# NTSB investigations: Hard landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 17 of 43 · 2,102 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB GAA18CA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA228.md): Costruzioni Aeronautiche Tecna P92 Eaglet · Ashland, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 17, 2018 · N404TA · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA226.md): Textron G58 · Easton, MD · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 13, 2018 · N67WM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ERA18LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA124.md): Cirrus SR22 · Lowville, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 2018 · C-GMDQ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's diverted attention, which resulted in his inadequate monitoring of the airplane's attitude and a loss of control in flight.
- [NTSB GAA18CA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA203.md): Carr B L RV 4 · Caldwell, ID · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 6, 2018 · N66PB · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the weld on the airplane’s left main landing gear axle support strut during landing, which resulted in a loss of directional control.
- [NTSB GAA18CA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA187.md): Beech 99 · King Salmon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 29, 2018 · N31TN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain an adequate approach path and runway centerline during the initial landing, which resulted in a hard landing to the left of the runway and damage to the landing gear and wing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA186.md): Terry G. Olson Kitfox S7 Super Spor · Silver Bay, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 29, 2018 · N141AB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s hard landing and subsequent failure to maintain airspeed and bank control during the aborted landing, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB GAA18CA229](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA229.md): Robinson Helicopter R22 · Farmingdale, NY · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 23, 2018 · N72QC · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s rapid lowering of the collective, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA195.md): Piper PA24 · Knox, IN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 21, 2018 · N6785P · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ERA18LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA109.md): Cirrus Design SR20 · Palatka, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 2018 · N486DA · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > Both pilots’ and the flight instructor’s failure to identify, see, and avoid the other airplane, which resulted in a midair collision.
- [NTSB GAA18CA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA177.md): Cessna 152 · Snohomish, WA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 12, 2018 · N6509L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s decision to land with a tailwind and in his failure to maintain pitch control of the airplane in gusting wind conditions.
- [NTSB GAA18CA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA157.md): Cessna 182 · Rockford, IL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 12, 2018 · N96772 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s unnecessary action during the approach, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CEN18LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA115.md): Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm BK 117 B-2 · Sheboygan, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 2018 · N1174U · Substantial damage
  > The restricted cyclic control movement for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination and testing of the cyclic control system did not reveal any evidence of mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal…
- [NTSB GAA18CA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA149.md): Beech B · Ferris, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 1, 2018 · N77MM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper preflight inspection of the fuel level, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s failure to lower the landing gear before the emergency landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA126.md): Cessna 180 · Nenana, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 11, 2018 · N2347C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain an adequate approach path to an unimproved airstrip, which resulted in a hard landing short of the airstrip.
- [NTSB ERA18IA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18IA078.md): Airbus Helicopters EC 130 · Memphis, TN · Incident · No injuries · Class 3 · Incident · Final report · Jan 28, 2018 · N894GT · Minor damage
  > The pilot’s failure to lock the collective pitch control after landing, and the mechanic’s failure to properly balance the collective pitch control after converting the helicopter to a single-pilot configuration, which resulted in an uncommanded collective…
- [NTSB GAA18CA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA112.md): Cessna 172 · Silver City, NM · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 26, 2018 · N1046F · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare in gusting crosswind conditions, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing.
- [NTSB ERA18LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA068.md): Schweizer 269C · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 2018 · N3947C · Substantial damage
  > The partial loss of engine power during the initial climb due to a stuck intake valve on the No. 4 cylinder.
- [NTSB GAA18CA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA104.md): Geldermann Bert E Lancair Legacy · Friday Harbor, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 15, 2018 · N145JG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s inability to maintain the landing flare, which resulted in the airplane landing hard short of the runway. Contributing to the accident was the cockpit canopy opening in flight.
- [NTSB GAA18CA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA103.md): Harrop Blake RV 7 · Death Valley National Park, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 14, 2018 · N4163B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain adequate airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack during the landing flare, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB GAA18CA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA108.md): Piper J3L · Astoria, OR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 13, 2018 · N35226 · Substantial damage
  > The control stick handgrip separation from the control stick resulting in the airplane pitching forward, which resulted in hard landing.
- [NTSB CEN18LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA079.md): Dayton A Dabbs Magni M-16 · Point Venture, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 2018 · N317KD · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined because a postaccident engine test run showed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation, and the pilot's decision to conduct the flight at a low altitude.
- [NTSB CEN18LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA069.md): Robinson Helicopter R44 II · Albany, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 8, 2018 · N797JR · Substantial damage
  > A loss of helicopter control for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination did not reveal any evidence of mechanical malfunctions or failures of the main rotor and tail rotor systems that would have precluded normal operation.
- [NTSB GAA18CA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA096.md): Aeropro CZ Eurofox · Upper Lake, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 27, 2017 · N3945A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain adequate airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack during the approach to land, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB GAA18CA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA097.md): Cessna 172 · Monroe, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 21, 2017 · N4491R · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper yaw control during the landing flare and the flight instructor’s failure to take remedial action, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CEN18LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA059.md): American Champion 7GCAA · Longmont, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 20, 2017 · N519MA · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the landing gear through bolt primarily due to fatigue during a hard landing, which resulted in a landing gear collapse and runway excursion. Contributing to the accident was noncompliance with the manufacturer service letter.
- [NTSB WPR18LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA050.md): Gray Jim Robert Exec · Caldwell, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 2017 · N716JB · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the oil pressure gauge line, which resulted in oil exhaustion and a total loss of engine power.
- [NTSB GAA18CA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA077.md): Czech Sport Aircraft a.s. Sport Cruiser · Sacramento, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 9, 2017 · N227US · Destroyed
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s failure to securely lock the canopy before takeoff.
- [NTSB GAA18CA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA075.md): Jones Kent C Vans RV-10 · Limon, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 8, 2017 · N9738J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s unstabilized approach and failure to go around at night, which resulted in the airplane impacting a power line and a subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA070.md): Eurocopter AS 350 · Santa Rosa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 6, 2017 · N790AM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA081.md): Piper PA 32 · Cheboygan, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 5, 2017 · N4887S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain the airplane’s rate of descent in gusting wind conditions resulting in a hard landing and runway excursion.
- [NTSB GAA18CA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA072.md): Robinson Helicopter R44 · Fort Pierce, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 5, 2017 · N99RW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a tail strike and hard landing.
- [NTSB WPR18LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA041.md): Robinson Helicopter R22 · Truckee, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Nov 30, 2017 · N47WH · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor’s failure to execute a power recovery from a non-stabilized autorotative descent, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA080.md): Cessna 172 · Daytona Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 26, 2017 · N452ER · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing.
- [NTSB ERA18LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA027.md): Homer Autogyro Cavalon · Oak Island, NC · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Nov 17, 2017 · N470CH · Substantial damage
  > A partial loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined based on the available information.
- [NTSB CEN18LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA032.md): Cessna T207A · Rock Springs, WY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 2017 · N9825M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight fuel management and reliance on a faulty fuel gauge, which resulted in fuel starvation during approach for landing, and his failure to follow the emergency checklist after losing engine power.
- [NTSB GAA18CA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA042.md): Stinson SR 5E · Burlington, WA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 11, 2017 · N141WC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s unstabilized approach, which resulted in a hard, bounced landing and nose-over. Also causal to the accident was the pilot’s improper decision to land on a closed alternate grass landing area.
- [NTSB WPR18LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA029.md): Bell 206 · Rolling Fork, MS · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Nov 7, 2017 · N93PH · Substantial damage
  > An uncommanded yaw and subsequent loss of main rotor rpm for reasons that could not be determined.
- [NTSB CEN18LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA020.md): Bell 206B · Groom, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 24, 2017 · N60EA · Substantial damage
  > The total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s decision to operate the helicopter with minimum fuel on board.
- [NTSB GAA18CA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA027.md): Cessna 120 · New Bern, NC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 21, 2017 · N72552 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare and subsequent failure to maintain directional control during landing.
- [NTSB ERA18LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA010.md): Beech A24 · Manteo, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 18, 2017 · N400LE · Substantial damage
  > The failure of maintenance personnel to properly secure wiring during an electrical component installation, which resulted in arcing and smoke in the cockpit. Contributing to the outcome was the flight instructor's failure to attain a proper descent rate…
- [NTSB CEN18LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA015.md): Cessna 150J · Willmar, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 18, 2017 · N50609 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper conduct of the soft-field takeoff, which led to his failure to attain adequate airspeed, and the flight instructor’s subsequent improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard, forced landing.
- [NTSB WPR18LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA004.md): Western International Avia UH 1H · Arbuckle, CA · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 13, 2017 · N247PV · Substantial damage
  > A collective control malfunction for reasons that could not be determined.
- [NTSB GAA18CA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA012.md): Eurocopter Deutschland MBB BK 117 · Canton, IL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 13, 2017 · N140SF · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's incorrect cyclic control during a hover, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA18CA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA008.md): Cessna 150 · Medina, OH · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 8, 2017 · N7313G · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing and porpoise.
- [NTSB CEN18LA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA006.md): Cameron N-105 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 7, 2017 · N29922 · No damage
  > The steep approach and hard landing after the balloon encountered unexpected high wind conditions, which resulted in a serious injury to a passenger.
- [NTSB GAA18CA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA030.md): Robinson Helicopter R22 Beta · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 6, 2017 · N878MC · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s tension on the flight control at a low level during an autorotation, which did not allow sufficient time for the flight instructor to correct and recover control before the hard landing.
- [NTSB WPR18LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA005.md): Piper PA 24-250 · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 5, 2017 · N7892P · Substantial damage
  > The student's pilot’s failure to maintain adequate airspeed during approach and subsequent exceedance of the critical angle of attack during a go-around, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and a subsequent hard landing. Contributing to the accident was…
- [NTSB GAA17CA553](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA553.md): Aerotrike Safari · Bridgeton, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 24, 2017 · N7675K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing while conducting an off-airport precautionary landing after a bird strike.
- [NTSB WPR17LA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR17LA211.md): Robinson Helicopter R22 · Long Beach, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 2017 · N7514S · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain rotor rpm during the crosswind landing approach and his subsequent improper decision to initiate an autorotation instead of applying corrective control inputs after the helicopter experienced normal airframe vibration.…
- [NTSB GAA17CA540](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA540.md): Cessna 172 · Lynchburg, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 16, 2017 · N5396D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's unstabilized approach, which resulted in an aborted go-around, an aerodynamic stall, and a hard landing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?page=18

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT s.case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' s WHERE s."tier2Number" = '092' AND s.case_mkey IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' WHERE "isDefiningEvent"))
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence?page=17

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