# NTSB investigations: Lycoming IO-360-L2A: Abnormal runway contact

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

## Latest cases

- [NTSB CEN26LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN26LA133.md): Cessna 172S · Denver, CO · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Feb 28, 2026 · N1071Z · Substantial damage
  > The solo student pilot's improper landing flare and subsequent improper recovery from a bounced landing which resulted in substantial damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB WPR25LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA105.md): Textron 172S · Cottonwood, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Feb 20, 2025 · N726ER · Substantial damage
  > The pilot undergoing instructions’ loss of aircraft control during landing, and the flight instructor’s failure to promptly intervene.
- [NTSB CEN24LA379](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN24LA379.md): Textron 172S · Janesville, WI · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Sep 24, 2024 · N281EA · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper flare and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action that resulted in a hard, bounced landing.
- [NTSB ERA24LA319](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA24LA319.md): Cessna 172 · Elizabeth City, NC · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Jun 16, 2024 · N92970 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper flare and subsequent improper recovery from a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ERA23LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA23LA017.md): Cessna 172 · Sanford, FL · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Oct 4, 2022 · N455ER · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's unstable approach, which resulted in a hard landing and impact with a runway threshold light. Also causal was the flight instructor’s failure to take remedial action to prevent the hard landing.
- [NTSB WPR22LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR22LA123.md): Cessna 172S · San Carlos, CA · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Mar 7, 2022 · N653ND · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare which resulted in a bounced landing.
- [NTSB ERA22LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA22LA065.md): Cessna 172S · Palm Coast, FL · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Nov 14, 2021 · N61237 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare and subsequent improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a hard landing and substantial damage to the lower fuselage and firewall.
- [NTSB GAA18CA340](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA340.md): Cessna 172 · Hillsboro, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 9, 2018 · N363CK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a bounced landing and subsequent porpoise.
- [NTSB GAA18CA294](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA294.md): Cessna 172 · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 30, 2018 · N254EK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA163.md): Cessna 172 · Bedford, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 11, 2018 · N249FS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in substantial damage.
- [NTSB GAA18CA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA143.md): Cessna 172 · McKinney, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 24, 2018 · N9520Z · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper approach and landing flare, which resulted in a porpoised landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA085.md): Cessna 172 · Park Rapids, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 2, 2017 · N524ND · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in the propeller striking the ground.
- [NTSB GAA18CA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA046.md): Textron 172 · Columbus, OH · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 14, 2017 · N30SU · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a porpoise.
- [NTSB GAA18CA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA045.md): Cessna 172 · Trenton, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 9, 2017 · N2138W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a bounced landing.
- [NTSB GAA17CA470](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA470.md): Cessna 172 · Carlsbad, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 30, 2017 · N497TC · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare in gusting wind conditions.
- [NTSB GAA17CA300](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA300.md): Cessna 172 · Clarksville, TN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 14, 2017 · N53460 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s unstabilized approach and improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, porpoised landing.
- [NTSB GAA17CA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA104.md): Cessna 172 · Palm Coast, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 24, 2016 · N1289Y · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing and porpoise.
- [NTSB GAA16CA421](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA421.md): Cessna 172 · Oak Island, NC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 2, 2016 · N24447 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during the landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing and substantial damage to the firewall.
- [NTSB GAA16CA268](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA268.md): Cessna 172 · Newport News, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 19, 2016 · N1724U · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's incorrect pitch control during the landing flare, which resulted in abnormal runway contact and a substantially damaged firewall.
- [NTSB GAA16CA219](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA219.md): Cessna 172 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 2, 2016 · N509ND · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during the landing flare, which resulted in an abnormal runway contact, porpoise, nose gear collapse, runway excursion, and impact with terrain.
- [NTSB GAA16CA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA188.md): Cessna 172 · Payson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 6, 2016 · N5275S · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during the landing flare, resulting in the subsequent porpoise during landing and substantial damage to the firewall.
- [NTSB GAA16CA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA187.md): Cessna 172 · Scottsdale, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 6, 2016 · N6023V · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to maintain pitch control while landing, which resulted in a hard landing, loss of directional control, and runway excursion.
- [NTSB GAA16CA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA114.md): Cessna 172 · Merritt Island, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 31, 2016 · N35079 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare which resulted in a porpoise, runway excursion, and nose over.
- [NTSB GAA16CA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA048.md): Cessna 172 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 7, 2015 · N1107G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during landing, resulting in a porpoise, and firewall damage.
- [NTSB GAA15CA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA15CA026.md): Cessna 172S · Vernal, UT · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 28, 2015 · N2168D · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain attitude control during landing flare.
- [NTSB WPR15CA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR15CA028.md): Cessna 172 - S · Hawthorne, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 23, 2014 · N564AT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare which resulted in a loss of aircraft control and subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB WPR14CA351](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR14CA351.md): Cessna 172S · Santa Ynez, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 16, 2014 · N10033 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate flare and loss of aircraft control during landing, which resulted in multiple bounces.
- [NTSB ERA14CA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14CA078.md): Cessna 172S · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 24, 2013 · N17223 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare during a gusty, crosswind landing.
- [NTSB ERA13CA395](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA13CA395.md): Cessna 172S · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 29, 2013 · N6065P · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s failure to apply power to go-around following a bounced landing resulting in abnormal runway contact and collapse of the nose landing gear.
- [NTSB ERA12CA496](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA496.md): Cessna 172S · Culpeper, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 3, 2012 · N6276Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during an attempted takeoff.
- [NTSB ERA10CA512](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10CA512.md): Cessna 172R · Hampton, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 30, 2010 · N429FF · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate landing flare and improper recovery from a bounced landing. Contributing to the accident was the student’s decision to land with a tailwind.
- [NTSB CEN09LA579](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN09LA579.md): Cessna 172S · Park Rapids, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 2009 · N523ND · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper climb rate during a night takeoff.
- [NTSB CEN09LA586](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN09LA586.md): Cessna 172S · Duluth, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 2009 · N568ND · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during landing, resulting in a hard landing and a propeller strike with the ground.
- [NTSB CEN09CA495](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN09CA495.md): Cessna 172S · New Braunfels, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 4, 2009 · N401LP · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare resulting in a bounced landing.

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT x.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' x WHERE x.engine_model_code IN ('41597')
    AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e WHERE e.case_mkey = x.case_mkey AND e.aircrafts_position = x.position AND e."isDefiningEvent" AND e."tier2Number" = '090'))
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/cases?engine=41597

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OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.