# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 117 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB SEA95LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA109.md): Boeing A75N1 · Rawlins, WY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 1995 · N43286 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper climb rate. Factors contributing to the accident were the high density altitude and the rising terrain.
- [NTSB CHI95FA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95FA161.md): Beech A35 · Downers Grove, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 30, 1995 · N8480A · Destroyed
  > fuel contamination (water), and the pilot's inadequate aircraft preflight. A factor was trees.
- [NTSB ATL95FA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95FA101.md): Piper J3C-65 · Greenville, SC · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 29, 1995 · N31328 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed. A factor was his failure to reposition the elevator trim.
- [NTSB LAX95LA196](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA196.md): Rolladen-Schneider LS-6 · Montague, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 1995 · N64UW · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to properly connect the aileron/flaperon quick disconnect fitting during assembly of the glider, and his inadequate preflight inspection.
- [NTSB NYC95FA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95FA123.md): Beech 95-A55 · Wise, VA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 25, 1995 · N9672Y · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain airspeed, after the right engine lost power, which resulted in an uncontrolled descent and collision with the ground.
- [NTSB FTW95LA219](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA219.md): Hispano Aviacion HB-200 · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 1995 · N212AM · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the hydraulic actuator for the right main landing gear. A factor was the false landing gear indications provided by the landing gear indicating system.
- [NTSB ANC95LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA057.md): Piper PA-18-160 · Hope, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1995 · N91248 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for wind conditions. Factors associated with the accident are the trees bordering the runway, and a downdraft.
- [NTSB NYC95LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA119.md): Erwin Taylor Mono Plane · Freeport, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1995 · N6155Z · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper decision to initiate a takeoff on an uphill runway with high grass, which resulted in a premature lift off, and an inadvertent stall/mush into trees.
- [NTSB NYC95LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA118.md): Aeronca O-58B · Moscow, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1995 · N46181 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for a cross wind and his failure to maintain adequate obstacle clearance. A factor is the crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC95LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA115.md): Pitcher W-8 · Mineral, VA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1995 · N13PE · Destroyed
  > an electrical system problem that resulted in a blown (failed) fuze and an inoperative electric fuel pump, which in turn resulted in fuel starvation and loss of engine power; and failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in an…
- [NTSB FTW95LA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA211.md): Air Tractor AT-502 · Lissie, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1995 · N4554R · Substantial damage
  > The partial loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing.
- [NTSB NYC95LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA112.md): Helio H-250 · Clarkson, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 18, 1995 · N5460E · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the engine fuel pump, which resulted in fuel starvation and loss of engine power over an unsuitable landing area. Factors relating to the accident were: the airplane manufacture did not list the use of the installed electric boost pumps, nor did…
- [NTSB ANC95LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA055.md): Maule M-5-235-C · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 18, 1995 · N6248M · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power for an undetermined reason. A factor in the accident was the unsuitable terrain.
- [NTSB LAX95LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA189.md): Ryan Navion · Flagstaff, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1995 · N41151 · Substantial damage
  > The owner/pilot improper installation of the propeller by failing to properly connect the pitch change mechanism.
- [NTSB FTW95LA201](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA201.md): Harding 1500-R-MINI-MAX · Braggs, OK · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 15, 1995 · N366RH · Destroyed
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable landing/takeoff area, and his failure to obtain or maintain adequate airspeed during takeoff, which resulted in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB CHI95LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA150.md): Piper PA-28-160 · East Gull Lake, MN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1995 · N5528W · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the trees. Factors in the accident were the crosswind and gusts.
- [NTSB BFO95LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA053.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Dubois, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1995 · N9672W · Substantial damage
  > The failure of valve springs in the number two engine cylinder which resulted in a total loss of engine power during initial climb. The unsuitable terrain encountered during the subsequent forced landing was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA95LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA098.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Vancouver, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1995 · N96202 · Substantial damage
  > Carburetor heat was not used and aircraft control was not maintained. Factors to the accident were: the flight instructor's diverted attention, and carburetor icing conditions.
- [NTSB LAX95LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA183.md): Piper PA-25-235 · Peoria, AZ · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1995 · N7403Z · Destroyed
  > the pilot's inflight loss of control due to his delay in releasing the glider after the towed glider experienced an unplanned altitude gain on takeoff when it encountered a dust devil.
- [NTSB ANC95LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC95LA050.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Dillingham, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1995 · N3588Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning and preparation. Factors associated with the accident are: the dispatcher's decision to dispatch a multi-engined airplane to a short, soft airstrip, and inadequate company management oversight/surveillance.
- [NTSB FTW95LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA190.md): Grunska Earl J Baby ACE D · Paris, AR · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1995 · N689EG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain minimum required airspeed for flight, resulting in an inadvertent stall. A factor was the partial loss of power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB NYC95LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC95LA101.md): Bell 206B · Hamilton, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 4, 1995 · N219CT · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper decision to fly at night with a night vision deficiency, and his failure to maintain clearance with trees during takeoff, which resulted in an in-flight collision with the trees and the subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW95TA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95TA187.md): Cessna 210J · Fabens, TX · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 4, 1995 · N2423S · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power due to water contamination of the fuel.
- [NTSB LAX95LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA178.md): Godkey Kitfox IV · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1995 · N4357Q · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the ignition system due to a deffective diode.
- [NTSB CHI95LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA145.md): Franklin EAA BI-PLANE/P1 · Rockville, IN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 1995 · N3428 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper maintenance installation and his inadvertent takeoff. A factor was the pilot's inadequate pre-flight planning.
- [NTSB CHI95LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA144.md): Quad City Challenger · Bridgeport, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 1995 · N100GB · Destroyed
  > Inadequate directional stability of the aircraft (due to installation of lexan cockpit enclosure doors), which precipitated a loss of directional control.
- [NTSB CHI95LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA141.md): Sorrel SNS-4 · Menomonee Falls, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1995 · N2026 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain clearance with transmission wires. A factor in the accident was the transmission wires.
- [NTSB SEA95LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA090.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Rice, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1995 · N2520P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper climb rate. A factor was trees in the flight path.
- [NTSB FTW95FA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95FA181.md): Bell 47D1 · Ardmore, OK · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1995 · N2202C · Destroyed
  > Inflight collision with a power transmission array static line when the flight instructor and dual (private pilot) student failed to maintain adequate visual lookout.
- [NTSB CHI95LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA135.md): Cessna 150F · Napoleon, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1995 · N8291S · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to retract the wing flaps prior to takeoff and the subsequent failure of the airplane to climb during takeoff.
- [NTSB MIA95FA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95FA117.md): Beech 95-B55 · Plant City, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1995 · N6855Z · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate maintenance and inspection, and the pilot's failure to attain VMC.
- [NTSB SEA95LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA088.md): Piper PA-28-236 · Tacoma, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1995 · N2101X · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation due to an unlocked mixture control that had not been properly rigged. A factor was the ditch in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB CHI95LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA134.md): Piper PA-22-160 · Rock Falls, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1995 · N9418D · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to refuel prior to fuel exhaustion. A factor in the accident was the pilot's poor preflight planning/preparation.
- [NTSB SEA95LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA95LA083.md): Cessna 150J · Cashmere, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1995 · N60886 · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power due to undetermined reasons. A factor contributing to the accident was rough terrain.
- [NTSB ATL95LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA084.md): Swant Varieze · Tullahoma, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1995 · N418EZ · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight, which resulted in a takeoff with an unsecured canopy, and his failure to maintain aircraft control during the initial climb.
- [NTSB ATL95LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA083.md): Kirkpatrick Super GT 400 · Pleasant Hill, TN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1995 · N12SK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, and his failure to maintain aircraft control during the initial climb. Factors were the crosswind conditions, the perimeter trees, and the pilot's lack of total flying experience.
- [NTSB MIA95LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA95LA104.md): Haseloh, D. W. RAF 2000 GTX SE · Lakeland, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1995 · CGNAW · Substantial damage
  > Total loss of engine power due to vibration failure of a 14-gauge electrical wire which is connected to the negative terminal of the ignition coil. Contributing to the accident was the inadequate design of the ignition system by design personnel, and…
- [NTSB CHI95LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA120.md): Piper PA-32-260 · St. Clair, MO · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1995 · N3631W · Destroyed
  > the pilot's impairment of judgment and performance due to drugs which led to his operating the airplane with a known mechanical deficiency.
- [NTSB ATL95LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA080.md): Let Blanik L-13 · Brownsboro, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1995 · N48039 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadvertent use of spoilers during takeoff. Factors related to the accident were: the glider instructor's failure to identify the extended spoilers, and the proximity of trees in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB ATL95LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL95LA077.md): Beech B-19 · Jackson, AL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1995 · N9288S · Destroyed
  > The pilot's continued operation of the airplane with a known deficiency in available power.
- [NTSB FTW95LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA159.md): Robinson S-12 Airaile · Sugartown, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1995 · N53CR · Destroyed
  > A partial loss of engine power for reasons undetermined. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain on which to make a forced landing.
- [NTSB CHI95IA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95IA119.md): Boeing 737-222 · Chicago, IL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1995 · N9090U · Minor damage
  > the inadequacy or deterioration of lubricating grease in the wheel bearing, which led to the total bearing failure and subsequent loss of the wheel. Factors were the insufficiently defined procedures for repacking the bearing, along with an insufficient…
- [NTSB CHI95LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI95LA117.md): Lewis KR-2 · Ogallala, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1995 · N49TF · Substantial damage
  > the owner/builder's improper maintenance (installation). Factors were the carburetor reversed and the mixture control cable not secured.
- [NTSB BFO95LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA043.md): Piper PA-28-180D · Jeannette, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1995 · N6539J · Destroyed
  > the failure of the magneto pinion gear failure, which resulted in a total loss of engine power during initial climbout over usuitable terrain.
- [NTSB LAX95LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95LA151.md): Andris KR2 · Turlock, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1995 · N22955 · Destroyed
  > the failure of the propeller attach bolt retaining cotter pin, and the pilot/builder's inadequate preflight inspection of the aircraft prior to the attempted flight.
- [NTSB FTW95FA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95FA151.md): Bell 206L-1 · Flower Mound, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1995 · N701EC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper wind evaluation, and improper touchdown procedure, resulting in dynamic rollover of the helicopter. Factors were the tailwind, dark night, and the lack of recent experience at night.
- [NTSB BFO95LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO95LA039.md): Piper J3-C65 · Bayport, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1995 · N70234 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper positioning of the fuel selector.
- [NTSB FTW95LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95LA155.md): Cessna 152 · Graham, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 1995 · N5426B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain proper lift-off speed resulting in an inadvertent stall. Factors were the selection of the taxiway for take-off and the inoperative landing light.
- [NTSB FTW95FA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW95FA147.md): Cessna R172E · Gladewater, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1995 · N1438Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an airspeed above stall speed, resulting in an inadvertent stall. A factor was the pilot's performance of an abrupt maneuver immediately after takeoff.
- [NTSB LAX95FA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX95FA145.md): Luscombe 8E · Compton, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1995 · N2232K · Destroyed
  > The pilot's poor preflight inspection, the mechanic's poor annual inspection, and the leaking fuel caps which allowed water to contaminate the fuel.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=118

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=117

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.