# NTSB investigations, AK: Standing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 1 of 3 · 115 cases

## Latest cases

- [NTSB ANC25LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC25LA097.md): Airbus Helicopters AS350B3e · Skwentna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Aug 20, 2025 · N589SH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s inadvertent entanglement of a lightweight Kevlar long line into the helicopters operating main rotor system, resulting in a severe imbalance and separation of the main rotor gearbox.
- [NTSB ANC20CA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC20CA068.md): Robinson R44 · Ketchikan, AK · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Data collection · Final report · Jul 10, 2020 · N878CB · Substantial damage
  > The crew leader's decision to throw a chainsaw bar into the moving arc of the main rotor blade.
- [NTSB GAA18CA534](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA534.md): Robinson R44 · Girdwood, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 30, 2018 · N99645 · Substantial damage
  > The fisherman's fishing rod striking the helicopter’s rotating main rotor disk during loading.
- [NTSB GAA18CA289](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA18CA289.md): Aerospatiale AS350 B2 Ecureuil · Yakutat, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 18, 2018 · N288CH · Substantial damage
  > The helicopter’s movement during startup in gusting wind conditions, which resulted in the main rotor striking the tailboom.
- [NTSB GAA16CA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA009.md): Robinson Helicopter R44 II · Ketchikan, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 6, 2015 · N779DZ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the engine start sequence, which resulted in the helicopter sliding on a steel deck and impacting a crane. Contributing to the accident was the absence of traction material on the helicopter…
- [NTSB ANC15LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC15LA035.md): Piper PA 18-150 · McCarthy, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 2015 · N985W · Minor damage
  > The pilot's failure to ensure adequate clearance from the spinning propeller while traversing the area between the leading edge of the wing and the nose of the airplane. Contributing to the accident was the decision to leave the cockpits of the airplanes…
- [NTSB ANC14CA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC14CA088.md): Piper PA 12 · Holy Cross, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 24, 2014 · N3148M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for takeoff/landing and failure to maintain control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB ANC14LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC14LA041.md): Airbus/Eurocopter AS 350 B3 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Jun 11, 2014 · N356EV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper engine start procedure, which resulted in an overspeed of the engine and main rotor drive system.
- [NTSB ANC12CA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC12CA100.md): Aerospatiale AS350 B2 · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 1, 2012 · N178CH · Substantial damage
  > The entanglement of a plastic tarp in the helicopter’s tail rotor after becoming dislodged from its securement.
- [NTSB ANC12CA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC12CA077.md): Bell 206L-3 · Circle, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 20, 2012 · N363AL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing.
- [NTSB ANC12CA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC12CA032.md): Robinson Helicopter R22 Alpha · Palmer, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 21, 2012 · N121MR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing, which resulted in a tailrotor strike.
- [NTSB ANC12CA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC12CA018.md): Robinson Helicopter R44 II · Beluga, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 21, 2012 · N4510T · Substantial damage
  > Ground personnel's movement of cargo in windy conditions, which allowed a previously secured cargo sack to blow into the main rotor blades.
- [NTSB ANC11LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC11LA108.md): Eurocopter AS 350 BA · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 2011 · N230CH · Substantial damage
  > Upslope wind conditions while the helicopter was operating at ground idle, which resulted in the helicopter rollover. Contributing to the accident was the lack of manufacturer data regarding the effect of upslope wind conditions on helicopter ground idle…
- [NTSB ANC11CA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC11CA056.md): Hughes 500D · Ambler, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 27, 2011 · C-GLHQ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misalignment of the helicopter on the landing structure.
- [NTSB ANC09CA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC09CA078.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Anchorage, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 9, 2009 · N95723 · Minor damage
  > The pilot's failure to remain clear of the propeller after starting the float-equipped airplane's engine by hand-propping.
- [NTSB ANC07LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07LA008.md): Boeing 747-228F · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 24, 2006 · N752SA · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the deicing truck crew to maintain sufficient distance from the parked airplane during deicing, which resulted in a collision and substantial damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB ANC06CA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC06CA053.md): Cessna 207 · Akiachak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 15, 2006 · N91099 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the driver of an all terrain vehicle to maintain adequate visual lookout while maneuvering on the ramp, which resulted in a collision with the parked accident airplane's elevator.
- [NTSB ANC05CA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC05CA084.md): Piper PA-18 · Pamler, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 11, 2005 · N5408Y · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to obtain/maintain adequate airspeed during takeoff-initial climb, which resulted in an in-flight collision with trees. Factors associated with the accident are a tailwind and diminished braking capability.
- [NTSB ANC04LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04LA079.md): Hughes 500D · Iliamna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 14, 2004 · C-GVHG · Substantial damage
  > The ground crew's failure to use proper procedures while securing a sling load to the helicopter, which resulted in foreign object damage to the helicopter's main rotor system while idling.
- [NTSB ANC04LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04LA077.md): Hughes 369D · Nome, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 11, 2004 · C-GLHQ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions while the helicopter was standing, which resulted in the coasting main rotor blade contacting the tail boom. A factor associated with the accident was the gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB ANC04IA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04IA058.md): Boeing 757-251 · Anchorage, AK · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 31, 2004 · N550NW · No damage
  > The failure of the flight attendant to follow the appropriate door opening procedure by remaining clear of the door handle when the passenger door was opened from the outside by customer service personnel, which resulted in a wrist injury to the flight…
- [NTSB ANC04LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04LA052.md): Douglas C-54B · McGrath, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 2004 · N44911 · Substantial damage
  > A fuel tank explosion in the left wing auxiliary fuel tank, and subsequent fuel fire that occurred during engine start for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB ANC03LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC03LA030.md): Cessna 208B · Russian Mission, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 30, 2003 · N1276P · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to use a tail stand while loading passengers, which resulted in the airplane's tail impacting the ground.
- [NTSB ANC02LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC02LA043.md): Robinson R-44 · Galena, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 7, 2002 · N7130G · Destroyed
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing which precipitated a grass fire. Factors contributing to the accident were the manufacturer's inadequate design of the helicopter's exhaust system, placing it low to the ground, and terrain conditions…
- [NTSB ANC02LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC02LA031.md): Cessna 172 · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 2002 · N6475E · Substantial damage
  > The pilots improper starting procedure. Factors associated with the accident are the continued operation of the airplane with a known mechanical deficiency, and failure to use wheel chocks and/or tie-down rope/straps to restrain the airplane during the engine…
- [NTSB ANC00FA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC00FA081.md): Cessna 337C · Marshall, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 2000 · N63MR · Destroyed
  > The pilot's attempted takeoff with known deficiencies in equipment (an inoperable rear engine) and an inadvertent stall. Factors associated with the accident were the pilot's improper retraction of the landing gear, his over confidence in the airplane's…
- [NTSB ANC99LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA129.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 1999 · N96921 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation, and improper starting procedure.
- [NTSB ANC99LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA107.md): de Havilland DHC-6-300 · Ketchikan, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1999 · N288SA · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > A failure of ground handling personnel to verify a release procedure/directive, and removal of the airplane's tiedown, and subsequent collision with a parked airplane.
- [NTSB ANC99LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA094.md): Piper PA-18 · Teller, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 19, 1999 · N3675P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper starting procedure.
- [NTSB ANC99TA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99TA090.md): Bell 206B · Deadhorse, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jul 8, 1999 · N47122 · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot-in-command to perform an adequate preflight inspection, and remove a rotor blade tie-down strap.
- [NTSB ANC98TA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98TA162.md): Hughes 369D · Homer, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Sep 27, 1998 · N1091P · Minor damage
  > The passenger not following the instructions given by the pilot. Contributing factors were the rising terrain and the pilot's diverted attention during the toe in landing.
- [NTSB ANC98TA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98TA125.md): Bell 206B II · Chickaloon, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Aug 15, 1998 · N70711 · Substantial damage
  > A fracture of the main rotor drag pin assembly.
- [NTSB ANC98IA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98IA026.md): Boeing 737-205 · Anchorage, AK · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1998 · N733AR · No damage
  > The dynamic imbalance in the yaw rate gyro, which provided input to the yaw damper and rudder. A factor was the deteriorated grease in the gyro bearings.
- [NTSB ANC96TA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC96TA092.md): Hughes 369D · Ketchikan, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jun 26, 1996 · N5125Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the helicopter. The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB ANC95LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA062.md): Aerospatiale AS-350-B2 · Skagway, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1995 · N60618 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing. Factors in the accident were the uneven and icy terrain.
- [NTSB ANC95LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA012.md): Bell 206 · Juneau, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1994 · N49686 · No damage
  > The employee's disregard for company training and policies about the dangers of helicopter rotor blades. The running aircraft with the rotors turning was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB ANC94LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA136.md): Cessna 140 · Willow, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1994 · N76680 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper starting procedures. Factors in the accident were the unavailability of a parking brake and tiedowns to secure the airplane.
- [NTSB ANC94FA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94FA089.md): Aerospatiale AS-350 · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1994 · N39GT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable landing terrain. A factor was the crevasse in the ice.
- [NTSB ANC94LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA064.md): Hiller FH1100 · Tyonek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 1994 · N746FH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing which resulted in a dynamic rollover. A factor was the soft landing area selected.
- [NTSB ANC93IA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93IA183.md): Cessna 180C · Anchorage, AK · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 1993 · N9211T · Minor damage
  > A frayed fuel hose.
- [NTSB ANC93LA171](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA171.md): Piper PA-12 · Ptarmigan Pass, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1993 · N3629M · No damage
  > The pilot inadvertently walked into a turning propeller. Factors in the accident were the soft runway which mired the airplane and the pilot's diverted attention during the attempt to free the airplane.
- [NTSB ANC93LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA105.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Gambell, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1993 · N4112D · No damage
  > Intentional personal injury. Factors in the accident were: the person's psychological condition, and the lack of sufficient procedures/airport staff by the operator(s).
- [NTSB ANC93LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA022.md): Cessna 172 · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 23, 1992 · N8739B · Substantial damage
  > Improper airport ramp operations, specifically, the vehicle driver's operation of a loaded forklift near taxiing aircraft and standing aircraft.
- [NTSB ANC92LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA090.md): McDonnell Douglas MD-500D · Polk Inlet, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 10, 1992 · N8395F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow proper procedure and the company's inadequate procedures and directives. A factor was the uneven terrain.
- [NTSB ANC90LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA078.md): Champion Aeronca 7DC · Elmendorf, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 1990 · N2759A · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to properly tie down and chock the aircraft and/or obtain proper assistance, and his failure to properly set the throttle, while hand propping to start the engine.
- [NTSB ANC89LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA180.md): Piper PA-18 · Windy Fork, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1989 · N4579A · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot.
- [NTSB ANC89LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA109.md): Piper PA-28 · Kenai, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1989 · N5302W · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to obtain proper assistance in starting the engine and/or his inadequate supervision. The passenger's lack of familiarity with the aircraft resulted in her improper use of the throttle which contributed to the accident.
- [NTSB ANC89IA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89IA032.md): Boeing 727-222 · Anchorage, AK · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 9, 1989 · N7298U · 2 aircraft · Minor damage
  > Improper placement of the 727 on the ramp and the failure of the 747 crew to maintain separation.
- [NTSB ANC89LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA014.md): Cessna TU206A · Soldotna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1988 · N4850F · Destroyed
  > The ATP certificated pilot and his two passengers were returning from a hunting trip when the turbocharged Cessna 206 caught fire soon after landing. The pilot stated that the engine quit during the landing roll and an attempt at restarting the engine as the…
- [NTSB SEA88LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA88LA127.md): Enstrom F-28F · Haines, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 13, 1988 · N8620C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot purchased the helicopter with an undocumented modification designed to restrain the collective. Reportedly, hereceived no guidance regarding the use of the collective hold-down device. According to the aircraft manufacturer there existed no Enstrom…

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/150/cases.md?state=AK&page=2

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventStateOrRegion" = 'AK' AND c."eventCountry" = 'USA'
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 150)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/150/cases?state=AK

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.
