# Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface, general

- Type: NTSB finding subsection
- Path: [Environmental issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03) › [Physical environment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0302) › [Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/030230) › Runway/land/takeoff/taxi surface, general
- NTSB code: 03023000
- Cases: 253
- In the probable cause: 123
- Fatal cases: 8
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023000/cases.md
- Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023000/cases.md?cause=1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03023000

## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all)

- 2008: 40 / 68
- 2009: 7 / 19
- 2010: 3 / 14
- 2011: 9 / 21
- 2012: 6 / 15
- 2013: 3 / 12
- 2014: 4 / 9
- 2015: 3 / 8
- 2016: 7 / 13
- 2017: 7 / 18
- 2018: 5 / 8
- 2019: 5 / 5
- 2020: 7 / 8
- 2021: 4 / 11
- 2022: 4 / 8
- 2023: 2 / 5
- 2024: 3 / 5
- 2025: 3 / 5
- 2026: 1 / 1

## Defining events in these cases

- [Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230): 45 cases
- [Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341): 25 cases
- [Collision during takeoff/land](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/490): 22 cases
- [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 20 cases
- [Nose over/nose down](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/096): 20 cases
- [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 14 cases
- [Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090): 13 cases
- [Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470): 10 cases
- [Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300): 8 cases
- [Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380): 6 cases

## Aircraft models (registry)

- [Piper PA-18-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18-150): 11 cases
- [Cessna 172N](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172n): 4 cases
- [Robinson Helicopter R22 BETA](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r22-beta): 3 cases
- [Piper PA-18](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18): 3 cases
- [Piper PA-12](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-12): 3 cases
- [Cessna A185E](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-a185e): 3 cases
- [Cessna 180H](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-180h): 3 cases
- [Air Tractor AT-401](https://openairdocs.org/model/air-tractor-at-401): 3 cases
- [Schweizer 269C](https://openairdocs.org/model/schweizer-269c): 2 cases
- [Robinson Helicopter R44 II](https://openairdocs.org/model/robinson-helicopter-r44-ii): 2 cases

## Other findings in the same cases

- [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 87 cases
- [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 68 cases
- [Directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020) (Aircraft): 38 cases
- [Tree(s)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020) (Environmental issues): 22 cases
- [Gusts](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034045) (Environmental issues): 11 cases
- [Identification/recognition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041510) (Personnel issues): 11 cases
- [Performance/control parameters, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000) (Aircraft): 11 cases
- [Tailwind](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034015) (Environmental issues): 10 cases
- [Not determined, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000) (Not determined): 9 cases
- [High density altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03031020) (Environmental issues): 9 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB WPR26LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR26LA184), May 11, 2026: Vans RV-6A (N333PK), Kooskia, ID, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s collision with a hole in the runway surface during the landing roll, which resulted in a nose over.
- [NTSB CEN26LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN26LA068), Dec 27, 2025: Kitfox Clasc IV-1200 (N239DA), Hudson, CO, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane during the landing roll.
- [NTSB WPR25LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA201), Jun 30, 2025: Lancair IV (N124GH), Alpine, WY, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s loss of visual reference during the landing approach which resulted in a collision with water.
- [NTSB WPR25LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR25LA189), Jun 25, 2025: American Eurocopter AS350B3 (N3951A), San Luis, AZ, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot receiving instruction’s failure to properly recover the helicopter during an autorotative landing and the instructor pilot’s failure to intervene, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CEN25LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN25LA152), Apr 9, 2025: Corben Junior ACE (N941KW), Jeanerette, LA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain airplane control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CEN25LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN25LA136), Mar 13, 2025: Cessna 175A (N8000T), Lakeview, AR, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot landed short of the runway.
- [NTSB ERA24FA318](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA24FA318), Jul 22, 2024: Beech A36 (N1089W), Ronkonkoma, NY, substantial damage, 2 fatal. Probable cause: A loss of engine power during initial climb for undetermined reasons. Contributing to the outcome was the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane following the loss of engine power and…
- [NTSB ANC24LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC24LA060), Jul 2, 2024: De Havilland DHC2 (N6LU), Susitna, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s selection of an unsuitable takeoff area, resulting in the floats contacting the shallow river bottom during takeoff, and a subsequent loss of control.
- [NTSB ANC24LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC24LA051), Jun 2, 2024: Morgan Edward L Edge X 582 (N7170A), Fairbanks, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s selection of an unsuitable landing site, resulting in a collision with a hole during landing rollout.
- [NTSB ANC24LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC24LA044), May 31, 2024: Jordan Harry James Sportsman 2+2 (N1314K), Fairbanks, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the takeoff roll.

NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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