# Boeing 727-243

- Type: Aircraft model (FAA registry)
- Registry code: 138408D
- Manufacturer (registry): BOEING
- Model: 727-243
- Aircraft type: Fixed wing multi engine
- Category: Airplane
- Engines: 3 · Turbo-jet
- Seats: 189
- Weight class: 20,000 lb and over
- Certification: Type certificated
- Data sheet: [TCDS A3WE](https://openairdocs.org/tcds/A3WE) (OpenAirDocs)
- Holder: The Boeing Company
- Registered aircraft: 1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-243

Model codes come from the FAA registry's reference file. ADs are matched to them by model name and maker.

## ADs that may apply (OpenAirDocs)

Matched to this model by model name and maker. Each AD's applicability may narrow it by serial number, part number or equipment.

- [AD 2026-13-15](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2026-13-15): Navigation · Boeing 707-100 Long Body, 707-200, 707-100B Long Body and 74 more. Effective Jul 1, 2026
- [AD 2026-13-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2026-13-02): Navigation · Airbus Canada Limited Partnership 18, 49-46, 80-A and 555 more. Effective Jul 1, 2026
- [AD 2023-12-15](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2023-12-15): Navigation · Boeing 707-100 Long Body, 707-200, 707-100B Long Body and 74 more. Effective Jun 21, 2023
- [AD 2023-10-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2023-10-02): Indicating/Recording System, Navigation · Boeing 18, 23, 35 and 1,060 more. Effective May 26, 2023
- [AD 2022-25-01](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2022-25-01): Wings · Boeing 707-100 Long Body, 707-200, 707-100B Long Body and 11 more. Effective Feb 16, 2023
- [AD 2021-03-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2021-03-09): Wings · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Mar 31, 2021
- [AD 2020-06-19](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2020-06-19): Navigation · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Jun 22, 2020
- [AD 2019-23-04](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2019-23-04): Fuel · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Feb 4, 2020
- [AD 2019-24-18](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2019-24-18): Navigation · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 11 more. Effective Feb 3, 2020
- [AD 2018-25-15](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2018-25-15): Wings · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Jan 22, 2019
- [AD 2018-23-12](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2018-23-12): Equipment/furnishings · Airbus A300 B2-1A, A300 B2-1C, A300 B2-203 and 180 more. Effective Dec 28, 2018
- [AD 2018-20-05](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2018-20-05): Fuselage · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 2 more. Effective Nov 2, 2018
- [AD 2018-17-20](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2018-17-20): Fuel · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Oct 4, 2018
- [AD 2017-19-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2017-19-02): Doors · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Oct 19, 2017
- [AD 2014-21-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2014-21-09): Wings · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Dec 3, 2014
- [AD 2014-16-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2014-16-09): Oxygen · Boeing 707-100 Long Body, 707-100B Long Body, 707-100B Short Body and 16 more. Effective Sep 23, 2014
- [AD 2014-17-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2014-17-02): Communications · Airbus A300 B2-1A, A300 B2-1C, A300 B2-203 and 137 more. Effective Sep 9, 2014
- [AD 2014-04-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2014-04-09): Wings · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective May 2, 2014
- [AD 2014-05-14](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2014-05-14): Fuselage · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective May 1, 2014
- [AD 2014-03-21](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2014-03-21): Fuselage · Boeing 727-200 Series and 727-200F Series. Effective Mar 31, 2014
- [AD 2013-24-15](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-24-15): Fuel · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Jan 8, 2014
- [AD 2013-22-03](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-22-03): Fuel · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Dec 5, 2013
- [AD 2013-21-07](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-21-07): Stabilizers · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Dec 5, 2013
- [AD 2013-19-08](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-19-08): JASC Code 3418, Stall Warning System · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 18 more. Effective Nov 6, 2013
- [AD 2013-16-17](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-16-17): Wings · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Sep 27, 2013
- [AD 2013-15-15](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-15-15): Fuselage · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Sep 20, 2013
- [AD 2013-15-11](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-15-11): Stabilizers · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Sep 20, 2013
- [AD 2013-14-03](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-14-03): Stabilizers · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Aug 26, 2013
- [AD 2013-14-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-14-02): Wings · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Aug 26, 2013
- [AD 2011-21-08](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2011-21-08): Equipment/Furnishings · ATR - GIE Avions de Transport Régional ATR42-200, ATR42-300, ATR42-320 and 202 more. Effective Nov 23, 2011
- [AD 2011-12-01](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2011-12-01): Equipment/Furnishings · Airbus A300 B2-1A, A300 B2-1C, A300 B2-203 and 268 more. Effective Aug 1, 2011
- [AD 2011-12-05](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2011-12-05): Fuel · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Jul 15, 2011
- [AD 2011-02-05](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2011-02-05): Fuselage. · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Mar 1, 2011
- [AD 2011-01-05](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2011-01-05): Fuselage · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Feb 14, 2011
- [AD 2011-01-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2011-01-09): Oxygen · Airbus A300 B2-1A, A300 B2-1C, A300 B2-203 and 290 more. Effective Feb 9, 2011
- [AD 2009-21-10 R1](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2009-21-10-R1): Oxygen · Airbus A300 B4-605R, A300 B4-620, A300 B4-622 and 138 more. Effective Feb 4, 2010
- [AD 2008-04-10 R1](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-04-10-R1): Fuel tank · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Dec 30, 2009
- [AD 2009-20-08](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2009-20-08): Fuel system · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Nov 5, 2009
- [AD 2009-20-03](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2009-20-03): Kickboard beam · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Nov 3, 2009
- [AD 2009-20-01](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2009-20-01): Auxiliary fuel tanks · Boeing 727-200 Series with STC SA3449NM. Effective Oct 26, 2009
- [AD 2009-06-10](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2009-06-10): Lower skin and the upper fastener row of the upper skin · Boeing 727-100 Series and 727-200 Series. Effective Apr 28, 2009
- [AD 2009-05-03](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2009-05-03): Ground fault interrupter (GFI) · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Apr 3, 2009
- [AD 2008-22-12](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-22-12): Elevator side fitting/hinge fitting joint · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Dec 17, 2008
- [AD 2008-23-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-23-09): Insulation blanket · Boeing 727-200 Series, 727-200F Series, 737-200 Series and 18 more. Effective Dec 15, 2008
- [AD 2008-22-01](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-22-01): Auxiliary fuel tanks · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-200 Series, 727 Series and 17 more. Effective Nov 26, 2008
- [AD 2008-17-14](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-17-14): Elevator rear spar · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Oct 2, 2008
- [AD 2006-16-18 R1](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2006-16-18-R1): Installing a warning placard on the TAWS/RMI · Airbus A300 B2-1A, A300 B2-1C, A300 B2-203 and 100 more. Effective Jul 18, 2008
- [AD 2008-12-03](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-12-03): Auxiliary fuel tanks · Airbus BAC 1-11 400 Series, 707-100 Long Body, 707-100B Long Body and 15 more. Effective Jul 9, 2008
- [AD 2008-11-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-11-09): Flight deck windows · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Jul 3, 2008
- [AD 2008-08-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-08-02): Main landing gear (MLG) · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective May 19, 2008

Historical (superseded or no longer in force):

- [AD 2022-09-18](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2022-09-18) (historical): Navigation · Boeing 707-100 Long Body, 707-100B Long Body, 707-100B Short Body and 72 more. Effective May 23, 2022
- [AD 2013-18-09](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2013-18-09) (historical): Communications · Airbus A300 B2-1A, A300 B2-1C, A300 B2-203 and 137 more. Effective Oct 3, 2013
- [AD 2009-21-10](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2009-21-10) (historical): Oxygen · Airbus A300, Model B4-605R, A300, Model B4-620, A300, Model B4-622 and 138 more. Effective Dec 17, 2009
- [AD 2008-04-10](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2008-04-10) (historical): Fuel tank systems · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Mar 28, 2008
- [AD 2007-11-08](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2007-11-08) (historical): Boost pump dry bay inspection · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Jun 6, 2007
- [AD 2005-14-07](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2005-14-07) (historical): Carriage attach fittings on the foreflaps · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-100C Series, 727-200 Series and 3 more. Effective Aug 15, 2005
- [AD 2001-24-02](https://openairdocs.org/ad/2001-24-02) (historical): Shoulder Restraint Harness Attachment · Boeing 707-100 Long Body, 707-100B Long Body, 707-300 Series (all) and 20 more. Effective Jan 4, 2002
- [AD 74-08-09 R2](https://openairdocs.org/ad/74-08-09-R2) (historical): Waste Receptacles · Aero Spacelines 377, 377MG, 377SGT and 268 more. Effective Jul 29, 1996
- [AD 95-19-08](https://openairdocs.org/ad/95-19-08) (historical): Nose Cowl · Pratt and Whitney JT8D-217A, -217C, and -219 engines, related… (Rohr STC SA4363NM). Effective Oct 20, 1995
- [AD 95-04-01](https://openairdocs.org/ad/95-04-01) (historical): AFM - Limitations - Windshear · Boeing 727-100 Series, 727-200 Series, 737-100 Series and 54 more. Effective Mar 8, 1995
- [AD 86-17-05 R1](https://openairdocs.org/ad/86-17-05-R1) (historical): Frame - Cargo Door Cutout · Boeing 727-200 Series. Effective Sep 3, 1987

All 279: https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-243/ads.md

## Information bulletins (advisory) (7)

- [SAIB NE-19-03](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NE-19-03): Escape Slide Maintenance Tasks and Intervals - JASC 2565. Issued Feb 19, 2019
- [SAIB NM-15-03](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NM-15-03): Flight Controls. Issued Nov 24, 2014
- [SAIB NM-15-02](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NM-15-02): Cabin Equipment/Furnishings. Issued Nov 6, 2014
- [SAIB NM-10-13](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NM-10-13): Navigation: Flight Management System. Issued Jan 7, 2010
- [SAIB NM-09-03](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NM-09-03): Engine Fuel and Control - Implementing Fuel Tank System Airworthiness Limitations. Issued Dec 11, 2008
- [SAIB NM-06-57](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NM-06-57): Reports of damage to airplanes and to property on the ground caused by blue or clear ice falling from airplanes.. Issued Jul 27, 2006
- [SAIB NM-06-56](https://openairdocs.org/saib/NM-06-56): . Issued Jul 19, 2006

## Registered aircraft (1)

- [N615PA](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N615PA): [2d Aviation Corp](https://openairdocs.org/faa-owner/2D%20AVIATION%20CORP), [Frisco, TX](https://openairdocs.org/faa-place/TX/Frisco), built 1976, S/N 21266

## NTSB investigations (2)

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

- [NTSB FTW92LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA001), Oct 5, 1991: Boeing 727-243 (N17402), Little Rock, AR, no damage. Probable cause: THE PILOT'S FAILURE TO SPECIFICALLY WARN THE FLIGHT ATTENDANTS OF THE HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS WARNINGS. A FACTOR WAS THE TURBULENCE.
- [NTSB FTW88IA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW88IA037), Dec 3, 1987: Boeing 727-243 (N571PE), Houston, TX, incident, minor damage. Probable cause: IMPROPER DRILLING OF THE CROSS HOLE IN THE SLAT TRACK BEARING BOLT, WHICH LED TO ITS FAILURE FROM FATIGUE CRACKING.

## FAA accident and incident reports (10)

From the FAA Accident/Incident Data System. Reports are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

- [Incident 20071216830399I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20071216830399I), Dec 16, 2007: Boeing 727243 (N615PA), Newark, NJ, Minor damage. (-23) Aircraft N615PA, a B727 was parked on the cargo ramp outside building #340. During strong gusting winds a cargo container was blown into the fuselage…
- [Incident 20000316022939I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20000316022939I), Mar 16, 2000: Boeing 727243 (N579PE), Fort Wayne, IN. (-23)Kha 1844, B-727 (cargo flight), departed fwa for orf. During climb out flight crew shut down number 2 engine due to fire warning on #2 engine. Aircraft…
- [Incident 19991005029179I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19991005029179I), Oct 5, 1999: Boeing 727230 (N17407), San Antonio, TX, Substantial damage. (-23) On October 5, 1999, a Continental airlines B727, aircraft, flight number 623, declared and emergency landing at San Antonio International Airport with a…
- [Incident 19951118041849I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19951118041849I), Nov 18, 1995: Boeing 727230 (N17407), Ft Lauderdale, FL, Substantial damage. Narrative: shortly after t.o. from ft. Lauderdale international airport (fll) Continental airlines flight 382 aircraft N17407 experienced #3 engine fire…
- [Incident 19930208005219I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19930208005219I), Feb 8, 1993: Boeing 727243 (N578PE), Newark, NJ, Minor damage. On rollout a bar cart from aft galley area came out of galley storage area. Hit cockpit door. Flight engineer hurt.
- [Incident 19911223059379I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19911223059379I), Dec 23, 1991: Boeing 727243 (N14416), Syracuse, NY. Pilot blew the NR2 main tire on landing rollout.
- [Accident 19911005045669A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19911005045669A), Oct 5, 1991: Boeing 727243 (N17402), Little Rock, AR. Severe turbulence near thunderstorms at FL350. Seat sign on. Flight attendant injured. Pilot failed advise.
- [Incident 19880504032299I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19880504032299I), May 4, 1988: Boeing 727230 (N571PE), Ft Lauderdale, FL, Minor damage. NR2 engine fire warning light on. Fire bottle used. Returned. Replaced high pressure bleed duct and fuel heat valve
- [Incident 19871203083409I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19871203083409I), Dec 3, 1987: Boeing 727243 (N571PE), Houston, TX, Minor damage. Warned of loose metal on right wing on landing. Le slat had come loose.
- [Incident 19840926061969I](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19840926061969I), Sep 26, 1984: Boeing 727243 (N574PE), West Palm Beach, FL, Minor damage. Dropped wingtip during landing in gusty winds causing skin and #8 slat outboard damage.

## Service difficulty reports (534, newest 50)

As reported by operators and repair stations, by the model named in the report.

- [SDR CA141224004](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA141224004), Dec 22, 2014: PCU. FAILED. (CAN) SHORTLY AFTER TAKEOFF, THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM A LOW PRESSURE LIGHTS ILLUMINATED. THE FLIGHT CREW DETERMINED THAT A LEAK HAD DEPLETED THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM A 
- [SDR CA141027012](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA141027012), Aug 20, 2014: WHEEL HALF. CRACKED. (CAN) INNER WHEEL HALF FOUND TO BE CRACKED AT KEY BOSS DURING O/H.
- [SDR CA140425004](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA140425004), Apr 22, 2014: SWITCH. FAILED. (CAN) MISSED APPROACH CARRIED OUT DUE NR 5 SLAT INDICATION FAILED TO INDICATE EXTENDED. CHECKLIST CARRIED OUT AND RETURNED FOR LANDING. SWITCH REPLACED AND ACFT
- [SDR CA131204007](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA131204007), Nov 30, 2013: DUCT. CRACKED. (CAN) ON ARRIVAL, MAINTENANCE DISCOVERED THE UPPER COWLING BLOWOUT PANEL MISSING ON THE NR 1 ENGINE. FURTHER INVESTIGATION FOUND THE 6TH STAGE DUCT RUPTURED. TH
- [SDR CA131120011](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA131120011), Nov 19, 2013: TUBE. CRACKED. (CAN) DURING POST FLIGHT INSPECTION THE BLOW OUT PANEL WAS FOUND MISSING FROM THE UPPER COWL ON THE NR 3 ENGINE. FURTHER INSPECTION FOUND THE RT INLET ANTI-ICE 
- [SDR CA130803011](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA130803011), Jul 31, 2013: MANIFOLD. CRACKED. (CAN) GROUND CREWS NOTICED HYDRAULIC FLUID COMING FROM THE MAIN CARGO DOOR. MAINTENANCE DISCOVERED A CHECK VALVE HAD SHEARED IN TWO AND SUBSEQUENTLY REPLACED TH
- [SDR CA130726018](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA130726018), Jul 19, 2013: MODULE. BYPASSING. (CAN) ON TAXI OUT, CREW EXPERIENCED AN EXCESSIVE DROP IN HYDRAULIC PRESSURE WHILE OPERATING THE FLAPS. THE ACFT RETURNED TO THE RAMP WHERE MAINTENANCE DISCOVERE
- [SDR CA121122007](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA121122007), Nov 20, 2012: MOUNT. BROKEN. (CAN) UPON SELECTING FLAPS DOWN ON APPROACH, CREW NOTICED A HYDRAULIC SYS LOW PRESSURE LIGHT AND CORRESPONDING LOSS OF QTY. CREW DECLARED AN EMERGENCY AND LANDE
- [SDR CA120511009](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA120511009), May 8, 2012: STRUT. CRACKED. (CAN) DURING CLIMBOUT, CREW DISCOVERED THE RT MLG WOULD NOT RETRACT. CREW SELECTED GEAR DOWN AND LANDED UNEVENTFULLY. MAINTENANCE DISCOVERED THE RT MAIN UPPER S
- [SDR CA120125020](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA120125020), Jan 25, 2012: WHEEL. FAILED. (CAN) UPON TOUCHDOWN AND WITH FULL REVERSE APPLIED ,THE AIRCRAFT STARTED TO VEER OFF THE RUNWAY CENTERLINE ,NORMAL CORRECTIVE PROCEDURES WERE APPLIED TO MAINTAI
- [SDR CA120116013](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA120116013), Jan 12, 2012: WINDOW. FAILED. (CAN) WHILE INBOUND, THE FLIGHT CREW RADIOED AHEAD TO INFORM MAINTENANCE THAT THE L5 WINDOW WAS CRACKED. UPON INSPECTION IT WAS FOUND THAT THE L5 WINDOW INNER P
- [SDR CA110902007](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA110902007), Aug 26, 2011: FLAP SYSTEM. LACK OF LUBE. (CAN) ON APPROACH, CREW DISCOVERED THE OTBD FLAPS WOULD NOT EXTEND TO LANDING POSITION AND ELECTED TO GO AROUND. CREW USED ALTERNATE (ELECTRIC) SYS TO EXTEND TH
- [SDR CA110209017](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA110209017), Feb 8, 2011: MODULE. FAILED. DURING APPROACH, WITH THE GEAR DOWN, THE NOSE GEAR INDICATION GREEN LIGHT DID NOT ILLUMINATE. MAINT REPLACED THE LANDING GEAR INDICATION MODULE AND CHECKED IT S
- [SDR CA110209012](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA110209012), Feb 8, 2011: MODULE. FAILED. NOSE GEAR DOWN LOCK GREEN LIGHT WOULD NOT ILLUMINATE, REPLACED LANDING GEAR MODULE.
- [SDR CA100728005](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA100728005), Jul 16, 2010: SWITCH. FAILED. DURING CLIMB OUT FROM, THE LT AFT BODY O/H LIGHT ILLUMINATED. CHECKLIST- AFT BODY OVERHEAT CARRIED OUT. NR 1 BLEED AND LT PACK TURNED OFF, LIGHT EXTINGUISHED. L
- [SDR CA100705001](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA100705001), Jun 30, 2010: TURBINE. DAMAGED. ACFT DEPARTED, ON CLIMB AT APROX 11,000FT CREW HAD A VIBRATION ON NR 1 ENG. FLT CREW CARRIED OUT SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES AND RETURNED. THE ENGINE WAS FOUND TO HAVE 
- [SDR CA100223006](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA100223006), Feb 19, 2010: PRESSURE SWITCH. FAULTY. (CAN) CREW EXPERIENCED A LOW OIL PRESS/FILTER BYPASS LIGHT ILLUMINATE FOR THE NR 3 ENG. THE NR 3 ENGINE WAS SHUTDOWN IAW THE CHECKLIST. A FAULTY FILTER BYPASS S
- [SDR CA090520004](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA090520004), May 19, 2009: CONTROLLER. ARCED. (CAN) ON CLIMB OUT, CREW NOTICED ARCING FROM THE R2 WINDOW. ACFT DIVERTED TO A MX BASE WHERE THE WINDOW AND TEMP CONTROLLER WERE REPLACED AND THE ACFT RETURNED 
- [SDR CA080728003](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA080728003), Jul 25, 2008: PCU. FAILED. (CAN) ENROUTE, CREW NOTICED HYD SYS (A) QUANTITY DECREASING RAPIDLY. SYS (A) HYDR WERE SHUTOFF AND EMERGENCY DECLARED. UPON ARRIVAL AT DESTINATION, A/C REQUIRED
- [SDR CA080716008](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA080716008), Jul 14, 2008: POSITION SWITCH. MALFUNCTIONED. (CAN) ON APPROACH AN IN-TRANSIT INDICATION WAS ILLUMINATED ON THE NR 6 L/E SLAT. THE CREW ELECTED TO RETURN TO VANCOUVER WHERE THEY LANDED WITHOUT INCIDENT. INS
- [SDR CA070727004](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA070727004), Jul 25, 2007: FITTING. DAMAGED. (CAN) TOP OF DESCENT, THE NR 1 LOW OIL PRESSURE LIGHT ILLUMINATED, QTY AT ZERO. PRECAUTIONARY ENGINE SHUTDOWN CARRIED OUT. GEARBOX FITTING (OIL PRESSURE DIFFERE
- [SDR GAIA0706OP](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA0706OP), May 26, 2007: WIRE. BROKEN. ON TAKEOFF THE LANDING GEAR LEVER WOULD NOT GO PAST THE OFF POSITION FOR GEAR UP. THE CREW LEFT THE GEAR HANDLE IN THE DODWN POSITION AND RETURNED TO DEPARTURE.
- [SDR CA070404006](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA070404006), Mar 29, 2007: SWITCH. MALFUNCTIONED. (CAN) ON FLAP RETRACTION THE CREW NOTICED THE NR 3 KRUGER FLAP INDICATED (IN TRANSIT). CREW RETURNED TO BASE. NR 3 KRUGER FLAP RETRACT SWITCH WAS REPLACED AND A
- [SDR CA080211016](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA080211016), Feb 24, 2007: DOWNLOCK SWITCH. FAILED. (CAN) DURING APPROACH INTO AIRPORT, THE LANDING GEAR WAS EXTENDED AT WHICH TIME THE NOSE GEAR UNSAFE LIGHT REMAINED ILLUMINATED AND THE DOWN AND LOCKED LIGHT RE
- [SDR CA070125006](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA070125006), Jan 23, 2007: ENGINE. LEAKING. (CAN) ENROUTE, NR 3 ENGINE OIL LOSS, AIRCRAFT DIVERTED. INSPECTED AND FERRIED AIRCRAFT. ENGINE REPLACED (TC NR 20070125006)
- [SDR CA061216003](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA061216003), Dec 12, 2006: LINE. LEAKING. (CAN) AFTER T/O DURING CLIMB (B) PUMP LOW PX LITE ILLUMINATED WITH FLUID QTY DROP. RETURNED TO DEPARTURE, HYD LINE REPLACED IN B COMPT. (TC NR 20061216003)
- [SDR CA061014001](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA061014001), Oct 11, 2006: VALVE. FAILED. (CAN) AFTER DEPARTURE, CREW DISCOVERED THAT THE A/C WOULD NOT PRESSURIZE. A/C RETURNED TO BASE WHERE A PACK VALVE WAS FOUND FAILED IN THE CLOSED POSITION. VALVE
- [SDR CA060706004](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA060706004), Jul 2, 2006: TRU. SMOKE. (CAN) WHILE AIRCRAFT WAITING ON THE GATE TO BOARD PASSENGERS FOR DEPARTURE, SMOKE WAS OBSERVED IN THE COCKPIT. CAUSE OF SMOKE WAS DETERMINED TO BE THE NR 2 TRAN
- [SDR CA050617005](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA050617005), Jun 11, 2005: VALVE. STUCK. (CAN) DURING CLIMB OUT, THE CREW NOTICED THAT NR 2 ENGINE OIL TEMPERATURE WAS INCREASING. TEMP CONTINUED TO INCREASE DURING CLIMB AND ENGINE WAS SHUT DOWN. AIRC
- [SDR CA050614010](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA050614010), Jun 10, 2005: ENGINE. FAILED. DURING CLIMB AND AFTER DEPARTURE, NR 2 ENGINE HIGH OIL TEMP WAS EXPERIENCED. HIGH OIL TEMP SUP PROCEDURES ACCOMPLISHED, FOLLOWED BY THE ENGINE FAILURE/SHUTDOWN 
- [SDR CA050620002](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA050620002), May 31, 2005: BOLT. LOOSE. (CAN) ON TAKEOFF, LANDING GEAR WOULD NOT RETRACT. MAINTENANCE FOUND AIR/GND PROX TARGET LEVER BOLT LOOSE. BOLT/NUT- P/N NAS 1303-8/BACN10JC3.
- [SDR GAIA05014ST](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA05014ST), Mar 19, 2005: SKIN. DELAMINATED. DURING A-CHECK, NO FLIGHT, FWA: FOUND LT IB MID-FLAP OB T/E MISSING 6 INCHES OF SKIN. REMOVED AND REPLACED LT IB MID-FLAP AND AFT FLAPS ASSY. OPS CHECKED NORMAL
- [SDR CA050211005](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA050211005), Feb 6, 2005: BEARING. BROKEN. (CAN) THE PILOT REPORTED THE RT SPOILERS WERE NOT DEPLOYING PROPERLY AND 50 DEGREES RT AILERON WAS REQUIRED TO KEEP WINGS LEVEL AT FULL SPOILER DEFLECTION. UPON
- [SDR CA040812001](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA040812001), Jul 29, 2004: B-NUT. CRACKED. (CAN) CREW REPORTED 'A' SYSTEM HYDRAULIC FLUID LOSS IN FLIGHT. MAINTENANCE FOUND LEAK AT B-NUT END FITTING AT 'A' SYSTEM MODULE. LINE REPLACED.
- [SDR GAIA04084SD](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA04084SD), Jun 11, 2004: TRU. OVERHEATED. FIRE WAS REPORTED FROM NR 1 TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER UNIT (TRU), LOCATED IN FORWARD EE BAY. PWR HAD BEEN ON AC APPROX 1HOUR AND 30 MINUTES. FIRE WAS EXTINGUISHED A
- [SDR CA040521008](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA040521008), May 21, 2004: SEQUENCE VALVE. CRACKED. AFTER T/O AND GEAR RETRACTION, CREW NOTICED HYDRAULIC QUANTITY LOW. CREW MONITORED HYDRAULIC LEVEL FOR DURATION OF FLIGHT WITH NO CHANGE. UPON GEAR EXTENSION, H
- [SDR CA040521001](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA040521001), May 19, 2004: MODULE. FAILED. (CAN) ON CLIMB OUT, CREW NOTICED NOSE (GEAR UNSAFE) LIGHT DID NOT EXTINGUISH. AFTER DUMPING FUEL, CREW RETURNED TO MAINTENANCE FACILLITY WHERE THE LANDING GEAR 
- [SDR GAIA04052OP](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA04052OP), Mar 18, 2004: CONNECTOR. DIRTY. ON TAKEOFF ROLL, AFTER FLAP RETRACTION THE NR 4 LEADING EDGE DEVICE INDICATED IN TRANSIT. NO ROLL WAS NOTED, THE AIRCARFT CONTINUED FLIGHT. CLEANED THE NR 4 LEA
- [SDR GAIA04054OP](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA04054OP), Mar 17, 2004: SWITCH. INOPERATIVE. FLT 753 - CLT-FWA - DURING TAXI, THE FLIGHT CREW NOTICED THAT THE NR 5 LEADING EDGE DEVICE WOULD NOT EXTEND. REMOVED AND REPLACED THE NR 5 LEADING EDGE FLAP POS
- [SDR CA040315002](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA040315002), Mar 13, 2004: START VALVE. CRACKED. (CAN) DURING DEPARTURE CREW WAS UNABLE TO START NR 1 ENGINE. MAINTENANCE CALLED TO PERFORM A MANUAL START. FOUND THE BOTTOM OF THE START VALVE CRACKED AT THE AD
- [SDR GAIA04022OP](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA04022OP), Feb 6, 2004: COMPUTER. MALFUNCTIONED. DURING CRUISE, THE AUTOPILOT OVER CORRECTS ON LOCALIZER. REMOVED AND REPLACED THE ROLL CHANNEL COMPUTER. OPERATIONAL CHECK GOOD. AIRCRAFT WAS RELEASED FOR SERVI
- [SDR GAIA04025OP](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA04025OP), Feb 5, 2004: CONNECTOR. DIRTY. DURING CRUISE, THE NR 4 LEADING EDGE FLAP SHOWS EXTENDED WITH THE FLAPS RETRACTED. CLEANED AND RESEATED THE CONNECTOR ON THE NR 4 LEADING EDGE FLAP SWITCH. OPS 
- [SDR GAIA04026OP](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA04026OP), Feb 5, 2004: WARNING LIGHT. ILLUMINATED. AFTER TAKEOFF, THE TAIL SKID LIGHT REMAINED ILLUMINATED. RECYCLED THE LANDING GEAR AND THE LIGHT WENT OUT. PERFORMED OPERATIONAL CHECK AND TEST OF THE TAIL SKID
- [SDR GAIA04001OP](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA04001OP), Jan 17, 2004: RIB. CORRODED. DURING ROUTINE MAINTENANCE, FOUND CORROSION ON THE RIGHT WING LEADING EDGE SUPPORT RIB AT WING STATION 240. REPAIRED WING RIB IAW BOEING SRM CH 51-40-4. THE AIR
- [SDR CA031212004](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA031212004), Dec 9, 2003: CONTROL CABLE. OUT OF ADJUST. (CAN) CONTROL WHEEL VERY STIFF WHEN DEFLECTED LT AND SLOW TO RETURN ON RT DEFLECTION. LOST MOTION CABLES ADJUSTED IAW MM 27-10-0 AILERON INPUT PUSHROD ADJUSTED 
- [SDR CA031126011](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA031126011), Nov 20, 2003: SKIN. CRACKED. (CAN) WHILE PERFORMING A (C CHECK), CORROSION WAS FOUND ON THE LT IB FLAP AT WBL 124. AFTER PAINT REMOVING IT WAS DISCOVERED THAT A CRACK OF .5000 INCH LONG WAS
- [SDR CA031117004](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA031117004), Nov 13, 2003: SKIN. CRACKED. (CAN) THE AIRCRAFT WAS ON A (C CHECK. UPON INSPECTION OF THE FUSELAGE, A QUESTIONABLE SCRATCH WAS FOUND AT STATION BS 700 STRINGER NR 1. PAINT WAS STRIPPED AND 
- [SDR CA031126012](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/CA031126012), Nov 12, 2003: SKIN. LIGHTNING STRIKE. (CAN) WHILE PERFORMING A (C CHECK) IT WAS FOUND THAT THE AIRPLANE HAD BEEN HIT BY LIGHTING. POINT OF ENTRY WAS AT NOSE DOOR AND EXIT POINT AT RT ELEVATOR TAB. R
- [SDR GAIA03158ST](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA03158ST), Oct 24, 2003: RESTRAINT. WORN. DURNG C-CHECK INSPECTION FOUND MAIN CARGO PALLET SIDE RESTRAINTS WORN. REF FASI N/R NR 61123, REMOVED AND REPLACED SIDE RESTRAINTS BS 348 TO 1168 IAW KHA EA-B7-
- [SDR GAIA03144ST](https://openairdocs.org/sdr/GAIA03144ST), Oct 24, 2003: SEAT TRACK. CORRODED. DURING C-CHECK INSPECTION FOUND MAIN CABIN SEAT TRACK LBL 45.5 CORRODED BS 760 TO 850. REF FASI N/R NR 61760, REPLACED SEAT TRACK BS 760 TO 850 LBL 45.5 PER B72

All 534: https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-243/reports.md

## STCs that may be installed (OpenAirDocs) (837, first 50)

Approved for this model: the STC's model list names it on its data sheet, or a series that includes it. In force first, then newest. The registry doesn't record which STCs an aircraft has.

- [STC ST12461IB](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST12461IB): Installation of Cockpit Voice Recorder with optional RIPS Upgrade. Mid- Canada Mod Center
- [STC ST00885LA](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00885LA): Installation of fire extinguisher cartridges as replacements for Pacific Scientific fire extinguisher cartridges in fire extinguisher bottles. AMETEK AMERON, LLC d/b/a MASS Systems
- [STC ST12412CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST12412CH): Installation of the Dual FreeFlight Systems RA-6500 Radio Altimeter. IFL Group Inc
- [STC ST00736SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00736SE): Installation of new flight crew oxygen masks and holders. B/E Aerospace, Inc. - FSI
- [STC ST00952LA](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00952LA): Installation of Mass Systems fire extinguisher cartridges as replacements for Kidde fire extinguisher cartridges in fire extinguisher bottles. AMETEK AMERON LLC d/b/a MASS Systems
- [STC SA2622NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA2622NM): Installation of Precise Flight Pulselite Control Unit in landing/taxi system. (767-200 B17) (DHC-8 101). Precise Flight Inc
- [STC ST02771SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST02771SE): Installation of Improved Radio Altimeter System. AeroMech Incorporated
- [STC ST02646AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST02646AT): Installation of an AudioVideo In-Flight Entertainment System (IFE) per ARC Avionics Master Drawing List (MDL) ARC-VIDE-001-MDL latest FAA approved revision. ARC145 LLC
- [STC SA5040NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA5040NM): Installation of cargo pallet and net. Satco Inc
- [STC ST03450AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST03450AT): Installation of a horse stall system. Gregory Jackson
- [STC SA2348WE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA2348WE): Installation of emblem lights. The Boeing Company
- [STC ST09113AC](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST09113AC): Installation of Tail Floodlights on Boeing 727 Engine Pylons. The Boeing Company
- [STC ST03885AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST03885AT): Installation of an Avionica, Inc. avCM Cellular Module. Aircraft Systems and Manufacturing Inc
- [STC SA1026NW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1026NW): Installation of centerline life raft stowage compartments. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1045NW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1045NW): Installation of Spacemaker I-A interior kit. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1078NW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1078NW): Installation of C&D coat closet, L.H. forward unit. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1086NW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1086NW): Installation of C&D coat closet, R.H. forward unit. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1174NW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1174NW): Installation of a windscreen. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1305NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1305NM): Installation of coat closet, L. H. forward unit. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1306NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1306NM): Installation of coat closet, R. H. forward unit. (727-232). Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1370NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1370NM): Installation of class divider-closet units and curtain header. (727-235). C & D Zodiac Inc
- [STC SA1419NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1419NM): Installation of overhead life raft stowage containers. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1442NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1442NM): Installation of Spacemaker interior kit. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA1662NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA1662NM): Installation of overhead stowage Quikbin retrofit kits. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA2474NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA2474NM): Installation of 3 coat closets and one class divider. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA2480NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA2480NM): Installation of divider assembly, closet assembly, cabinet assembly, coatroom assembly. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA3299NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA3299NM): Installation of an overhead life raft stowage compartment kit. Safran Cabin Inc. Lists 727 Series
- [STC SA3457NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA3457NM): Installation of cabin divider. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA469NW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA469NW): Installation of coat closet unit. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA5169NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA5169NM): Installation of Aerobin interior modification kits. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA5172NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA5172NM): Installation of modular lavatory components. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA6051NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA6051NM): Installation of Galley, G6A. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC SA816NW](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA816NW): Installation of spacemaker interior modification kit. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC ST00147LA](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00147LA): Installation of closet and curtain header. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC ST00577SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00577SE): Installation of SpaceLine Interior Kits. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC ST01437LA](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST01437LA): Installation of a reinforced cockpit door. Safran Cabin Inc
- [STC ST00556CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00556CH): Installation of a single or dual Honeywell/Trimble HT9100 Global Navigation System. Amphenol Cable and Interconnect Technologies Inc
- [STC SA3141NM](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA3141NM): Installation of floor proximity emergency escape path. Bruce Aerospace Inc
- [STC SA2932SO](https://openairdocs.org/stc/SA2932SO): Installation of a Fairchild or Sundstrand Digital Flight Data Recorder. Acron Aviation Inc
- [STC ST00771AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00771AT): Installation of expanded parameters Digital Flight Data Recorder from 6 parameters to 24 parameters. L3 Communications/Aviation Recorders
- [STC ST02472AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST02472AT): Installation of a mini Quick Access Recorder (QAR) model MKI, MKII, or MKIII. Aircraft Systems and Manufacturing Inc
- [STC ST04515AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST04515AT): Installation of Auxiliary Fuel Tank Ignition Mitigation Reticulated Polyurethane Foam in Boeing 727-223 Series. AerSale Inc
- [STC ST01395LA](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST01395LA): Approved for model 727-100, serial number 19860 and 20279; for model 727-200, serial number 21082, 21494, and 21495. Installation of BAE Systems (formerly Canadian Marconi) Dual CMA-900 Flight Management System. Aero Technik Inc
- [STC ST00215IB](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00215IB): Installation of saf-Tglo ECO Photoluminescent Aisle Path Marking Systems. STG AEROSPACE GERMANY GmbH
- [STC ST01936WI](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST01936WI): Installation of LED lights. AeroLED's Holdings LLC
- [STC ST03424CH](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST03424CH): Certification of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) Out System with Rockwell Collins TDR-94/-94D Transponders. CMD Flight Solutions LLC
- [STC ST01641AT](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST01641AT): Installation of a photoluminescent floor proximity emergency escape path marking system. STG Aerospace Inc
- [STC ST00399SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00399SE): The above boeing model which has incorporated Raisbeck Commercial Air Group Inc Master Drawing List 96B-1001, Revision D, dated September 2, 1997, or later FAA approved revision, complies iwth FAR Part 36, Stage 3 noise limits. Raisbeck Engineering Inc
- [STC ST00553SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00553SE): Incorporation of the Raisbeck Commercial Air Group inlet acoustical treatment and associated structure on certain engine nose cowls. Raisbeck Engineering Inc
- [STC ST00555SE](https://openairdocs.org/stc/ST00555SE): Modification in the leading edge slat and flap configurations. Raisbeck Engineering Inc

All 837: https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-243/stcs.md

## The same model under other registry codes

Amateur-built copies and renamed makers get their own codes.

- [Boeing 727-223](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-223): 9 registered aircraft, registry code 1384074
- [Boeing 727-227](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-227): 4 registered aircraft, registry code 1384078
- [Boeing 727-225](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-225): 2 registered aircraft, registry code 1384077
- [Boeing 727-200](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-200): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 138407E
- [Boeing 727-212](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-212): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 138407G
- [Boeing 727-230](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-230): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 1384080
- [Boeing 727-232](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-232): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 1384082
- [Boeing 727-247](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-247): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 138408F
- [Boeing 727-264](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-264): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 138408M
- [Boeing 727-281](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-281): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 138408N
- [Boeing 727-277](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-277): 1 registered aircraft, registry code 138408S
- [Boeing 727-287](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-287): 0 registered aircraft, registry code 1384020

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.