# Navigation system, general - Type: NTSB finding subsection - Path: [Aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01) › [Aircraft systems](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0102) › [Navigation system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/010234) › Navigation system, general - NTSB code: 01023400 - Cases: 13 - In the probable cause: 3 - Fatal cases: 8 - All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023400/cases.md - Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023400/cases.md?cause=1 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023400 ## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all) - 2008: 0 / 2 - 2009: 0 / 1 - 2014: 0 / 2 - 2015: 0 / 2 - 2016: 0 / 1 - 2017: 0 / 1 - 2019: 1 / 1 - 2021: 1 / 1 - 2022: 1 / 1 - 2025: 0 / 1 ## Defining events in these cases - [Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120): 3 cases - [Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490): 2 cases - [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 2 cases - [Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342): 1 cases - [Flight instrument malf/fail](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/334): 1 cases - [Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300): 1 cases - [Wrong surface or wrong airport](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/284): 1 cases - [Midair collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250): 1 cases - [Low altitude operation/event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220): 1 cases ## Aircraft models (registry) - [Dehavilland DHC-3](https://openairdocs.org/model/dehavilland-dhc-3): 2 cases - [Sikorsky S-76D](https://openairdocs.org/model/sikorsky-s-76d): 1 cases - [Raytheon Corporate Jets BAE 125-800A](https://openairdocs.org/model/raytheon-corporate-jets-bae-125-800a): 1 cases - [Pilatus PC-12/45](https://openairdocs.org/model/pilatus-pc-12-45): 1 cases - [Mooney M20F](https://openairdocs.org/model/mooney-m20f): 1 cases - [Dehavilland DHC-2 MK 1](https://openairdocs.org/model/dehavilland-dhc-2-mk-1): 1 cases - [Cirrus Design SR22](https://openairdocs.org/model/cirrus-design-sr22): 1 cases - [Cessna 210E](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-210e): 1 cases - [Beech 95-B55 (T42A)](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-95-b55-t42a): 1 cases - [Beech V35B](https://openairdocs.org/model/beech-v35b): 1 cases ## Other findings in the same cases - [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 5 cases - [Altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012) (Aircraft): 4 cases - [Adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015) (Organizational issues): 3 cases - [Dark](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036020) (Environmental issues): 3 cases - [Standard operating practices](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04024015) (Organizational issues): 2 cases - [Low ceiling](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010) (Environmental issues): 2 cases - [Ceiling/visibility/precip, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035000) (Environmental issues): 2 cases - [CRM/MRM techniques](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063540) (Personnel issues): 2 cases - [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 2 cases - [Use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015) (Personnel issues): 2 cases ## Newest cases - [NTSB CEN25LA356](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN25LA356), Sep 1, 2025: Sikorsky S-76 (N36RP), Round Mountain, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: The flight crew’s failure to properly identify the heliport in dark night conditions, which resulted in the flight crew attempting to land and a subsequent impact with trees and terrain. - [NTSB ERA22FA405](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA22FA405), Sep 10, 2022: Beech 95-B55 (N3670D), Hartwell, GA, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s spatial disorientation and subsequent loss of airplane control following a perceived undetermined problem with the airplane’s gyroscopic instrumentation. - [NTSB CEN21LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21LA232), May 16, 2021: Cirrus Design SR22 (N4144B), Whitewater, WI, substantial damage. Probable cause: An inflight instrument malfunction for reasons that could not be determined based on available information, which led to the pilot’s decision to activate the airframe parachute system. - [NTSB CEN19MA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19MA141), May 13, 2019: De Havilland DHC-2 (N952DB), Ketchikan, AK, destroyed, 6 fatal. Probable cause: The inherent limitations of the see-and-avoid concept, which prevented the two pilots from seeing the other airplane before the collision, and the absence of visual and aural alerts from both… - [NTSB DCA17IA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA17IA148), Jul 8, 2017: Airbus A320-211 (C-FKCK), San Francisco, CA, incident, no damage. Probable cause: The flight crew's misidentification of taxiway C as the intended landing runway, which resulted from the crewmembers' lack of awareness of the parallel runway closure due to their ineffective review… - [NTSB GAA16CA399](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA399), Jul 27, 2016: Air Tractor AT 301 (N7311X), Bird Island, MN, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's diverted attention inside the cockpit and failure to maintain the airplane's altitude while maneuvering at a low altitude, resulting in an impact with terrain. - [NTSB ANC15MA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC15MA041), Jun 25, 2015: Dehavilland DHC-3 (N270PA), Ketchikan, AK, substantial damage, 9 fatal. Probable cause: (1) the pilot's decision to continue visual flight into an area of instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in his geographic disorientation and controlled flight into terrain; and (2)… - [NTSB ERA15FA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA15FA144), Mar 4, 2015: Mooney M20F (N66BB), Norfolk, VA, substantial damage, 3 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to properly execute the instrument approach procedure. Contributing to the accident were the pilot's improper preflight planning and his decision to conduct the flight in… - [NTSB WPR14FA349](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR14FA349), Aug 19, 2014: Beech V35B (N1160T), Novato, CA, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The instrument-rated pilot's decision to conduct a visual approach to the airport in night, instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in controlled flight into terrain. Contributing to the… - [NTSB CEN14GA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN14GA135), Jan 31, 2014: Cessna 210E (N4957U), Oden, AR, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s improper decision to fly into an area with reported marginal meteorological conditions in an airplane not maintained for instrument flight and his subsequent failure to maintain clearance… NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted. Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1). NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.