# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 135 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB BFO92LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO92LA070.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Morrisville, VT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1992 · N2950K · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance with the terrain. Contributing to the accident was a dark night and the lack of familiarity with the geographic area.
- [NTSB LAX92FA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92FA211.md): Taylorcraft BL · Chandler, AZ · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 19, 1992 · N26535 · Substantial damage
  > An excessive pull-up during departure and a failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed, resulting in an inadvertent stall/spin. Contributing to the accident was continued flight operations with known airworthiness deficiencies.
- [NTSB CHI92DEC01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92DEC01.md): Cessna 188A · Imlay City, MI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 19, 1992 · N9946G · Destroyed
  > The pilot induced premature liftoff which resulted in inadequate airspeed and the resulting stall.
- [NTSB ATL92FA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92FA102.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Greenville, NC · Accident · 6 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 15, 1992 · N2259T · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain a proper climb rate after takeoff after becoming spatially disoriented. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse weather conditions, the pilot's self-induced pressure to make the flight, and his lack of total…
- [NTSB FTW92LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA132.md): Schweizer G-164D · Welsh, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1992 · N8331K · Substantial damage
  > The engine failure at liftoff due to the failure of multiple turbine blades and the pilot's inability to maintain directional control during the aborted takeoff.
- [NTSB SEA92LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA92LA096.md): Robert Griffiths Kitfox MOD II · Burlington, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1992 · N7183H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's overconfidence in his ability, and his overconfidence in the ability of the aircraft. Factors include high/gusty winds, and a fence near the runway.
- [NTSB BFO92LA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO92LA060.md): Cessna 172XP · Milton, DE · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1992 · N4695K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain adequate airspeed for climb.
- [NTSB CHI92LA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA143.md): Burkhart Grob G-103 · Ionia, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 10, 1992 · N140BG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper preflight and decision to close the glider's canopy at low altitude.
- [NTSB CHI92FA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92FA142.md): Taylorcraft F19 · Harvard, IL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 10, 1992 · N3688T · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the aircraft during the initial climb out. A related factor is the pilot's lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB BFO92FA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO92FA058.md): Cessna 177 · Lusby, MD · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 10, 1992 · N177RD · Destroyed
  > A failure of the carburetor resulting in a loss of engine power.
- [NTSB ATL92LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA098.md): Avid Flyer Heavy Hauler · Wendell, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 10, 1992 · N613AB · Substantial damage
  > The improper installation of the forward spark plug by the owner/pilot, which resulted in a loss of engine power. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX92LA208](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA208.md): Corbus/Winters BD-5B · Fresno, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1992 · N811Q · Substantial damage
  > The total loss of engine power during initial climb due to a fracture and failure of the engine starter ring gear. A contributing factor which was related to the mechanical failure was the airplane owner's inadequate maintenance.
- [NTSB LAX92LA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA200.md): Piper PA23-150 · Modesto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1992 · N2310B · Substantial damage
  > An engine power loss due to fuel contamination.
- [NTSB MIA92FA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92FA121.md): Cessna 310Q · Odessa, FL · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 3, 1992 · N300DG · Destroyed
  > Loss of engine power on initial takeoff climb on all engines for undetermined reasons. This resulted in a forced landing, in flight collision with trees, terrain, and postcrash fire.
- [NTSB BFO92LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO92LA052.md): Beech 24 · Millis, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 1992 · N2061L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain adequate flying speed during takeoff climb which resulted in a stall and inflight collision with the terrain. Contributing was a downwind takeoff.
- [NTSB ATL92LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA092.md): Cessna 172E · Concord, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 1992 · N5529T · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power because of the formation of carburetor ice.
- [NTSB CHI92LA140](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA140.md): Bell BH47G · Bucklin, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1992 · N90642 · Substantial damage
  > The helicopter pilot's abrupt touchdown during the forced landing. Related factors were the presence of carburetor ice conditions, and the pilot's improper use of carburetor heat.
- [NTSB CHI92LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA136.md): Cessna 140 · Grain Valley, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1992 · N77205 · Substantial damage
  > A stall following a downwind takeoff.
- [NTSB CHI92LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA133.md): Boeing A75N1 · Washington, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1992 · N59528 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's improper use of the carburetor heat control.
- [NTSB MIA92FA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92FA115.md): Boeing 707-324C · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1992 · HK360 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the #3 engine pylon inboard midspar support fitting due to fatigue cracking which resulted in the separation of the number three engine and pylon. Contributing to the accident was the inadequate inspection requirements of the manufacturer and the…
- [NTSB LAX92FA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92FA185.md): Beech S35 · Long Beach, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1992 · N123JH · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an airspeed above the airplane's stall speed (vs) and inadvertent entry into a spin. The engine failure resulting from contaminated fuel and inadequate preflights were factors in the accident.
- [NTSB LAX92MA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92MA183.md): de Havilland DHC-6-200 · Perris, CA · Accident · 16 fatal · Major investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1992 · N141PV · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's inadvertent feathering of the wrong propeller following an engine power loss, and the failure of the operator to assure that the pilot was provided with adequate training in the airplane. Factors related to the accident were: water…
- [NTSB ATL92LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA086.md): Glaser-Dirks DG-600/18M · Newnan, GA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1992 · N107T · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons, and the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall at too low of an altitude to effect recovery.
- [NTSB LAX92LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA182.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Oxnard, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1992 · N6907D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during takeoff as a result of his alcoholic impairment of efficiency and judgement. A factor in the accident was the dark night.
- [NTSB ATL92LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA082.md): Cessna 152 · Monroe, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1992 · N4978P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed during climbout which resulted in a stall and subsequent collision with the ground. A factor was reported downdrafts.
- [NTSB CHI92DEM01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92DEM01.md): Rose Wesley Rotorway WR Exec · Hudsonville, MI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 18, 1992 · N6617L · Substantial damage
  > The failure of an intake valve spring. Factors related to the accident were the low altitude at which the autorotation was initiated and the soft terrain on which the helicopter was landed.
- [NTSB MIA92FA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92FA110.md): Cessna 152 · Bushnell, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1992 · N47343 · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain airspeed (vso) while maneuvering during a forced landing. This resulted in an inadvertent stall, in flight loss of control, and collision with terrain. Contributing to the accident was the pilot-in-command's failure…
- [NTSB FTW92LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA116.md): Grumman G-164A · Welsh, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1992 · N9546 · Substantial damage
  > Partial power loss due to the cracked engine cylinder. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB CHI92LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA129.md): Enstrom 280C · Iron Mountain, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 14, 1992 · N51782 · Substantial damage
  > The presence of water in the air induction system.
- [NTSB SEA92LA219](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA92LA219.md): WSK PZL Mielec M-18A Dromader · Rockford, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 13, 1992 · N41891 · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of rudder trim and poor preflight planning/preparation. Factors to the accident were: directional control was not maintained and lack of familiarity with aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI92LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA128.md): Lake LA-4 · Lee'S Summit, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1992 · N2032L · Substantial damage
  > A delayed aborted takeoff by the pilot in command. A factor in the accident is the presence of carburetor icing conditions.
- [NTSB CHI92LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA126.md): Cessna 170B · St. James, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1992 · N1966C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from terrain during the attempted takeoff and climb out. A related factor was the rising terrain.
- [NTSB MIA92LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92LA106.md): Tomlinson Long EZ · Lakeland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1992 · N83BT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to perform pretakeoff procedures and assure the fuel selector was on prior to takeoff. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's complacency.
- [NTSB NYC92FA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC92FA073.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Paris, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1992 · N9741W · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain directional control which resulted in the airplane flying over higher terrain with a climb rate that was insufficient to clear the obstacles. Factors related to the accident were the pilot's lack of total experience and…
- [NTSB LAX92LA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA167.md): Bede BD-5 · Compton, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1992 · N3DW · Destroyed
  > 1) A total loss of engine power for undetermined reasons, 2) the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed, and 3) the inadvertent entry into a stall spin. Factors in this accident were: 1) the pilot's lack of familiarity with the airplane, and 2) the…
- [NTSB ANC92LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA057.md): Cessna U206G · Kotzebue, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1992 · N9909Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to remove all the frost from the airplane and exceeding the gross weight limit of the airplane.
- [NTSB FTW92LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA088.md): Cessna 172B · Scottsville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 1992 · N7492X · Substantial damage
  > Pilots' inadequate compensation for unfavorable windshift. A facator was the unfavorable wind.
- [NTSB FTW92FA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92FA099.md): Rockwell 690A · Taos, NM · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1992 · N111FL · Destroyed
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain the climb after departing the runway environment. Factors were the weather conditions and the dark night.
- [NTSB ATL92LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA071.md): Mooney M20D · Cumberland Is., GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1992 · N1975Y · Substantial damage
  > The loss of the spark plug at a critical point in flight which resulted from the inadequate overhaul of the engine by an unknown person; and the inadvertent stall of the airplane when the pilot failed to maintain airspeed. A factor was the high obstructions…
- [NTSB ANC92LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC92LA052.md): Piper PA-32-301 · Sleetmute, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1992 · N84547 · Substantial damage
  > The airplane stalled when the pilot failed to maintain flying speed.
- [NTSB DCA92MA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA92MA025.md): Fokker 28-4000 · Flushing, NY · Accident · 27 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Mar 23, 1992 · N485US · Destroyed
  > The failure of the airline industry and the federal aviation administration to provide flightcrews with procedures, requirements, and criteria compatible with departure delays in conditions conducive to airframe icing and the decision by the flightcrew to…
- [NTSB FTW92LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW92LA094.md): Grumman G-164A · Garwood, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1992 · N5378 · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power due to rocker arm failure. A factor was the unsuitable terrain.
- [NTSB MIA92FA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92FA099.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Aberdeen, MS · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1992 · N16388 · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's decision to initiate a turn back to the airport at a low altitude following loss of engine power.
- [NTSB ATL92LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA068.md): Maxair 582 · Willacoochee, GA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1992 · UNREG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed which resulted in a loss of flight control, and an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB ATL92LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92LA064.md): Kolb Mark III · Titus, AL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1992 · N101AB · Substantial damage
  > The manufacturer's failure to install the main fuel line properly which resulted in fuel starvation and a loss of engine power.
- [NTSB LAX92LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX92LA142.md): Cessna A188B · Corcoran, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 14, 1992 · N53241 · Destroyed
  > The aircraft's encounter during the takeoff with a crosswind gust beyond the capability of the aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA92LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92LA095.md): Cessna 182 · Deland, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1992 · N6418A · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain the proper airspeed (vs) resulting in an inadvertent stall. Factors in the accident were incorrect fuel selector position resulting in the total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation and fatigue of the pilot.
- [NTSB CHI92LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI92LA102.md): Stinson 108 · Heyworth, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1992 · N97599 · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of the carburetor heat control which resulted in carburetor ice and subsequent loss of power. A factor related to the accident was the carburetor icing conditions which existed at the time of the accident.
- [NTSB ATL92FA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL92FA053.md): Cessna 172P · N Topsail Beach, NC · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1992 · N65988 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to obtain and/or maintain adequate airspeed during takeoff, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and collision with the ground. Factors were: the failure of the pilot to follow procedures/directives, his operation of the aircraft…
- [NTSB MIA92LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA92LA180.md): D.W. Owens Stitts SA3B · Winter Haven, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1992 · UNREG · Substantial damage
  > Fuel contamination and unsuitable terrain encountered while the pilot was attempting an emergency landing on the airport property.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=136

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=135

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.