# Alertness/Fatigue, general - Type: NTSB finding subsection - Path: [Personnel issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02) › [Physical](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0201) › [Alertness/Fatigue](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/020135) › Alertness/Fatigue, general - NTSB code: 02013500 - Cases: 48 - In the probable cause: 40 - Fatal cases: 21 - All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02013500/cases.md - Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02013500/cases.md?cause=1 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02013500 ## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all) - 2008: 4 / 4 - 2009: 7 / 10 - 2010: 4 / 5 - 2011: 7 / 8 - 2012: 1 / 1 - 2013: 1 / 1 - 2015: 3 / 3 - 2016: 3 / 4 - 2017: 2 / 2 - 2018: 3 / 3 - 2020: 1 / 3 - 2022: 2 / 2 - 2023: 2 / 2 ## Defining events in these cases - [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 10 cases - [Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230): 6 cases - [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 5 cases - [Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120): 4 cases - [Landing gear not configured](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/095): 4 cases - [VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401): 2 cases - [Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241): 2 cases - [Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191): 2 cases - [Loss of lift](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/500): 1 cases - [Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490): 1 cases ## Aircraft models (registry) - [Robinson Helicopter R44](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44): 2 cases - [Eurocopter France AS350B2](https://openairdocs.org/model/eurocopter-france-as350b2): 1 cases - [Eurocopter AS 350 B2](https://openairdocs.org/model/eurocopter-as-350-b2): 1 cases - [Raytheon B200](https://openairdocs.org/model/raytheon-b200): 1 cases - [Piper PA 46-350P](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-46-350p): 1 cases - [Piper PA-36-300](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-36-300): 1 cases - [Piper PA-31-350](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-31-350): 1 cases - [Piper PA-28R-200](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28r-200): 1 cases - [Piper PA-28-161](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-161): 1 cases - [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140): 1 cases ## Other findings in the same cases - [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 16 cases - [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 10 cases - [Dark](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036020) (Environmental issues): 8 cases - [Directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020) (Aircraft): 6 cases - [Use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015) (Personnel issues): 5 cases - [Identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510) (Personnel issues): 5 cases - [Spatial disorientation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02022025) (Personnel issues): 5 cases - [Airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010) (Aircraft): 5 cases - [Performance/control parameters, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000) (Aircraft): 4 cases - [Monitoring equip/instruments](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021525) (Personnel issues): 3 cases ## Newest cases - [NTSB ERA24LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA24LA030), Oct 31, 2023: Cessna 172 (N140FS), Pembroke Pines, FL, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s loss of airplane control and descent into terrain due to spatial disorientation during a solo night cross country flight. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s self-reported… - [NTSB ERA23FA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA23FA164), Mar 25, 2023: Piper PA-28-161 (N21480), Johns Island, SC, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s decision to continue flight under visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in the pilot’s spatial disorientation and loss of control. Contributing to… - [NTSB ERA23FA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA23FA001), Oct 2, 2022: Cessna 172S (N262TA), Hermantown, MN, substantial damage, 3 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot’s loss of airplane control due to spatial disorientation during initial climb in dark night and low instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in a descent into terrain.… - [NTSB WPR22FA354](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR22FA354), Sep 22, 2022: Piper PA-28-140 (N7063R), Sisters, OR, destroyed, 1 fatal. Probable cause: The non-instrument-rated pilot’s flight into instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in spatial disorientation and a subsequent loss of airplane control. Contributing to the accident was… - [NTSB ERA20CA260](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20CA260), Jul 24, 2020: Robinson R44 (N350DM), Whitehall, MD, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to maintain adequate clearance from a known obstacle while landing from a hover. - [NTSB CEN20CA247](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20CA247), Jun 24, 2020: Cub Crafters CC19-180 (N97LL), Fredericksburg, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. The pilot being fatigued likely contributed to his failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. - [NTSB ANC20CA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC20CA032), Mar 10, 2020: Cessna 172 (N52168), Big Lake, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's improper decision to initiate the takeoff roll from a snow-covered taxiway, which resulted in a loss of directional control, runway excursion, and impact with a snow berm. - [NTSB GAA18CA577](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA577), Sep 18, 2018: Aviat A1 (N811YD), Grand Island, NE, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll in tailwind and crosswind conditions. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s fatigue. - [NTSB CEN18FA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18FA149), Apr 27, 2018: Eurocopter AS 350 B2 (N127LN), Hazelhurst, WI, destroyed, 3 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot's loss of helicopter control as a result of fatigue during cruise flight at night. - [NTSB GAA18CA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA174), Feb 20, 2018: Cessna P210 (N81MT), Jacksonville, FL, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear before landing. Contributing to the accident were pilot fatigue and his failure to use the before landing checklist. NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted. Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1). NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.