# NTSB investigations, SD: Taxi

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

## Latest cases

- [NTSB CEN23LA334](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN23LA334.md): Air Tractor AT802 · Aberdeen, SD · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Jul 27, 2023 · N8503W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control while taxiing with a quartering tailwind, which resulted in a ground loop.
- [NTSB CEN21LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN21LA022.md): Cessna 182Q · Spearfish, SD · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 18, 2020 · N97875 · Substantial damage
  > The snowplow driver’s failure to see the airplane which resulted in a collision with the airplane.
- [NTSB CEN18LA164](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN18LA164.md): Beech 1900C · Sioux Falls, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 2018 · N172GA · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the right main landing gear drag brace bolt for reasons that could not be determined based on the available information.
- [NTSB CHI03LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI03LA178.md): Champion 7GCBC · Buffalo, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 2003 · N9032L · Substantial damage
  > The instructor pilot's inadequate remedial action to the dual student's loss of aircraft control during high speed taxiing which lead to the inadvertent ground loop/swerve. A factor was the student not maintaining aircraft control.
- [NTSB CHI03LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI03LA042.md): Champion 7ECA · Faulkton, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 2002 · N2557F · Substantial damage
  > The directional control not maintained during an after landing taxi on the runway by the student pilot. The student pilot's lack of experience and downhill terrain off the runway were contributing factors.
- [NTSB CHI02LA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI02LA125.md): Cessna 172 · Redfield, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 2002 · N6422E · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to maintain directional control while taxing to takeoff in high and gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI98LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA117.md): Taylorcraft BC12-65 · Vernillion, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1998 · N34066 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure (or inability) to properly compensate for wind conditions, while taxiing. Factors associated with the accident were: the sandy terrain, and the gusty tailwind condition.
- [NTSB CHI97LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI97LA109.md): Cessna 421C · Pierre, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1997 · N283PT · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadvertent activation of the number one throttle/power control. Factors were: the pilot left the cockpit unattended with the engines running and a wet ramp.
- [NTSB CHI93LA221](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA221.md): Cessna 172 · Rapid City, SD · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 23, 1993 · N5435E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's inadequate compensation for wind conditions.
- [NTSB DEN90LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA038.md): Cessna 182M · Pierre, SD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 11, 1990 · N70844 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate compensation for the wind conditions by the pilot. An on ground encounter with wind gusts is considered an additional cause.
- [NTSB DEN82DA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82DA083.md): Cessna 172 · Sturgis, SD · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 10, 1982 · N5266J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot landed in an open field to go to an auction. When he taxied back downwind to start his takeoff, the wind was gusting to 28 knots. The pilot estimated that he was moving about 15 mph as he turned to head back into the wind. As he started a right…
- [NTSB DEN81FTK17](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN81FTK17.md): Hiller Acft FH1100 · Sioux Falls, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jul 31, 1981 · N4258V · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC79FTK03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC79FTK03-133459.md): Amer Avco AA-1A · Redfield, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Oct 21, 1979 · N9248L · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC78FTK33](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC78FTK33.md): Cessna A188B · Doland, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jul 28, 1978 · N731LH · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC78FTK15](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC78FTK15.md): Cessna 150 · Sturgis, SD · Accident · Minor injuries · Closed · May 12, 1978 · N6278S · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC77FTK02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC77FTK02.md): Piper PA-32 · Dell Rapids, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Oct 24, 1976 · N16415 · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC76DTK22](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC76DTK22.md): Cessna 172E · Sioux Falls, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Apr 16, 1976 · N3883S · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC76FTK06](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC76FTK06.md): Cessna 172M · Rapid City, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Sep 19, 1975 · N6782H · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC75DTK14](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC75DTK14.md): Bellanca 7ACA · Madison, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Mar 4, 1975 · N9156L · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC75DTK11](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC75DTK11.md): Piper PA-28 · Iroquis, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jan 17, 1975 · N5141W · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC74DTK10](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC74DTK10.md): Cessna 172F · Hot Springs, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Feb 8, 1974 · N8307U · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC72DTK17](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC72DTK17.md): Aeronca 7BCM · Huron, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jan 6, 1972 · N4256E · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC70D0172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC70D0172.md): Champion 7EC · Pierre, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Aug 29, 1969 · N8973R · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC69D0468](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC69D0468.md): Cessna 172K · Martin, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · May 7, 1969 · N46474 · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC69D0275](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC69D0275.md): Cessna 210 · Watertown, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 4, 1968 · N9684X · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC68D0576](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC68D0576.md): Cessna 182 · Mitchell, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · May 10, 1968 · N461VY · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC68F0491](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC68F0491.md): Cessna 150G · Rapid City, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Mar 30, 1968 · N3613J · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC68F0148](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC68F0148.md): Aero Comdr 500 · Watertown, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jul 6, 1967 · N8437C · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67F0609](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67F0609.md): Erco 415-C · Hot Springs, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · May 15, 1967 · N3130H · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67F0465](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67F0465.md): Mooney M20A · Huron, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Feb 16, 1967 · N6054X · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67F0427](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67F0427.md): Cessna 180 · Newell, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jan 24, 1967 · N3141D · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67D0314](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67D0314.md): Cessna 172 · Rapid City, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Nov 29, 1966 · N7004A · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67D0293](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67D0293.md): Piper PA-22 · Spearfish, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Nov 16, 1966 · N4966Z · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67D0226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67D0226.md): Mooney M20C · Pickstown, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Sep 24, 1966 · N6430U · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67D0256](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67D0256.md): Piper PA-22 · Ft.Thompson, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Aug 3, 1966 · N1790P · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC67D0100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC67D0100.md): Piper PA-22 · Milesville, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jul 28, 1966 · N2639P · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC66D0432](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC66D0432.md): Piper PA-18 · Summit, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Feb 18, 1966 · N6980D · Substantial damage
- [NTSB MKC66D0199](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC66D0199.md): Piper PA-18A · Redfield, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jul 30, 1965 · N9774D · Substantial damage
- [NTSB UNK64X4114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X4114.md): Champion 7FC · Sioux Falls, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Sep 23, 1964 · N9866B · Substantial damage
- [NTSB UNK64X4113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X4113.md): Piper PA22 · Watertown, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Sep 23, 1964 · N2464A · Substantial damage
- [NTSB UNK64X2753](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X2753.md): Cessna 182 · Chamberlain, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Jul 10, 1964 · N3698U · Substantial damage
- [NTSB UNK64X1508](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X1508.md): Piper PA12 · Sioux Falls, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Apr 29, 1964 · N3356N · Substantial damage
- [NTSB UNK64X1452](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X1452.md): Aeronca 7AC · Clark, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Apr 25, 1964 · N83780 · Substantial damage
- [NTSB UNK64X1402](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X1402.md): Cessna 180 · Ipswich, SD · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Apr 21, 1964 · N6477X · Substantial damage

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventStateOrRegion" = 'SD' AND c."eventCountry" = 'USA'
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 250)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/250/cases?state=SD

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OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.