# Impairment/incapacitation, general

- Type: NTSB finding subsection
- Path: [Personnel issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02) › [Physical](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0201) › [Impairment/incapacitation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/020120) › Impairment/incapacitation, general
- NTSB code: 02012000
- Cases: 40
- In the probable cause: 37
- Fatal cases: 31
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02012000/cases.md
- Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02012000/cases.md?cause=1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02012000

## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all)

- 2008: 2 / 3
- 2009: 2 / 2
- 2010: 4 / 4
- 2011: 7 / 7
- 2012: 3 / 3
- 2013: 1 / 1
- 2014: 3 / 3
- 2015: 4 / 4
- 2016: 1 / 1
- 2017: 2 / 2
- 2019: 2 / 2
- 2020: 1 / 2
- 2021: 1 / 1
- 2022: 2 / 2
- 2023: 0 / 1
- 2024: 2 / 2

## Defining events in these cases

- [Medical event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/850): 8 cases
- [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 8 cases
- [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 5 cases
- [Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120): 3 cases
- [Abrupt maneuver](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/270): 2 cases
- [Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241): 2 cases
- [Fuel related](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/190): 2 cases
- [Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092): 2 cases
- [Unknown or undetermined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/000): 2 cases
- [Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490): 1 cases

## Aircraft models (registry)

- [Air Tractor AT-602](https://openairdocs.org/model/air-tractor-at-602): 2 cases
- [Universal GLOBE GC-1A](https://openairdocs.org/model/universal-globe-gc-1a): 1 cases
- [Saab-Scania SAAB 340B](https://openairdocs.org/model/saab-scania-saab-340b): 1 cases
- [Robinson Helicopter R44](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44): 1 cases
- [Raytheon 58](https://openairdocs.org/model/raytheon-58): 1 cases
- [Piper PA-28-180](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-180): 1 cases
- [Piper PA-28-161](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-161): 1 cases
- [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140): 1 cases
- [Piper PA-18-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18-150): 1 cases
- [Pilatus PC-12/47E](https://openairdocs.org/model/pilatus-pc-12-47e): 1 cases

## Other findings in the same cases

- [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 9 cases
- [Performance/control parameters, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000) (Aircraft): 9 cases
- [Not determined, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000) (Not determined): 6 cases
- [Predisposing condition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02013035) (Personnel issues): 4 cases
- [Airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010) (Aircraft): 4 cases
- [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 3 cases
- [Oversight of personnel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04032010) (Organizational issues): 2 cases
- [Tree(s)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020) (Environmental issues): 2 cases
- [Alertness/Fatigue, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02013500) (Personnel issues): 2 cases
- [Use of medication/drugs](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02013020) (Personnel issues): 2 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB WPR25FA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25FA062), Dec 16, 2024: American Eurocopter AS350B3 (N617GC), Potrero, CA, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s loss of control during cruise flight due to incapacitation for reasons that could not be determined.
- [NTSB CEN24FA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN24FA089), Jan 14, 2024: Cessna 310R (N252DL), Poolville, TX, destroyed, 3 fatal. Probable cause: Pilot incapacitation for undetermined reasons which resulted into controlled descent into terrain.
- [NTSB WPR23FA301](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR23FA301), Aug 4, 2023: Glasair Glastar (N617G), Idaho City, ID, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s loss of airplane control during takeoff for reasons that could not be determined.
- [NTSB CEN22FA405](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN22FA405), Sep 1, 2022: Cirrus SR22 (N420SS), Tomball, TX, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The flight instructor’s inadequate supervision of the flight, which allowed for an unintentional movement of the mixture control to the cutoff position that remained unnoticed until the airplane lost…
- [NTSB CEN22FA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN22FA100), Jan 14, 2022: Bell 407 (N167RL), Houma, LA, destroyed, 2 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s sudden loss of consciousness for undetermined reasons during cruise flight, which resulted in a loss of control and impact with terrain.
- [NTSB CEN22FA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN22FA021), Oct 27, 2021: Beech B36TC (N75RM), Lena, WI, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: Impairment and subsequent incapacitation of the pilot for reasons that could not be determined. The incapacitation resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel starvation. Likely contributing was…
- [NTSB CEN20LA407](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20LA407), Sep 21, 2020: Quicksilver MX II (UNREG), Marengo, IN, substantial damage. Probable cause: A loss of engine power due to carburetor icing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s decision to operate the airplane in conditions conducive to carburetor icing without a carburetor heating…
- [NTSB CEN20LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20LA122), Mar 17, 2020: Cessna 208 (N274PM), LaCrosse, KS, destroyed, 1 fatal. Probable cause: An infight loss of control as a result of pilot impairment, the cause of which could not be determined.
- [NTSB ERA20FA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20FA022), Oct 31, 2019: Beech 58 (N959CM), Ocala, FL, destroyed, 2 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane due to an acute medical event and/or his use of impairing medications.
- [NTSB CEN19FA259](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19FA259), Aug 8, 2019: Air Tractor AT502 (N6113C), Sumner, IA, destroyed, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s impairment by medical conditions and/or medications, which resulted in the airplane’s impact with power lines and terrain.

NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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