# Object/animal/substance, general

- Type: NTSB finding subsection
- Path: [Environmental issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03) › [Physical environment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0302) › [Object/animal/substance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/030220) › Object/animal/substance, general
- NTSB code: 03022000
- Cases: 224
- In the probable cause: 80
- Fatal cases: 7
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022000/cases.md
- Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022000/cases.md?cause=1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022000

## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all)

- 2008: 7 / 15
- 2009: 4 / 9
- 2010: 5 / 13
- 2011: 2 / 13
- 2012: 3 / 5
- 2013: 0 / 5
- 2014: 3 / 12
- 2015: 7 / 22
- 2016: 5 / 28
- 2017: 4 / 28
- 2018: 9 / 33
- 2019: 21 / 26
- 2020: 5 / 6
- 2021: 2 / 3
- 2022: 1 / 2
- 2023: 1 / 3
- 2025: 1 / 1

## Defining events in these cases

- [Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230): 58 cases
- [Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300): 22 cases
- [Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341): 21 cases
- [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 18 cases
- [Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490): 17 cases
- [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 10 cases
- [Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200): 7 cases
- [Landing area undershoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/370): 6 cases
- [Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342): 6 cases
- [Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470): 5 cases

## Aircraft models (registry)

- [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140): 4 cases
- [Cessna 180H](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-180h): 4 cases
- [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n): 4 cases
- [Piper PA-18-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18-150): 3 cases
- [Mooney M20J](https://openairdocs.org/model/mooney-m20j): 3 cases
- [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152): 3 cases
- [Stinson 108-3](https://openairdocs.org/model/stinson-108-3): 2 cases
- [Robinson Helicopter R44 II](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44-ii): 2 cases
- [Piper PA-32R-300](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32r-300): 2 cases
- [Piper PA-32-260](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-32-260): 2 cases

## Other findings in the same cases

- [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 98 cases
- [Directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020) (Aircraft): 61 cases
- [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 32 cases
- [Descent/approach/glide path](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040) (Aircraft): 25 cases
- [Monitoring environment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021545) (Personnel issues): 20 cases
- [Altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012) (Aircraft): 19 cases
- [Fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010) (Aircraft): 14 cases
- [Not determined, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000) (Not determined): 13 cases
- [Incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015) (Personnel issues): 11 cases
- [Gusts](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045) (Environmental issues): 10 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB WPR25LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA074), Jan 6, 2025: Piper PA-18-150 (N4644Y), Red Rock, MT, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during takeoff, which resulted in an impact with deep snow and vegetation.
- [NTSB ANC24FA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC24FA008), Dec 8, 2023: Piper PA-18-150 (N1880P), Anchor Point, AK, destroyed, 2 fatal. Probable cause: An impact to the left wing, at an undetermined time, for reasons that could not be determined, which partially separated the left wing and rendered the airplane uncontrollable.
- [NTSB WPR23FA289](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR23FA289), Jul 29, 2023: Cessna 177 (N3357T), Gillette, WY, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's decision to depart the high-density-altitude airport with the airplane at the maximum gross weight limit.
- [NTSB ERA23LA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA23LA215), Apr 24, 2023: Air Tractor AT-402A (N623LA), Good Hope, AL, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s decision to land on a runway where there was insufficient clearance from obstructions (wheat crop) to operate safely.
- [NTSB CEN22LA408](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN22LA408), Aug 25, 2022: Air Tractor AT-602 (N5951B), Murray, NE, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain airplane control during landing resulting in an impact with crop and a subsequent ground-loop. Contributing was the wet turf airstrip.
- [NTSB CEN22LA340](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN22LA340), Jul 25, 2022: Weatherly 620A (N4651W), Stewart, MN, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain adequate clearance from crops during an agricultural flight.
- [NTSB WPR22LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR22LA013), Oct 17, 2021: Cessna 172N (N832DC), Laurier, WA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The flight instructor’s delayed remedial action to prevent the airplane from landing long which, resulted in a runway overrun and collision with terrain.
- [NTSB WPR21LA351](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR21LA351), Sep 21, 2021: George A. Thiel Just Aircraft Highlander (N488VG), Monroe, WA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The in-flight malfunction of the throttle control pivot arm, which resulted in a total loss of engine power and the subsequent collision with terrain during the forced landing.
- [NTSB CEN21LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21LA128), Feb 13, 2021: Agustawestland Philadelphia AW119MKII (N352LL), Alexandria, MN, substantial damage. Probable cause: The helicopter’s impact with an object on departure that could not be determined.
- [NTSB CEN21LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21LA077), Dec 5, 2020: Robinson Helicopter R44 II (N371MP), Marietta, TX, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to see and avoid a transmission wire during takeoff.

NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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