# Knowledge

- Type: NTSB finding section
- Path: [Personnel issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02) › [Experience/knowledge](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0203) › Knowledge
- NTSB code: 020320
- Cases: 175
- In the probable cause: 117
- Fatal cases: 32
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/020320/cases.md
- Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/020320/cases.md?cause=1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/020320

## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all)

- 2008: 7 / 9
- 2009: 7 / 8
- 2010: 7 / 8
- 2011: 9 / 10
- 2012: 3 / 9
- 2013: 5 / 6
- 2014: 6 / 8
- 2015: 9 / 13
- 2016: 5 / 7
- 2017: 4 / 7
- 2018: 8 / 12
- 2019: 4 / 5
- 2020: 2 / 4
- 2021: 4 / 7
- 2022: 7 / 16
- 2023: 10 / 16
- 2024: 10 / 14
- 2025: 8 / 11
- 2026: 2 / 5

## Findings

- [Knowledge of equipment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032015): 69 cases, 53 in the probable cause
- [Knowledge of procedures](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032010): 41 cases, 32 in the probable cause
- [Knowledge of meteorologic cond](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032020): 30 cases, 14 in the probable cause
- [Knowledge of geographic area](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032030): 24 cases, 15 in the probable cause
- [Aeronautical knowledge](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032035): 7 cases, 3 in the probable cause
- [Knowledge, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032000): 5 cases, 3 in the probable cause
- [Knowledge of regulatory reqs](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032025): 5 cases, 2 in the probable cause
- [Transfer of knowledge](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032040): 2 cases, 1 in the probable cause
- [Reading/language comprehension](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02032045): 2 cases, 0 in the probable cause

## Defining events in these cases

- [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 27 cases
- [Turbulence encounter](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/360): 13 cases
- [Fuel starvation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/191): 13 cases
- [Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192): 11 cases
- [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 7 cases
- [Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341): 7 cases
- [Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120): 7 cases
- [Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300): 6 cases
- [Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241): 6 cases
- [Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230): 6 cases

## Aircraft models (registry)

- [Cessna 172F](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172f): 4 cases
- [Robinson Helicopter R44 II](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44-ii): 3 cases
- [Piper PA-46-310P](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-46-310p): 3 cases
- [Diamond Aircraft Ind DA20-C1](https://openairdocs.org/model/diamond-aircraft-ind-da20-c1): 3 cases
- [Piper PA-28-180](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-180): 2 cases
- [Piper PA-18-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18-150): 2 cases
- [Airbus A320-232](https://openairdocs.org/model/airbus-a320-232): 2 cases
- [Cirrus Design SR22](https://openairdocs.org/model/cirrus-design-sr22): 2 cases
- [Cessna 340A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-340a): 2 cases
- [Cessna A185F](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-a185f): 2 cases

## Other findings in the same cases

- [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 41 cases
- [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 38 cases
- [Fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010) (Aircraft): 26 cases
- [Use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015) (Personnel issues): 18 cases
- [Airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010) (Aircraft): 18 cases
- [Incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015) (Personnel issues): 16 cases
- [Lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030) (Personnel issues): 14 cases
- [Total experience w/ equipment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031025) (Personnel issues): 10 cases
- [Performance/control parameters, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000) (Aircraft): 10 cases
- [Convective turbulence](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03032020) (Environmental issues): 9 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB WPR26LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR26LA176), May 3, 2026: Cameron Balloons US C-80 (N4022X), Rio Rancho, NM, no damage. Probable cause: The passenger’s improper hand placement on the basket upright during landing, which resulted in injury when the upright fractured during the basket’s bounce and drag sequence.
- [NTSB DCA26LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA26LA167), Mar 29, 2026: Boeing 787-9 (N23994), Pacific Ocean (Pacific Ocean), no damage. Probable cause: An unanticipated encounter with clear air turbulence while in cruise flight.
- [NTSB DCA26LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA26LA164), Mar 24, 2026: Boeing 737-8 (N17316), Dulles, VA, no damage. Probable cause: The tug drivers improper positioning of the airplane during pushback, which resulted in the airplane’s jet blast impacting an active gate area during taxi and the subsequent injury to a maintenance…
- [NTSB DCA26LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA26LA165), Mar 19, 2026: Airbus A320-232 (N605JB), Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic Ocean), no damage. Probable cause: The airplane’s encounter with turbulence resulted in serious injuries to a flight attendant who was not seated due to completion of arrival compliance checks.
- [NTSB CEN26LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN26LA117), Feb 13, 2026: Bellanca 8GCBC (N5071K), De Smet, SD, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during landing.
- [NTSB WPR25LA284](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA284), Sep 15, 2025: Cameron Balloons US A-225 (N980VA), Albuquerque, NM, no damage. Probable cause: The balloon pilot’s improper landing, which resulted in serious injury to a passenger. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s failure to brief the proper landing procedure.
- [NTSB CEN25LA377](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN25LA377), Sep 13, 2025: Cessna 172F (N7774A), Lancaster, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s inadequate fuel planning and failure to monitor the fuel consumption which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB CEN25LA337](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN25LA337), Aug 23, 2025: Bell OH-58A (N707EE), Caseville, MI, substantial damage. Probable cause: The front seat passenger’s inadvertent movement of the cyclic control resulting in a dynamic rollover after landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s decision to leave the dual flight…
- [NTSB DCA25LA267](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA25LA267), Jul 19, 2025: Boeing 787 (JA986A), North Charleston, SC, substantial damage. Probable cause: The ground crews improper parking of N247BZ, which left its tail protruding into the taxiway, and the JA986A flight crew’s failure to maintain adequate clearance while taxiing.
- [NTSB DCA25LA272](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA25LA272), Jul 17, 2025: Bombardier CL-600-2D24 (N330PQ), Germantown, KY, no damage. Probable cause: An inadvertent encounter with severe turbulence during descent.

NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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