# Off-field or emergency landing - Type: NTSB defining event - NTSB code: 440 - CICTT category: Other - Defining event in: 23 cases - In the sequence of: 3,365 cases - Fatal cases: 2 - All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/cases.md - Cases with it anywhere in the sequence: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440 ## Cases per year (defining / in the sequence) - 2008: 0 / 198 - 2009: 0 / 260 - 2010: 0 / 245 - 2011: 0 / 258 - 2012: 0 / 237 - 2013: 0 / 198 - 2014: 0 / 201 - 2015: 0 / 206 - 2016: 0 / 183 - 2017: 0 / 198 - 2018: 1 / 195 - 2019: 0 / 149 - 2020: 3 / 116 - 2021: 3 / 144 - 2022: 3 / 141 - 2023: 7 / 138 - 2024: 0 / 136 - 2025: 5 / 107 - 2026: 1 / 55 ## Phase of flight - Enroute: 9 cases - Maneuvering: 3 cases - Enroute-cruise: 3 cases - Landing: 2 cases - Approach-VFR pattern final: 2 cases - Emergency descent: 1 cases - Landing-landing roll: 1 cases - Approach-VFR pattern base: 1 cases - Maneuvering-low-alt flying: 1 cases ## In the probable cause of these cases - [Not determined, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000) (Not determined): 2 cases - [Use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015) (Personnel issues): 2 cases - [Downdraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034035) (Environmental issues): 1 cases - [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 1 cases - [Weather planning](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061020) (Personnel issues): 1 cases - [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 1 cases - [Lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030) (Personnel issues): 1 cases - [Geographic disorient (lost)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02022030) (Personnel issues): 1 cases - [Descent rate](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037) (Aircraft): 1 cases - [Climb rate](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062035) (Aircraft): 1 cases ## Aircraft models (registry) - [Schweizer SGS 2-33A](https://openairdocs.org/model/schweizer-sgs-2-33a): 1 cases - [Robinson Helicopter R44 II](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44-ii): 1 cases - [Piper PA-32RT-300T](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32rt-300t): 1 cases - [Piper PA-28-181](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-181): 1 cases - [Piper PA-28-151](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-151): 1 cases - [Piper PA-18-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18-150): 1 cases - [Hughes Helicopters HUGHES 369D](https://openairdocs.org/model/hughes-helicopters-hughes-369d): 1 cases - [Cessna 182N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182n): 1 cases - [Cessna 120](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-120): 1 cases - [West Desert Aviators RANS S-20 RAVEN](https://openairdocs.org/model/west-desert-aviators-rans-s-20-raven): 1 cases ## Newest cases - [NTSB ERA26LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA127), Feb 24, 2026: Piper PA-28-151 (N85RW), Arno, TN, substantial damage, investigation ongoing - [NTSB WPR25LA292](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA292), Sep 23, 2025: Cessna 182N (N766EE), Fallbrook, CA, substantial damage, investigation ongoing - [NTSB ERA25LA350](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA25LA350), Sep 17, 2025: Piper PA-28-181 (N580JA), Astatula, FL, substantial damage, investigation ongoing - [NTSB WPR25LA265](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA265), Aug 24, 2025: Cessna 120 (N3151N), Taylor, AZ, substantial damage, investigation ongoing - [NTSB WPR25LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA163), May 27, 2025: Rans S20 (N327KM), Fairfield, UT, substantial damage, investigation ongoing - [NTSB GAA25WA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA25WA162), Mar 31, 2025: Cessna 150 (VT-PBA), Ucharpi, India - [NTSB GAA24WA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA24WA053), Dec 9, 2023: Air Tractor AT301 (HK4952), Orihueca, Colombia, substantial damage - [NTSB GAA24WA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA24WA001), Oct 4, 2023: Robinson R44 (OY-HFS), Vamdrup, Denmark, substantial damage - [NTSB GAA23WA251](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA23WA251), Sep 8, 2023: Robinson R44 (HC-CPV), Manta, Ecuador, substantial damage - [NTSB GAA23WA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA23WA176), Jun 25, 2023: Cessna 182 (D-EDYP), Jelenia Góra, Poland, substantial damage NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted. Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1). NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.