# NTSB investigations, 1994: Standing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

## Latest cases

- [NTSB LAX95LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA045.md): Piper PA-23 · Oxnard, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1994 · N2027P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to ensure the aircraft was secured prior to attempting an engine start by handpropping.
- [NTSB CHI95LA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA049.md): Douglas DC-8-71F · Chicago, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 30, 1994 · N826BX · Minor damage
  > the failure of the ground crew to maintain an appropriate center of gravity while downloading cargo from the airplane. A factor was the ground crew's failure to follow established downloading procedures.
- [NTSB FTW95IA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95IA053.md): Boeing B-737-300 · Houston, TX · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1994 · N14336 · Minor damage
  > The failure of maintenance personnel to follow the taxi checklist resulting in the hydraulic pumps not being turned on.
- [NTSB MIA95LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA026.md): Boeing 727-100 · Miami, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1994 · HCBRF · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the truck driver to maintain visual lookout while operating his truck on an unlit ramp near an aircraft.
- [NTSB ANC95LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA012.md): Bell 206 · Juneau, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1994 · N49686 · No damage
  > The employee's disregard for company training and policies about the dangers of helicopter rotor blades. The running aircraft with the rotors turning was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB CHI95LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA029.md): Hughes 269C · Garden City, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 2, 1994 · N9294F · Substantial damage
  > inadvertant engagement of the rotor drive system, while the helicopter had been left unattended by the pilot.
- [NTSB BFO95LA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA002.md): Piper PA-28R-201T · Syracuse, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 10, 1994 · N38869 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot of the AG-5B, N1190L, to see and avoid the PA-28R, N38869. The dark night was a factor.
- [NTSB LAX94LA376](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA376.md): Cessna 182Q · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1994 · N96642 · No damage
  > the pilot's failure to shut down the engine before deplaning a passenger.
- [NTSB ATL94LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA178.md): Piper PA-28-235B · Kill Devil Hill, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 1994 · N622MK · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to assure that the passenger did not exit the airplane while the propeller was still turning.
- [NTSB ANC94LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA136.md): Cessna 140 · Willow, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1994 · N76680 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper starting procedures. Factors in the accident were the unavailability of a parking brake and tiedowns to secure the airplane.
- [NTSB LAX94LA347](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA347.md): Cessna 182P · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1994 · N58645 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to properly secure the aircraft prior to a start attempt by handpropping.
- [NTSB MIA94LA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA202.md): Taylorcraft BC-12-D · Punta Gorda, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1994 · N39283 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to tiedown the airplane prior to attempting an engine start by hand propping. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's complacency.
- [NTSB MIA94LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA190.md): Cessna 152 · Clearwater, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1994 · N67334 · Minor damage
  > The pilot-in-command's decision to intentionally exit the airplane with the engine running, and failure to maintain a clearance from the propeller. The improper aircraft preflight was a factor.
- [NTSB NYC94LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA144.md): de Havilland DHC-8-311 · Washington, DC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1994 · N433AW · Substantial damage
  > The vehicle operator's improper handling of the baggage tractor resulting in loss of control of a second baggage tractor being pushed and its subsequent collision with the airplane.
- [NTSB ANC94FA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94FA089.md): Aerospatiale AS-350 · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1994 · N39GT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable landing terrain. A factor was the crevasse in the ice.
- [NTSB NYC94LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA117.md): WSK PZL Wilga 80 · Churchville, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 11, 1994 · N7080B · No damage
  > Improper starting procedure by the pilot.
- [NTSB ANC94LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA064.md): Hiller FH1100 · Tyonek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 1994 · N746FH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing which resulted in a dynamic rollover. A factor was the soft landing area selected.
- [NTSB FTW94LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA180.md): Cessna 182A · Roland, AR · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 1994 · N3848D · Minor damage
  > Both the pilot and passenger's failure to follow procedure/directives.
- [NTSB SEA94FA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94FA121.md): Aero Commander 500A · Livermore, CA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 20, 1994 · N601MK · Destroyed
  > A fuel system leak, inadequate preflight by the pilot (PIC), and by the non-flying pilot/passenger intentionally allowing operation of the aircraft with a known deficiency (fuel leak). A factor related to the accident was: the lack of suitable terrain for a…
- [NTSB LAX94LA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA220.md): Robinson R22-B · Stockton, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1994 · N140PH · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > A failure of the pilot-in-command of a landing helicopter to maintain sufficient clearance from a second helicopter.
- [NTSB FTW94LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA182.md): Cessna 182P · Boerne, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 19, 1994 · N6504M · No damage
  > The pilot-in-command's inadequate supervision of his deplaning passenger.
- [NTSB FTW94LA148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA148.md): Cessna 140 · Lancaster, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1994 · N111NZ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to use tie downs and proper assistance during the hand propping engine start.
- [NTSB LAX94LA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA209.md): Cessna 182P · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1994 · N1454S · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to ensure that the magneto switch was in the off position prior to rotating the propeller by hand.
- [NTSB SEA94LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA105.md): Cessna 152 · Auburn, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1994 · N159BC · No damage
  > Clearance was not maintained by an other person. A factor to the accident was: procedures/directives were inadequate.
- [NTSB MIA94LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA118.md): Cessna 310J · Ocala, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1994 · N310JF · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to assure the generators were engaged before flight (failed to follow the checklist).
- [NTSB MIA94LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA096.md): Luscombe 8A · Wimauma, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1994 · N71891 · No damage
  > The failure of the person removing the chock to maintain sufficient clearance from the propeller. A contributing factor was the total lack of experience by person on ground.
- [NTSB LAX94LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA147.md): Cessna 150H · Sacramento, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N22682 · No damage
  > the child's disregard for prescribed safety procedures which was compounded by the diminishing lighting conditions existing at the time, and her lack of familiarity with an aviation environment.
- [NTSB NYC94LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA051.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Falls Of Rough, KY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1994 · N4487J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate tiedown and starting procedure which resulted in a runaway aircraft, which subsequently collided with a building.
- [NTSB NYC94LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA050.md): Bell 47G-5 · Plymouth, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1994 · N7043J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate clearance of the fuel truck from the aircraft, which resulted in the main rotor striking the fuel hose and truck during refueling operation. A factor was the pilot's failure to follow company policy pertaining to the…
- [NTSB LAX94LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA136.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Santa Rosa, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 1994 · N20BS · No damage
  > A failure of the pilot-in-command to ensure that the powerplant controls were configured properly before moving the aircraft propeller. Inadequate planning/decision making was a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB BFO94LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA041.md): Cessna 150 · Lima, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 1994 · N7843E · Minor damage
  > The failure of the passenger to maintain clerance from the propeller.
- [NTSB ATL94LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA042.md): Cessna 182D · Donalsonville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1994 · N8980X · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to clear the induction systems of excessive fuel.
- [NTSB BFO94LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA033.md): Cessna 152 · Georgetown, DE · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 21, 1994 · N95537 · No damage
  > The failure of ground personnel to maintain clearance from the engine propeller.
- [NTSB CHI94IA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94IA066.md): British Aerospace ATP · South Bend, IN · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 19, 1994 · N857AW · No damage
  > an internal failure of the auxiliary power unit.
- [NTSB MIA94IA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94IA043.md): Boeing 767-322 · Miami, FL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1994 · N648UA · No damage
  > Emergency procedure initiated by an unqualified person.

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE year(c."eventDate") = 1994
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 150)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/150/cases?year=1994

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OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.