# Understanding/comprehension

- Type: NTSB finding subsection
- Path: [Personnel issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02) › [Action/decision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0204) › [Info processing/decision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/020415) › Understanding/comprehension
- NTSB code: 02041515
- Cases: 70
- In the probable cause: 64
- Fatal cases: 21
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041515/cases.md
- Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041515/cases.md?cause=1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041515

## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all)

- 2008: 1 / 1
- 2009: 1 / 1
- 2010: 3 / 3
- 2011: 5 / 5
- 2012: 5 / 5
- 2013: 6 / 6
- 2014: 2 / 2
- 2015: 0 / 1
- 2016: 4 / 4
- 2017: 5 / 5
- 2018: 3 / 3
- 2019: 1 / 1
- 2020: 2 / 3
- 2021: 10 / 10
- 2022: 2 / 4
- 2023: 8 / 8
- 2024: 4 / 5
- 2025: 2 / 3

## Defining events in these cases

- [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 14 cases
- [Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341): 7 cases
- [Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120): 5 cases
- [Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300): 4 cases
- [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 3 cases
- [Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342): 3 cases
- [Prop/jet/rotor blast/suction](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/082): 3 cases
- [Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470): 2 cases
- [Powerplant sys/comp malf/fail](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340): 2 cases
- [Midair collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/250): 2 cases

## Aircraft models (registry)

- [Robinson Helicopter R44 II](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44-ii): 3 cases
- [Cessna 172M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172m): 3 cases
- [Cirrus Design SR22](https://openairdocs.org/model/cirrus-design-sr22): 2 cases
- [Cirrus Design SR20](https://openairdocs.org/model/cirrus-design-sr20): 2 cases
- [Waco YKC](https://openairdocs.org/model/waco-ykc): 1 cases
- [Socata TBM 700](https://openairdocs.org/model/socata-tbm-700): 1 cases
- [Aerospatiale AS350 B2 ECUREUIL](https://openairdocs.org/model/aerospatiale-as350-b2-ecureuil): 1 cases
- [Robinson Helicopter R22 MARINER](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r22-mariner): 1 cases
- [Piper PA 46-350P](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-46-350p): 1 cases
- [Piper PA-32-300](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32-300): 1 cases

## Other findings in the same cases

- [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 19 cases
- [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 18 cases
- [Airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010) (Aircraft): 13 cases
- [Identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510) (Personnel issues): 7 cases
- [Fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010) (Aircraft): 5 cases
- [Adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015) (Organizational issues): 4 cases
- [Conducive to carburetor icing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031030) (Environmental issues): 4 cases
- [Preflight inspection](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510) (Personnel issues): 4 cases
- [Directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020) (Aircraft): 4 cases
- [Use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015) (Personnel issues): 3 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB WPR26LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR26LA071), Dec 23, 2025: Cirrus Design SR22T (N272HM), Lake Elsinore, CA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s intentional deployment of the airframe parachute system due to task-saturation in instrument meteorological conditions.
- [NTSB ANC25LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC25LA043), May 28, 2025: Cessna 177RG (N2155Q), Snohomish, WA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s decision to continue the landing attempt with insufficient runway remaining, which resulted in a runway overrun and collision with a fence.
- [NTSB ANC25LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC25LA024), Mar 2, 2025: Piper PA-18-150 (N6999), Palmer, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to maintain an appropriate airspeed during the landing approach, which resulted in exceedance of the critical angle of attack and an aerodynamic stall, during gusting wind…
- [NTSB ANC24FA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC24FA102), Sep 24, 2024: Cessna 206 (N8255Q), Chalkyitsik, AK, substantial damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: A loss of engine power due to water-contaminated fuel as a result of the pilot’s inadequate preflight inspection. Contributing to the accident was the operator’s failure to ensure replacement filters…
- [NTSB ANC24LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC24LA079), Aug 18, 2024: Robinson Helicopter R44 II (N783AK), Palmer, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to follow the operator’s procedure manual and attempted to land at a remote landing zone in high wind conditions. Contributing factor was the pilot’s decision to not conduct a fly…
- [NTSB CEN24FA243](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN24FA243), Jun 30, 2024: Waco YKC (N14137), Selden, KS, substantial damage, 2 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot's inadvertent visual flight into instrument meteorological conditions, which had not been forecast at the time of departure, and which resulted in a loss of control due to spatial…
- [NTSB ERA24LA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA24LA230), May 26, 2024: Piper PA-28-151 (N33563), Hope Mills, NC, substantial damage. Probable cause: A loss of engine performance due to carbon fouling of three spark plugs that, when combined with the airplane’s high gross weight condition, resulted in a collision with trees and terrain.
- [NTSB ANC24LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC24LA016), Feb 20, 2024: Hughes 369D (N690WA), Hana, HI, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to ensure the passenger’s gear was properly secured before departure.
- [NTSB ERA24LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA24LA062), Dec 8, 2023: Cessna 172M (N955PT), Miami, FL, substantial damage. Probable cause: The business jet flight crew’s failure to appropriately position their airplane to mitigate the impact of their extended duration, high-power engine run, and their failure to adequately communicate…
- [NTSB WPR23LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR23LA315), Aug 10, 2023: Cessna 172M (N20268), Marysville, CA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The flight instructor’s failure to monitor the airplane’s speed during a high-speed taxi, resulting in a runway excursion.

NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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