# NTSB investigations, 2018: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

## Latest cases

- [NTSB GAA19CA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA101.md): Clifford E Massey AR-1 · Anahuac, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 15, 2018 · N923DJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare in gusting crosswind conditions.
- [NTSB GAA19CA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA094.md): Cirrus SR22 · Greenville, SC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 23, 2018 · N82SN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare with a gusting, right quartering headwind, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA19CA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA049.md): Flight Design Ctls · Elyria, OH · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 4, 2018 · N21ZA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during landing in variable gusting crosswind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing and runway excursion.
- [NTSB GAA19CA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA042.md): Cessna 172 · Salina, KS · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 26, 2018 · N822KS · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing.
- [NTSB GAA19CA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA036.md): Airplane Factory Sport Light · Carson City, NV · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 25, 2018 · N288SL · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA19CA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA020.md): Cessna 172 · Lawrenceville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 14, 2018 · N996SB · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper pitch application, which resulted in a hard landing and subsequent fire. Contributing to the accident was the student’s failure to give over the flight controls to the flight instructor when instructed to do so.
- [NTSB ANC19CA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC19CA002.md): Beech 1900 · Gambell, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 3, 2018 · N575Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s unstabilized approach and improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA19CA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA025.md): Cessna 152 · Lakeland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 1, 2018 · N24752 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing and the nose gear collapsing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA571](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA571.md): Eurocopter AS350 · Ruidoso, NM · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 29, 2018 · N894NA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate during landing. Contributing to the accident were the pilot’s failure to conduct preflight performance calculations, which resulted in his operating the helicopter in high-density altitude conditions,…
- [NTSB ERA18TA267](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18TA267.md): Grob G103 Twin Astir · Groveland, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Final report · Sep 22, 2018 · N72EJ · Minor damage
  > The student pilot's failure to relinquish the flight controls during landing when the flight instructor told him to do so, and the instructor’s subsequent inability to properly control the glider, which led to a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA562](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA562.md): Rutan Rutan Long EZ · Independence, OR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 19, 2018 · N5RJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CEN18LA364](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA364.md): Lindstrand 77A · Brookfield, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 2018 · N370LB · No damage
  > The pilot's inability to maintain control of the balloon after encountering high wind conditions and windshear during the landing, which resulted in his ejection from the basket and serious injury to the passenger during the balloon’s subsequent impact with…
- [NTSB CEN18WA379](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18WA379.md): Piper PA32 · Belize City, Belize · Accident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · Aug 29, 2018 · N3073W · Substantial damage
  > On August 29, about 1804 local time (LCL), a Piper PA32 300 airplane, N3073W, operated by Wings of Hope, had a hard landing at the Sir Barry Bowen Municipal Airport, in Belize City, Belize. The airplane originated from the San Pedro Airport.This investigation…
- [NTSB GAA18CA529](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA529.md): Piper PA46 · Hartford, CT · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 28, 2018 · N178DB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s unstabilized approach and hard landing, which resulted in a nose landing gear collapse.
- [NTSB GAA18CA554](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA554.md): Airborne Edge X Classic · Lake Wales, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 25, 2018 · N4557C · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA518](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA518.md): Rans Rans S6S · Painton, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 19, 2018 · N107SJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper pitch attitude during landing, which resulted in a bounced, hard landing.
- [NTSB WPR18LA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA226.md): Hughes 369 · Riverside, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 17, 2018 · N105JL · Substantial damage
  > The instructor’s delayed remedial action to an excessive descent rate during a simulated autorotation, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA478](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA478.md): Cessna 172 · Crystal River, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 6, 2018 · N9608H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB DCA18CA252](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA18CA252.md): Boeing 767 · Portsmouth, NH · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Data collection · Final report · Jul 27, 2018 · N641GT · Substantial damage
  > an improper landing flare technique and the lack of the appropriate bounced landing recovery procedure.
- [NTSB GAA18CA464](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA464.md): Cessna 172 · Spring, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 26, 2018 · N865CP · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare in a crosswind, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA446](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA446.md): Cessna 310 · Malden, MO · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 20, 2018 · N46CH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare in gusting wind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA425](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA425.md): Cessna 172 · Batavia, OH · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 13, 2018 · N12064 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA398](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA398.md): Aeronca 7CCM · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 7, 2018 · N81768 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing, an attempted go-around, and a subsequent nose-over.
- [NTSB GAA18CA391](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA391.md): Cessna 172 · Troy, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 2, 2018 · N6508K · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s failure to maintain a proper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, porpoised landing during an aborted go-around.
- [NTSB ANC18CA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC18CA052.md): Cessna 182 · Chugiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 1, 2018 · N5020D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's mismanagement of the engine controls due to distraction in the traffic pattern, which resulted in a hard landing short of the runway.
- [NTSB GAA18CA449](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA449.md): Cessna 182 · Swainsboro, GA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 30, 2018 · N6167L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's unstabilized approach during the initial landing with a right quartering tailwind, which resulted in a hard landing and subsequent go-around and the collapse of the nose landing gear during the subsequent landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA416](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA416.md): Aeroprakt A-22 Valor · Malone, NY · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 30, 2018 · N712FP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper crosswind correction during the landing flare in gusting wind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA389](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA389.md): Schweizer SGS 1 34 · Boulder, CO · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 27, 2018 · N134BC · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare in gusting crosswind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA380](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA380.md): Jabiru J250 · Ferndale, WA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 18, 2018 · N722BL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident were the pilot’s lack of experience and training in the accident airplane make and model.
- [NTSB GAA18CA361](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA361.md): Raytheon A36 · Lakeview, AR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 17, 2018 · N174DM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear before landing, which resulted in a propeller strike, followed by an aborted landing and a subsequent hard, precautionary landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA324](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA324.md): Piper PA 22 · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 4, 2018 · N7257D · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor’s improper landing flare and failure to maintain a proper descent rate during approach, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA320](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA320.md): Piper PA 12 · Nulato, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 2, 2018 · N3937M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing on upsloping terrain, and his subsequent failure to maintain adequate airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack during an attempted go-around, which resulted in…
- [NTSB GAA18CA326](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA326.md): Cessna 172 · Westminster, MD · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 26, 2018 · N789EP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA267](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA267.md): Cessna 172 · Fulton, NY · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 5, 2018 · N7762X · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA255](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA255.md): Pphu Ekolot KR-030 Topaz · Dekalb, IL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 5, 2018 · N468KM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare during gusting wind conditions, and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action.
- [NTSB GAA18CA589](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA589.md): Piper PA28R · Camarillo, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 23, 2018 · N9368N · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA411](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA411.md): Eipper Quicksilver · Marietta, SC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 21, 2018 · N126AS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a loss of directional control.
- [NTSB GAA18CA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA228.md): Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P92 Eaglet · Ashland, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 17, 2018 · N404TA · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA203.md): Carr B L RV 4 · Caldwell, ID · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 6, 2018 · N66PB · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the weld on the airplane’s left main landing gear axle support strut during landing, which resulted in a loss of directional control.
- [NTSB GAA18CA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA187.md): Beech 99 · King Salmon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 29, 2018 · N31TN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain an adequate approach path and runway centerline during the initial landing, which resulted in a hard landing to the left of the runway and damage to the landing gear and wing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA186.md): Terry G. Olson Kitfox S7 Super Spor · Silver Bay, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 29, 2018 · N141AB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s hard landing and subsequent failure to maintain airspeed and bank control during the aborted landing, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB GAA18CA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA195.md): Piper PA24 · Knox, IN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 21, 2018 · N6785P · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA177.md): Cessna 152 · Snohomish, WA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 12, 2018 · N6509L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s decision to land with a tailwind and in his failure to maintain pitch control of the airplane in gusting wind conditions.
- [NTSB GAA18CA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA126.md): Cessna 180 · Nenana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 11, 2018 · N2347C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain an adequate approach path to an unimproved airstrip, which resulted in a hard landing short of the airstrip.

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 2018
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT e.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e WHERE e."isDefiningEvent" AND e."tier2Number" = '092')
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/cases?year=2018

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