# Pushback/towing

- Type: NTSB phase of flight (CICTT main phase)
- CICTT code: 200
- Cases: 133
- Fatal cases: 4
- In the older codes (1982 to 2007): 67
- All cases: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/200/cases.md
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/200

## Cases per year (current codes / all)

- 1982: 0 / 1
- 1983: 0 / 1
- 1985: 0 / 1
- 1987: 0 / 1
- 1988: 0 / 2
- 1989: 0 / 4
- 1991: 0 / 1
- 1992: 0 / 5
- 1994: 0 / 2
- 1995: 0 / 5
- 1996: 0 / 2
- 1997: 0 / 3
- 1998: 0 / 3
- 1999: 0 / 5
- 2000: 0 / 4
- 2001: 0 / 3
- 2002: 0 / 4
- 2003: 0 / 9
- 2004: 0 / 3
- 2005: 0 / 3
- 2006: 0 / 3
- 2007: 0 / 2
- 2008: 8 / 8
- 2009: 1 / 1
- 2010: 4 / 4
- 2011: 9 / 9
- 2012: 1 / 1
- 2013: 1 / 1
- 2014: 4 / 4
- 2015: 3 / 3
- 2016: 3 / 3
- 2017: 4 / 4
- 2018: 5 / 5
- 2019: 6 / 6
- 2021: 1 / 1
- 2022: 1 / 1
- 2023: 2 / 2
- 2024: 6 / 6
- 2025: 3 / 3
- 2026: 4 / 4

## CICTT sub-phases (1962 to 1981, 2008 on)

- Pushback/towing (200): 42 cases
- Pushback/tow-engine not oper (201): 12 cases
- Pushback/tow-engine start-up (202): 7 cases
- Pushback/tow-engine oper (203): 5 cases

## Older codes counted here (1982 to 2007)

- Taxi - pushback/tow (511): 67 cases

## Defining events in this phase (2008 on)

- [Ground handling event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/080): 24 cases
- [Ground collision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/200): 16 cases
- [Fire/smoke (non-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150): 7 cases
- [Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900): 4 cases
- [Aircraft structural failure](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/337): 3 cases
- [Landing gear collapse](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/094): 3 cases
- [Powerplant sys/comp malf/fail](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/340): 2 cases
- [Cabin safety event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/110): 2 cases
- [Medical event](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/850): 1 cases
- [Evacuation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/460): 1 cases

## In the probable cause (2008 on)

- [Lack of communication](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063510): 4 cases
- [Incorrect action selection](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041010): 4 cases
- [Task monitoring/vigilance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02021520): 4 cases
- [Towing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01010910): 4 cases
- [Adequacy of policy/proc](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/04021015): 2 cases
- [Use of policy/procedure](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063032): 2 cases
- [Use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): 2 cases
- [Task performance, general](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02060000): 2 cases
- [Incomplete action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041040): 2 cases
- [Incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015): 2 cases

## Aircraft models (registry, all years)

- [Boeing 737-7H4](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-737-7h4): 6 cases
- [Bombardier CL-600-2C10](https://openairdocs.org/model/bombardier-cl-600-2c10): 5 cases
- [Boeing 737-3B7](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-737-3b7): 3 cases
- [Mcdonnell Douglas MD-88](https://openairdocs.org/model/mcdonnell-douglas-md-88): 3 cases
- [Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-82(MD-82)](https://openairdocs.org/model/mcdonnell-douglas-dc-9-82-md-82): 3 cases
- [Boeing 757-2S7](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-757-2s7): 2 cases
- [Boeing 727-232](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-232): 2 cases
- [Boeing 727-264](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-264): 2 cases
- [Boeing 737-322](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-737-322): 2 cases
- [Boeing 727-233](https://openairdocs.org/model/boeing-727-233): 2 cases

## Newest cases

- [NTSB DCA26WA343](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA26WA343), Aug 24, 2026: Airbus A320 (VH-VFX), Mascot, Australia, incident
- [NTSB DCA26LA329](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA26LA329), Jul 19, 2026: Boeing 777 (HL7783), Boston, MA, investigation ongoing
- [NTSB DCA26WA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA26WA202), May 14, 2026: Boeing 747-428F (N903AR), Ciudad de la Costa, Uruguay, incident
- [NTSB DCA26WA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA26WA137), Feb 21, 2026: Boeing 737 (PH-BCL), Schiphol, Netherlands, substantial damage
- [NTSB DCA25WA250](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA25WA250), Jul 4, 2025: Boeing 737 (G-RUKN), Palma, Spain, no damage
- [NTSB DCA25WA166](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA25WA166), Mar 16, 2025: Boeing 787 (G-ZBLI), London, United Kingdom, occurrence, no damage
- [NTSB ENG25WA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ENG25WA017), Jan 21, 2025: Boeing 787 (PH-BHO), Santiago, Chile, incident, minor damage
- [NTSB DCA25WA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA25WA036), Nov 11, 2024: Boeing 787 (CN-RGB), Casablanca, Morocco, incident, minor damage
- [NTSB DCA25WA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA25WA014), Oct 25, 2024: Boeing 787 (A7-BCV), Doha, Qatar, incident, minor damage
- [NTSB DCA24WA287](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA24WA287), Jul 29, 2024: Airbus A319 (PT-TMT), Sao Paulo, Brazil, incident, minor damage

From 1962 to 1981 and from 2008 on, NTSB codes phases with the CICTT phases; from 1982 to 2007 with its older phase codes, counted under the CICTT main phase each maps to. Each case counts once, on its first aircraft: by its defining event's phase from 2008, its first event's before 1982, and its first occurrence's from 1982 to 2007. Compare years within an era: a first occurrence (1982 to 2007) is often in flight, before the landing, so landings count lower then.

Findings: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings.md. Defining events: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events.md. Phases of flight: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases.md. Every investigation, filtered by finding, event, phase, state, year or model: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb.md (for example ?state=MI&fatal=1).

NTSB's definitions: Accident and incident, 49 CFR 830.2 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-VIII/part-830/subpart-A/section-830.2), CICTT occurrence categories (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/OccurrenceCategoryDefinitions.pdf), CICTT phases of flight (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/safety/data/Documents/datafiles/PhaseofFlightDefinitions.pdf), and NTSB coding manual, before 2008 (PDF) (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). NTSB publishes no definitions for its findings, only their names.

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