# Performance/control parameters - Type: NTSB finding section - Path: [Aircraft](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01) › [Aircraft oper/perf/capability](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0106) › Performance/control parameters - NTSB code: 010620 - Cases: 11927 - In the probable cause: 11478 - Fatal cases: 2251 - All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/010620/cases.md - Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/010620/cases.md?cause=1 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/010620 ## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all) - 2008: 762 / 792 - 2009: 762 / 795 - 2010: 606 / 642 - 2011: 692 / 717 - 2012: 699 / 719 - 2013: 600 / 615 - 2014: 681 / 689 - 2015: 626 / 639 - 2016: 707 / 719 - 2017: 696 / 707 - 2018: 701 / 713 - 2019: 670 / 679 - 2020: 551 / 581 - 2021: 547 / 579 - 2022: 567 / 606 - 2023: 521 / 569 - 2024: 500 / 543 - 2025: 395 / 416 - 2026: 195 / 207 ## Findings - [Directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): 3,969 cases, 3,837 in the probable cause - [Airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): 1,682 cases, 1,611 in the probable cause - [Altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): 1,311 cases, 1,236 in the probable cause - [Landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): 1,287 cases, 1,236 in the probable cause - [Performance/control parameters, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): 1,269 cases, 1,227 in the probable cause - [Angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): 991 cases, 959 in the probable cause - [Descent/approach/glide path](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040): 810 cases, 760 in the probable cause - [Pitch control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062022): 528 cases, 500 in the probable cause - [Lateral/bank control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062023): 391 cases, 364 in the probable cause - [Climb rate](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062035): 265 cases, 239 in the probable cause - [Descent rate](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062037): 242 cases, 223 in the probable cause - [Surface speed/braking](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062045): 238 cases, 201 in the probable cause - [Crosswind correction](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062030): 184 cases, 176 in the probable cause - [Prop/rotor parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062052): 182 cases, 173 in the probable cause - [Yaw control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062024): 150 cases, 144 in the probable cause - [Heading/course](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062047): 82 cases, 78 in the probable cause - [Powerplant parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062050): 81 cases, 75 in the probable cause - [Configuration](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062017): 80 cases, 69 in the probable cause - [Engine out control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062025): 35 cases, 32 in the probable cause - [Dynamic load](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062032): 10 cases, 9 in the probable cause - [Glide](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062027): 7 cases, 7 in the probable cause ## Defining events in these cases - [Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230): 3,229 cases - [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 2,473 cases - [Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092): 980 cases - [Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241): 773 cases - [Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090): 515 cases - [Low altitude operation/event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/220): 394 cases - [Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490): 363 cases - [Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300): 342 cases - [Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120): 325 cases - [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 202 cases ## Aircraft models (registry) - [Cessna 172S](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172s): 254 cases - [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n): 191 cases - [Piper PA-18-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18-150): 178 cases - [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m): 176 cases - [Robinson Helicopter R22 BETA](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r22-beta): 142 cases - [Robinson Helicopter R44 II](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44-ii): 129 cases - [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152): 129 cases - [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140): 119 cases - [Cirrus Design SR22](https://openairdocs.org/model/cirrus-design-sr22): 111 cases - [Cessna 170B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-170b): 102 cases ## Other findings in the same cases - [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 7,944 cases - [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 1,539 cases - [Gusts](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045) (Environmental issues): 1,017 cases - [Crosswind](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034040) (Environmental issues): 911 cases - [Incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015) (Personnel issues): 758 cases - [Delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025) (Personnel issues): 572 cases - [Use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015) (Personnel issues): 510 cases - [Tree(s)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020) (Environmental issues): 497 cases - [Tailwind](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034015) (Environmental issues): 436 cases - [Not determined, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000) (Not determined): 374 cases ## Newest cases - [NTSB ERA26LA359](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA359), Sep 30, 2026: Cessna 182P (N1QP), Mount Pleasant, SC, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during landing, which resulted in a runway excursion. - [NTSB CEN26LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN26LA315), Sep 10, 2026: Progressive Aerodyne Searey (N80515), DeQuincy, LA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during takeoff after encountering a wind gust. Contributing to the accident was nearby convective activity. - [NTSB ERA26LA334](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA334), Sep 9, 2026: North American Harvard III (N407EZ), Sanatoga, PA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane while landing in a crosswind. - [NTSB ERA26LA330](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA330), Sep 4, 2026: Diamond Aircraft Ind DA 40 NG (N686MF), Leesburg, FL, substantial damage. Probable cause: The instructor’s delayed remedial action during an aborted landing, which resulted in a loss of airplane control. - [NTSB ERA26LA327](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA327), Sep 3, 2026: Robinson Helicopter R22 Beta (N276SH), McMinnville, TN, substantial damage. Probable cause: The flight instructor’s delayed remedial action during a practice autorotation, which resulted in a hard landing. - [NTSB CEN26LA304](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN26LA304), Sep 1, 2026: Piper PA-28-161 (N47899), Hudson Oaks, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s loss of directional control during the rejected takeoff, which resulted in a runway excursion. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s decision to abort the takeoff after the… - [NTSB CEN26LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN26LA307), Aug 29, 2026: Cessna Claassen 305A(0-1A) (N41362), Midland, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during landing in gusting wind conditions. - [NTSB ERA26LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA315), Aug 25, 2026: Piper PA-22-150 (N6157D), Rural Retreat, VA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. - [NTSB ERA26LA313](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA313), Aug 24, 2026: Robinson Helicopter R22 Beta (N979SH), Milton, FL, substantial damage. Probable cause: The flight instructor’s failure to maintain control of the helicopter during a low hover over a grass area, which resulted in left skid contact with the ground and a dynamic rollover to the left. - [NTSB ERA26LA311](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA311), Aug 21, 2026: HPH Glasflugel 304CZ (N304BS), Xenia, OH, substantial damage. Probable cause: The glider’s encounter with atmospheric conditions where lift was not sufficient to maintain flight. NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted. Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1). NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.