY RELOCATING THE FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE FROM A POSITION BETWEEN THE FRONT PILOT'S LEGS TO A POSITION BEHIND & ABOVE HIS (OR HER) LEFT SHOULDER. THERE WERE NO MARKINGS FOR THE OPERATING POSITIONS OF THE FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE, WHICH WERE UP (FOR OFF), DOWN (FOR THE RIGHT TANK), AND TO THE RIGHT (FOR THE LEFT TANK). THIS DEVIATION FROM THE ORIGINAL DESIGN PLANS DID NOT REQUIRE FAA APPROVAL, NOR DID IT REQUIRE A PLACARD TO INDICATE SUCH CHANGE FROM THE ORIGINAL DESIGN. ON 10/11/97 AT SANTA MARIA, CA, THE PILOT RECEIVED A 1/2-HOUR FLIGHT AND GROUND CHECKOUT IN THE AIRPLANE BY ANOTHER LONG-EZ PILOT. THE CHECKOUT PILOT REPORTED THAT THE PILOT NEEDED A SEATBACK CUSHION TO BE IN POSITION TO REACH THE RUDDER PEDALS, AND THAT HE HAD DIFFICULTY REACHING THE FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE WHILE SEATED WITH THE CUSHION ADDED. THE PILOT THEN DEPARTED ON A 1-HOUR FLIGHT TO HIS HOME BASE AT MONTEREY WITH AN ESTIMATED 12.5 GALLONS OF FUEL IN THE RIGHT TANK AND 6.5 GALLONS IN THE LEFT TANK. THE CHECKOUT PILOT ESTIMATED ABOUT 9 GALLONS OF FUEL WERE NEEDED FOR THE FLIGHT, AND HE NOTED THE FUEL SELECTOR WAS POSITIONED TO THE RIGHT TANK BEFORE DEPARTURE. ON 12/12/97 (THE NEXT DAY), A MAINTENANCE TECHICIAN ASSISTED THE PILOT IN PREPARING FOR ANOTHER FLIGHT. DURING PREFLIGHT, THE PILOT WAS NOT OBSERVED TO VISUALLY CHECK THE FUEL. THE TECHNICIAN NOTED THAT WHEN THE PILOT WAS SEATED IN THE AIRPALNE, HA HAD DIFFICULTY REACHING THE FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE. ALSO, HE GAVE THE PILOT A MIRROW TO LOOK OVER HIS SHOULDER TO SEE THE UNMARKED, NON;LINEAR, FUEL SELECTOR GAUGES, WHICH WERE LOCATED IN THE REAR COCKPIT. THE TECHNICIAN ESTIMATED THE AVAILABLE FUEL AND ADVISED THE PILOT THAT THE LEFT TANK INDICATED LESS THAN 1/4 FULL AND THAT THE RIGHT TANK INDICATED LEDD THAN 1/2 FULL. HE SAID HIS ESTIMATEWAS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE GAUGES WERE ACCURATE AND LINEAR. THE PILOT DECLINED AN OFFER FOR ADDITIONAL FUEL, SAYING HE WOULD ONLY BE AIRBORNE ABOUT 1 HOUR AND DID NOT NEED FUEL. THE TECHNICIAN OBSERVED THAT BEFORE THE ENGINE WAS STARTED, THE FUEL SEL ECTOR HANDLE WAS IN A VERTICAL POSITION; HOWEVER, HE DID NOT NOTE WHETHER IT WAS UP (OFF) OR DOWN (RIGHT TANK). AS THE TECHNICIAN WNET TO THE HANGER, HE HEARD THE ENGINE START & RUN FOR A SHORT TIME, THEN QUIT. HE SAW THE PILOT TURN IN THE SEAT TOWARD THE FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE, THEN THE PILOT MOTIONED WITH HIS HAND THAT THINGS WERE ALL RIGHT. THE TECHNICIAN DID NOT OBSERVE WHETHER THE PILOT HAD REPOSITIONED THE FUEL SELECTOR. THE PILOT RESTARTED THE ENGINE, TAXIED, TOOK OFF, AND PERFORMED THREE TOUCH-AND-GO LANDINGS IN A SPAN OF 26 MINUTES, FOLLOWED BY A STRAIGHT-OUT DEPARTURE TO THE WEST. GROUND WITNESSES SAW THE AIRPLANE, IN STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT ABOUT 350 TO 500 FEET OVER A RESIDENTIAL AREA, THEN THEY HEARD A REDUCTION OF ENGINE NOISE. THE AIRPLANE WAS SEEN TO PITCH SLIGHTLY NOSE UP; THEN IT BANKED SHARPLY TO THE RIGHT & DESCENDED NOSE FIRST INTO THE OCEAN. THE MAJOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE AIRFRAME WERE FOUND FRAGMENTED ON THE OCEAN FLOOR NEAR THE ENGINE, BUT NO PREIMPATCH PART FAILURE WAS FOUND. THE FUEL SELECTOR VALVE WAS FOUND IN AN INTERMEDIATE POSITION, ABOUT 1/3 OPEN BETWEEN THE ENGINE FEED LINE AND THE RIGHT TANK, AND ABOUT 2-4% OPEN TO THE LEFT TANK. TE STS USING ANOTHER ENGINE SHOWED THAT THE ENGINE COULD BE OPERATED AT FULL POWER WITH THE SELECTOR IN THE AS-FOUND POSITION; HOWEVER, WHEN THE CAP WAS REMOVED FROM THE LEFT PORT (SIMULATING THE EFFECT OF AN EMPTY LEFT TANK), FUEL PRESSURE DROPPED TO LESS THAN 1/2; & WITHIN A FEW SECONDS, THE ENGINE LOST POWER. CONDITIONS WERE SIMULATED USING ANOTHER LONG-EZ TO EVALUATE THE MANEUVER REQUIRED TO SWITCH TANKS FROM THE FRONT SEAT. THE SIMULATION REVEALED THAT 4 ACTION WERE REQUIRED TO CHANGE THE FUEL SELECOTR IN FLIGHT: 1)REMOVE PILOT'S HAND FROM THE CONTROL STICK; 2)LOOSEN SHOULDER HARNESS; 3)ROTATE UPPER BODY TO THE EXTREME LEFT TO REACH THE FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE; & 4)ROTATE THE HANDLE TO A NON-MARKED (NOT LOGICALLY ORIENTED) POSITION. DURING THE EVALUATION, INVESTIGATORS NOTED A NATURAL REACTION FOR THE PILOT'S RIGHT FOOT TO DEPRESS THE RIGHT RUDDER PEDAL WHEN TURNING IN THE SEAT TO TEACH THE FUEL SELECTOR HANDLE. WITH THE RIGHT RUDDER DEPRESSED IN FLIGHT, THE AIRPALNE WOULD PITCH UP SLIGHTLY & BANK TO THE RIGHT. ## The NTSB's investigation of this event (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB LAX98FA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98FA008), Oct 13, 1997: Adrian Davis LONG-EZ (N555JD), Pacific Grove, CA, destroyed, 1 fatal. Probable cause: the pilot's diversion of attention from the operation of the airplane and his inadvertent application of right rudder that resulted in the loss of airplane control while attempting to manipulate the… From the FAA Accident/Incident Data System. Reports are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. For accidents, the NTSB's own investigation is the fuller record. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.