# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 114 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB FTW96LA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA008.md): Bell 47-G2 · Freer, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1995 · N4423 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the power lines due to his improper takeoff technique. A factor was the helicopter induced blowing dust which impaired the pilot's visibility.
- [NTSB FTW96LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW96LA007.md): Grumman G-164A · Hamburg, AR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 5, 1995 · N9873 · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power due to a cylinder failure. A factor relating to the accident was: the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB NYC96LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC96LA001.md): Cheney Avid Flyer · Newton, NH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1995 · N29GC · Substantial damage
  > The seizure of a piston during the takeoff climb, resulting in a loss of engine power, forced landing, and subsequent collision with trees.
- [NTSB MIA96LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA96LA001.md): Clapp KR-2 · Jacksonville, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 2, 1995 · N2CC · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation, failure to ensure proper weight and balance of the airplane, and failure to obtain or maintain sufficient airspeed during takeoff, which resulting in a stall and collision with wooded terrain.
- [NTSB SEA96LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA96LA001.md): Rasmussen Kitfox 2 · Battle Ground, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 1995 · N488WR · Destroyed
  > failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed during the initial climb after takeoff, which resulted in a stall/mush and subsequent collision with trees and the ground.
- [NTSB LAX95LA345](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA345.md): Pro-built Kitfox IV Speedster · Lakeport, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 30, 1995 · N42RA · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper installation of the carburetors.
- [NTSB LAX95LA344](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA344.md): Cessna 172H · St. Johns, AZ · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 29, 1995 · N8034L · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to assure that the seat adjustment pin was properly engaged prior to takeoff.
- [NTSB MIA95FA239](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95FA239.md): Beech 58 · Greer, SC · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 1995 · N4095A · Destroyed
  > operation of the aircraft by the pilot with a known deficiency (failed mixture control linkage in the right engine), which resulted in loss of power in the right engine; and his failure to maintain control of the airplane during the initial climb after…
- [NTSB MIA95LA236](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA236.md): Bell 47G-3B1 · Union Church, MS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1995 · N92HA · Substantial damage
  > inadequate maintenance lubrication and inspection of the main rotor head which resulted in the separation of a rod end bearing.
- [NTSB MIA95IA238](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95IA238.md): Boeing 737-400 · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Sep 26, 1995 · N404KW · No damage
  > Inadequate written maintenance procedures addressing steps to be followed in the event of a component failure during an engine wash. The emergency slides failed to deploy due to improper installation by company maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB BFO95FA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95FA097.md): Beech F33A · Farmingdale, NY · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 24, 1995 · N3176G · Destroyed
  > failure of the pilot to maintain pitch control of the airplane during the initial climb after lift-off, which resulted in a steep climb, loss of airspeed, and a resultant stall/spin and subsequent crash. A factor relating to the accident was: failure of the…
- [NTSB ANC95LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA172.md): Maule M-7-235 · Aniak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1995 · N56564 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate weather evaluation. Factors associated with the accident were: the box canyon, rising terrain, wind gusts, and downdrafts.
- [NTSB NYC95LA223](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA223.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Auburn, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1995 · N4319T · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. The lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB SEA95LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA217.md): Schweizer SGS 1-26B · Morgan, UT · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1995 · N2478W · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed, while maneuvering to land after a low altitude tow release, which resulted in a stall/spin and collision with terrain.
- [NTSB LAX95LA336](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA336.md): Sjostrand Wheeler Express · Mariposa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1995 · N360EZ · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's premature rotation and liftoff, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and subsequent hard touchdown.
- [NTSB FTW95LA395](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA395.md): Sinclair 1100R · Guthrie, OK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 14, 1995 · N9264C · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed resulting in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB MIA95LA221](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA221.md): Beech 77 · Hendersonville, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1995 · N6721D · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to perform preflight weight and balance calculations resulting in the airplane exceeding the maximum gross takeoff weight limitations.
- [NTSB LAX95LA333](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA333.md): Beech 23 · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1995 · N2382J · Destroyed
  > the loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. The soft and rough nature of the terrain available for the forced landing was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB FTW95LA388](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA388.md): Beech A36 · Broomfield, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1995 · N3697A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind conditions, and his failure to maintain proper alignment with the runway after lift-off. A factor relating to the accident was: the unfavorable wind condition (gusty crosswind).
- [NTSB NYC95MA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95MA220.md): Beech 65 · West Point, VA · Accident · 12 fatal · Major investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1995 · N945PA · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight/preparation, his failure to ensure proper weight and balance of the airplane, and his failure to obtain/maintain minimum control speed, which resulted in a loss of aircraft control after loss of power in one engine. A factor…
- [NTSB NYC95FA221](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95FA221.md): Robinson R-22 Beta · Akron, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1995 · N22BX · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control of the rotor RPM, and his improper remedial action, which resulted in the rotor stalling. A contributing factor was the pilot's lack of recent experience in helicopters, and his lack of total experience in make and…
- [NTSB MIA95LA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA220.md): Siai-Marchetti SF.260TP · Lakeland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1995 · N915WJ · Substantial damage
  > Water contamination in the fuel, and an inadequate preflight inspection by the pilot, which resulted in a loss of engine power.
- [NTSB MIA95LA219](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA219.md): American AA-1 · Sarasota, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1995 · N112FA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to abort the takeoff resulting in a premature takeoff, and subsequent in-flight collision with terrain. The pilot's failure to perform the necessary performance data computations for the flight and his diverted attention due to…
- [NTSB CHI95LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA315.md): Piper PA-38 · Milwaukee, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1995 · N2596N · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's premature liftoff which resulted in a stall.
- [NTSB CHI95LA316](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA316.md): Cessna 188 · Greenville, MI · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1995 · N5623J · Destroyed
  > pilot incapacitation.
- [NTSB FTW95FA380](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95FA380.md): Grumman American AA-5A · Midland, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1995 · N9642U · Destroyed
  > the pilot's selection of a downwind runway for takeoff. Factors were the tailwind, the density altitude, and the overloading of the airplane.
- [NTSB LAX95LA325](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA325.md): Chambers C1C · Turlock, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1995 · N177GE · Destroyed
  > a loss of engine power due to fuel system contamination and the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed while maneuvering for an emergency landing. Factors in the accident were: the inadequate procedures used to purge the fuel system of known…
- [NTSB SEA95LA205](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA205.md): Cessna 150 · Stehekin, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1995 · N4016J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed after takeoff.
- [NTSB CHI95LA309](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA309.md): Cessna 182 · Walworth, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1995 · N5465B · Substantial damage
  > loss of engine power which occurred for an undetermined reason. A factor was the soft terrain in the emergency landing site.
- [NTSB CHI95LA293](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA293.md): Patin Challenger II · Cedar Springs, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1995 · N4281D · Substantial damage
  > inadequate engine maintenance by the owner/pilot-mechanic. Factors associated with the accident were fouled spark plugs and the pilot not being able to maintain proper altitude/clearance between his airplane and the electrical power lines during his landing…
- [NTSB CHI95LA312](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA312.md): Mooney M20C · Ironwood, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N7171U · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane due to his diverted attention.
- [NTSB CHI95FA305](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95FA305.md): Beech C35 · Omaha, NE · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N5999C · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during the takeoff climb. Factors associated with the accident were the pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind condition and exceeding the aircraft weight and balance.
- [NTSB CHI95FA301](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95FA301.md): Kiesel Easy Varieze · Dwight, IL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1995 · N17BK · Destroyed
  > inadequate preflight planning by the pilot. A factor associated with this accident was the pilot did not perform an aborted takeoff is sufficient time to safely stop.
- [NTSB SEA95LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA201.md): Bristol RV-6 · Grants Pass, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1995 · N694CA · Substantial damage
  > a loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB NYC95LA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA211.md): Lake LA-4-200 · Seaside Heights, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1995 · N5TB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate flare for landing, which resulted in an in-flight collision with rough water. Factors relating to the accident were: loss of engine power for an undetermined reason and rough water.
- [NTSB NYC95FA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95FA210.md): Cessna 172M · Portland, ME · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1995 · N6564H · Destroyed
  > an engine malfunction for an undetermined reason, and the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during a forced landing which resulted in an accelerated stall. A factor was the pilot's lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB FTW95LA374](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA374.md): Cessna 172N · Colorado Spgs, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1995 · N4814F · Destroyed
  > Blockage of the carburetor by a piece of foreign material, which resulted in a loss of engine power, and failure of the pilot to maintain airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. The high density altitude and the pilot's failure to properly lean the…
- [NTSB SEA95LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA197.md): Cessna 206 · Spokane, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1995 · N120TH · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while trying to clear a transmission wire. Factors include a transmission wire near the end of the takeoff area and glassy water.
- [NTSB NYC95LA208](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA208.md): Aeronca 7AC · Andover, NJ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1995 · N84935 · Destroyed
  > The flight instructor's inadequate preflight which failed to detect an inadequate fuel supply which subsequently resulted in fuel exhaustion and the loss of engine power.
- [NTSB FTW95LA365](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA365.md): Funk, D.D. B-85C · Grants, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1995 · N89V · Destroyed
  > a loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing.
- [NTSB FTW95LA364](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA364.md): Isaacson Kolb Twin Star MK II · Mansfield, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1995 · N141KE · Substantial damage
  > the loss of engine power for undertermined reasons, and the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed. A factor was the pilot's lack of flying experience.
- [NTSB FTW95FA363](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95FA363.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Wichita Falls, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1995 · N9296K · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while diverting attention to an open cargo door. A factor was the pilot's inadequate preflight inspection.
- [NTSB CHI95LA298](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA298.md): Cessna 172M · Independence, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1995 · N6977H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to perform the pre-takeoff checklist and set the elevator trim tab to the takeoff position.
- [NTSB BFO95LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA087.md): Piper PA-22-150 · South Boston, VA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1995 · N3965P · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for an undetermined reason. A factor relating to the accident was: the lack of suitable terrain for an emergency landing.
- [NTSB LAX95LA301](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA301.md): Navion A · Groveland, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1995 · N8513H · Substantial damage
  > fuel starvation, due to the pilot's improper positioning of the fuel selector. The lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI95LA295](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA295.md): Kraetzner SKY-BUGGY · Princeton, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1995 · N16626 · Destroyed
  > the loss of engine power due to the blocked float valve seat in the carburetor and the pilot's failure to have the proper maintenance inspection performed on the airplane.
- [NTSB BFO95LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA083.md): Aeronca 7AC · Warren, OH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1995 · N2934E · Destroyed
  > a loss of engine power/performance for undetermined reasons. Related factors were: the pilot exceeding the airplane's maximum takeoff weight, carburetor icing conditions, a tailwind, and high temperature.
- [NTSB FTW95LA357](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA357.md): Cessna 152 · Bristow, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1995 · N95654 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance. A factor was the fence at the end of the airstrip.
- [NTSB ATL95LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA161.md): Ronsrans R 12 · Clanton, AL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1995 · N800RK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper flying speed, and the improper mixture of the fuel.
- [NTSB NYC95LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA194.md): Great Lakes 2T1-A2 · Fombell, PA · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1995 · N49CR · Destroyed
  > the loss of engine power for undetermined reasons, and the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=115

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=114

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.