# NTSB investigations, MA: Takeoff

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 1 of 3 · 142 cases

## Latest cases

- [NTSB ERA26LA305](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26LA305.md): Barry Lynn Kromer Zenith Cruzer · Chatham, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Preliminary report · Aug 14, 2026 · N673BK · Substantial damage
  > On August 14, 2026, about 1040 eastern daylight time, an experimental amateur-built Zenith Cruzer, N673BK, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Chatham, Massachusetts. The pilot and the pilot-rated passenger received minor…
- [NTSB ERA26FA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA26FA011.md): Socata TBM 700 · Dartmouth, MA · Accident · 2 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Preliminary report · Oct 13, 2025 · N111RF · Substantial damage
  > On October 13, 2025, at about 0815 eastern daylight time, a Socata TBM 700C2, N111RF, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Dartmouth, Massachusetts. The private pilot and the passenger were fatally injured and an automobile…
- [NTSB ERA25LA322](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA25LA322.md): Cessna 182 · Edgartown, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Aug 19, 2025 · N691DM · Substantial damage
  > The accident was the pilot’s failure to properly configure the airplane for a soft-field takeoff, which resulted in his decision to abort the takeoff and the subsequent runway overrun.
- [NTSB DCA23LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA23LA192.md): Learjet 60 · Boston, MA · Incident · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Feb 27, 2023 · N280LJ · 2 aircraft · No damage
  > The Hop-a-Jet flight crew taking off without a takeoff clearance which resulted in a conflict with a JetBlue flight that had been cleared to land on an intersecting runway.
- [NTSB ERA22LA270](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA22LA270.md): Burrill Steven E A Plane · Middleboro, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Jun 11, 2022 · N51324 · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined.
- [NTSB ERA21LA329](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA21LA329.md): Alexander Schleicher ASW 27-18 · Sterling, MA · Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report · Jul 15, 2021 · N129MG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain the glider’s stability in the roll axis during the takeoff roll, which resulted in a dragged wingtip and ground loop.
- [NTSB ERA21LA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA21LA177.md): Forisch Edward Bushby Mustang M II · Worcester, MA · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Apr 6, 2021 · N61EF · Substantial damage
  > Binding of the left aileron bellcrank push/pull rod, which resulted in an uncommanded right turn.
- [NTSB ERA20LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20LA126.md): Piper PA28 · Beverly, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Mar 12, 2020 · N656ST · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to carburetor icing, and the student pilot’s failure to utilize carburetor heat in conditions conducive to carburetor icing.
- [NTSB GAA19CA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA195.md): Robinson R44 · Taunton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 2, 2019 · N344R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to land with a gusting left quartering tailwind and his subsequent attempt to reposition the helicopter and take off, which resulted in a dynamic rollover.
- [NTSB ERA18LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA18LA023.md): Great Lakes 2T1A · Montague, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 2, 2017 · N3512L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the attempted takeoff, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB ERA17LA329](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA17LA329.md): Cessna 402 · Nantucket, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 2017 · N836GW · Substantial damage
  > The separation of the pushrod from the elevator trim tab actuator, which rendered controlled flight impossible. Contributing to the separation of the pushrod was the failure of maintenance personnel to properly secure it to the elevator trim tab actuator.
- [NTSB GAA17CA429](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA429.md): Cirrus Design SR22 · Edgartown, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 23, 2017 · N831SR · Substantial damage
  > The airplane’s collision with geese during the takeoff roll.
- [NTSB GAA17CA326](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA17CA326.md): Cessna 150 · Newburyport, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 4, 2017 · N6511S · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's decision to attempt to close the cockpit window during takeoff and his subsequent failure to maintain directional control.
- [NTSB GAA15CA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA15CA253.md): Air Creation USA Skypper · Stow, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 29, 2015 · N534AC · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper directional control inputs during the takeoff roll, resulting in a roll over and collision with terrain.
- [NTSB ERA15LA266](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA15LA266.md): Grumman American Avn. AA 5 · Southbridge, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 13, 2015 · N1356R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s decision to abort the takeoff with insufficient runway remaining, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB ERA14CA352](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14CA352.md): Cessna 172M · Chatham, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 22, 2014 · N1066R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during takeoff, resulting in a runway excursion and collision with trees.
- [NTSB ERA14MA271](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA14MA271.md): Gulfstream Aerospace G IV · Bedford, MA · Accident · 7 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Jun 1, 2014 · N121JM · Destroyed
  > The flight crewmembers' failure to perform the flight control check before takeoff, their attempt to take off with the gust lock system engaged, and their delayed execution of a rejected takeoff after they became aware that the controls were locked.…
- [NTSB ERA13CA415](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA13CA415.md): Hawker Beechcraft G36 · Edgartown, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 8, 2013 · N771WG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to achieve a proper takeoff profile prior to raising the landing gear resulting in a collision with terrain.
- [NTSB ERA13LA360](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA13LA360.md): Quest Kodiak 100 · Westport, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 2013 · N10PZ · Substantial damage
  > A failure to achieve a positive climb rate after takeoff for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination of the airframe and engine did not reveal any mechanical malfunctions or anomalies that would have precluded normal operation.
- [NTSB ERA12CA377](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA377.md): Grumman American Avn. AA-1B · Lawrence, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 31, 2012 · N1608R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed decision to abort the takeoff, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB ERA12CA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA220.md): American Champion 8KCAB · Beverly, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 4, 2012 · N7DF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of airplane control during takeoff, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB ERA12CA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA118.md): Cessna 120 · Montague, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 17, 2011 · N89809 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in performing a rejected takeoff after experiencing an intermittent loss of engine power, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB ERA09LA358](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA09LA358.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Plymouth, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 20, 2009 · N29496 · Substantial damage
  > The CFI's inadequate preflight planning and delay to abort the takeoff from the soft takeoff area.
- [NTSB OPS09IA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/OPS09IA008.md): Airbus A320 · Boston, MA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 2009 · N662AW · No damage
  > The vehicle operator's failure to follow the designated haul route to the construction site and his failure to adhere to airport driving procedures, which led to missed visual cues and lack of required communication prior to crossing the active runway.…
- [NTSB ERA09CA251](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA09CA251.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Southbridge, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 18, 2009 · N96552 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the gusting wind conditions.
- [NTSB NYC08FA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC08FA218.md): Dehavilland DHC6 · Hyannis, MA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 2008 · N656WA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to remove the flight control lock prior to takeoff. Contributing to the accident was the Federal Aviation Administration's failure to issue an airworthiness directive making the manufacturer's previously-issued flight control lock service…
- [NTSB MIA08CA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA08CA045.md): Cessna 172P · Northampton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 26, 2007 · N5425K · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the takeoff roll and inadequate supervision by the CFI.
- [NTSB NYC07CA225](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07CA225.md): Piper J3L-65 · Stow, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 13, 2007 · N30926 · Substantial damage
  > A partial loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ATL07CA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07CA114.md): Waco Classic YMF-5 · Nantucket, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 14, 2007 · N801TS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during takeoff roll, which resulted in an on ground collision with an airport sign.
- [NTSB NYC06CA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06CA065.md): Cessna A185F · Pembroke, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 29, 2006 · N7574N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control during the takeoff roll, which resulted in a ground loop and subsequent impact with trees. A factor was the soft runway as reported by the pilot.
- [NTSB NYC06LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06LA039.md): Rogers Lancair 360 · Vineyard Haven, MA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 2005 · N360JR · Destroyed
  > A loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB NYC05IA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC05IA095.md): Airbus Industrie A330-301 · Boston, MA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 2005 · EI-ORD · 2 aircraft · No damage
  > The local east controller's failure to follow FAA Order 7110.65, para 3-9-8 and Boston Tower Order 7110.11, Standard Operating Procedures, which resulted in a runway incursion during takeoff involving two transport category airplanes.
- [NTSB NYC05CA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC05CA019.md): Vigneau RAF 2000 GTX · Chatham, MA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 21, 2004 · N9327B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during a takeoff. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's lack of experience in gyroplanes.
- [NTSB NYC01LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01LA195.md): Fairchild M-62A-3 · Hanson, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 2001 · N9515H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during the takeoff.
- [NTSB NYC00LA252](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC00LA252.md): Piper PA-60-601P · Northampton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 2000 · N601WK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper preflight planning which resulted in an attempted takeoff from a taxiway. A factor in the accident was the fog.
- [NTSB NYC99LA204](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA204.md): Robinson R-22 · Mansfield, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1999 · N20879 · Substantial damage
  > Was the student pilot's failure to maintain lateral control of the helicopter while bringing it to a hover. A factor in the accident was the student pilot's lack of total experience in helicopters.
- [NTSB NYC98LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA126.md): Piper PA-24-180 · Taunton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 10, 1998 · N6977P · Substantial damage
  > a delayed decision by the pilot to abort the takeoff, which resulted in an overrun. A factor was false reading from the airspeed indicator.
- [NTSB IAD97LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD97LA101.md): Piper PA-28R-180 · Edgartown, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 19, 1997 · N4530J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control. Related factors were the crosswind, wind gusts and high vegetation.
- [NTSB NYC97LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC97LA028.md): Cessna 152 · Mansfield, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 11, 1996 · N68180 · Substantial damage
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the takeoff roll, which resulted in the airplane veering into a snowbank. The proximity of the snowbank was a related factor.
- [NTSB BFO95LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA046.md): Schweizer SC2-33A · North Adams, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1995 · N5725S · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the tow rope during the initial climb. Related factors are the gusty wind conditions, the low altitude at which the failure occurred, the tailwind during the emergency landing roll, and the CFI's intentional ground loop due to the obstacle…
- [NTSB BFO94LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA151.md): Grumman G-44 · Nantucket, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1994 · N1471N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control. A factor in the accident was the rough water.
- [NTSB NYC94LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA042.md): Piper PA-32-R-301T · Norwood, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 19, 1993 · N8210H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in aborting the takeoff which resulted in a overrun of the runway. Factors were a snow covered runway, takeoff speed not attained, brakes not used, and a ditch.
- [NTSB BFO93LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA127.md): Cessna 172P · Edgartown, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 18, 1993 · N52858 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain directional control during takeoff. Other related factors were: the tailwind, and the gross weight of the airplane being exceeded.
- [NTSB NYC93LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA131.md): Piper PA-32 · Spencer, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 1993 · N3490W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning for the high density altitude departure and the delay in aborting the takeoff roll, with insufficient runway remaining, resulting in a collision with trees
- [NTSB NYC93LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA061.md): Cessna 152 · Orange, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1993 · N24908 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain control of the airplane resulting in the airplane departing the runway and impacting with a snow bank.
- [NTSB BFO92LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO92LA113.md): Stinson JR.SR. · Hanson, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 26, 1992 · N13462 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot inadequate compensation for wind which resulted in the loss of directional control.
- [NTSB BFO92LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO92LA108.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Marston Mills, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1992 · N8358P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight preparation. Contributing was the pilot's failure to use all available runway and overconfidence in his own abilities.
- [NTSB NYC91IA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91IA137.md): Boeing 727-214 · Boston, MA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jun 6, 1991 · N750UA · Minor damage
  > The failure of the third stage turbine blade on the number two engine, due to high cycle fatigue.
- [NTSB NYC91LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA105.md): Cessna 170B · Newburyport, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1991 · N3108A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failing to compensate adequately for adverse wind conditions during takeoff.
- [NTSB NYC91LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA066.md): Schweizer SGS 2-33A · Williamstown, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 26, 1991 · N5763S · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to retract the speed brakes during the preflight, which resulted in the tow airplane being unable to attain sufficient altitude prior to releasing the glider, and the subsequent landing of the glider on unsuitable terrain.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300/cases.md?state=MA&page=2

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."eventStateOrRegion" = 'MA' AND c."eventCountry" = 'USA'
  AND c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 300)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300/cases?state=MA

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.