# Visual approach aid

- Type: NTSB finding subsection
- Path: [Environmental issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03) › [Operating environment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0301) › [Approach aid coverage/avail](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/030120) › Visual approach aid
- NTSB code: 03012070
- Cases: 3
- In the probable cause: 2
- Fatal cases: 0
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03012070/cases.md
- Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03012070/cases.md?cause=1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03012070

## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all)

- 2016: 1 / 1
- 2019: 0 / 1
- 2022: 1 / 1

## Defining events in these cases

- [Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490): 1 cases
- [Landing area undershoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/370): 1 cases
- [Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092): 1 cases

## Aircraft models (registry)

- [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140): 1 cases
- [Cessna 182J](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182j): 1 cases

## Other findings in the same cases

- [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 2 cases
- [Descent/approach/glide path](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040) (Aircraft): 2 cases
- [Dark](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036020) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Low light](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036015) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Snow](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035045) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Ground vehicle](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022025) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Object/animal/substance, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022000) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Sloped/uneven terrain](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021017) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Approach lighting](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03012015) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Use of equip/info, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063000) (Personnel issues): 1 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB WPR23LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR23LA065), Dec 13, 2022: Piper PA42 (C-GZPU), Lewistown, MT, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident was the out of service visual glideslope indicator and snow obscuring the runway markings.
- [NTSB GAA19CA525](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA525), Sep 5, 2019: Cessna 182 (N2408Q), Charleston, WV, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's improper approach path at night and his misjudgment of the landing point, which resulted in landing short of the runway and impact with the runway's engineered materials arrestor system.
- [NTSB CEN16LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA097), Feb 1, 2016: Piper PA 28-140 (N1572J), Sturtevant, WI, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to maintain a proper glidepath during a landing at dusk, which resulted in impact with a moving ground vehicle. Contributing to the accident was the inoperative precision approach…

NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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