# Pressures/demands, general

- Type: NTSB finding subsection
- Path: [Environmental issues](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03) › [Task environment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/0304) › [Pressures/demands](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/030420) › Pressures/demands, general
- NTSB code: 03042000
- Cases: 7
- In the probable cause: 4
- Fatal cases: 2
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03042000/cases.md
- Cases with it in the probable cause: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03042000/cases.md?cause=1
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03042000

## Cases per year (in the probable cause / all)

- 2008: 1 / 1
- 2009: 1 / 1
- 2015: 0 / 1
- 2016: 0 / 1
- 2017: 0 / 1
- 2019: 1 / 1
- 2021: 1 / 1

## Defining events in these cases

- [Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240): 3 cases
- [Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192): 2 cases
- [VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401): 1 cases
- [Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200): 1 cases

## Aircraft models (registry)

- [Piper PA-28-161](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-161): 1 cases
- [Cessna 182A](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-182a): 1 cases
- [Bell 412](https://openairdocs.org/model/bell-412): 1 cases
- [Thomas E Hudzinski BACKCOUNTRY SUPER CR](https://openairdocs.org/model/thomas-e-hudzinski-backcountry-super-cr): 1 cases
- [Gray James W RV-8](https://openairdocs.org/model/gray-james-w-rv-8): 1 cases
- [Driver Larry VANS RV-7](https://openairdocs.org/model/driver-larry-vans-rv-7): 1 cases
- [Agusta AW139](https://openairdocs.org/model/agusta-aw139): 1 cases
- [Agusta A109E](https://openairdocs.org/model/agusta-a109e): 1 cases

## Other findings in the same cases

- [Aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040) (Personnel issues): 3 cases
- [Adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015) (Organizational issues): 2 cases
- [Dark](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03036020) (Environmental issues): 2 cases
- [Decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520) (Personnel issues): 2 cases
- [Monitoring equip/instruments](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021525) (Personnel issues): 2 cases
- [Fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010) (Aircraft): 2 cases
- [Safety](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04024010) (Organizational issues): 1 cases
- [Clouds](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035025) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Wind, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034000) (Environmental issues): 1 cases
- [Traffic congestion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03014070) (Environmental issues): 1 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB CEN21LA336](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21LA336), Jul 23, 2021: Driver RV-7 (N977RV), Oshkosh, WI, substantial damage. Probable cause: The RV-8 pilot’s failure to account for the position of the RV-7 behind him during the landing roll in a staggered landing formation, which resulted in a ground collision of the two airplanes.…
- [NTSB ERA19FA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19FA210), Jul 4, 2019: Agusta AW139 (N32CC), Big Grand Cay, Bahamas, substantial damage, 7 fatal. Probable cause: The pilots’ decision to takeoff over water in dark night conditions with no external visual reference, which resulted in spatial disorientation and subsequent collision with the water. Also causal…
- [NTSB GAA17CA299](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA299), May 21, 2017: Thomas E Hudzinski Backcountry Super CR (N484WT), Talkeetna, AK, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain a proper airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB GAA17CA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA026), Oct 14, 2016: Piper PA 28 (N9097U), Latrobe, PA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot’s unstabilized approach, which resulted in the airplane’s wing striking the ground while the pilot was maneuvering to realign with the runway.
- [NTSB GAA15CA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA15CA230), Aug 17, 2015: Bell 412 (N412LA), Whittier, CA, substantial damage. Probable cause: The pilot's failure to appropriately monitor the helicopter's fuel supply, resulting in fuel exhaustion, loss of engine power, and an autorotation with a hard landing.
- [NTSB CEN09PA348](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN09PA348), Jun 10, 2009: Agusta A109E (N606SP), Santa Fe, NM, destroyed, 2 fatal. Probable cause: The pilot's decision to take off from a remote, mountainous landing site in dark (moonless) night, windy, instrument meteorological conditions. Contributing to the accident were an organizational…
- [NTSB MIA08LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA08LA180), Aug 30, 2008: Cessna 182A (N5927B), Elizabethtown, KY, substantial damage. Probable cause: A loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion. Contributing to the accident was pressure from the company for the pilot to fly the second load of skydivers without refueling.

NTSB has coded findings and defining events since 2008; earlier cases used its older occurrence and cause codes and aren't counted.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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