# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 150 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB FTW90DRG02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90DRG02.md): Thompson Baker BOB-CAT · New Braunfels, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Jan 29, 1990 · N60RT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed during an emergency descent for a forced landing. A factor was the loss of engine power.
- [NTSB FTW90FA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90FA059.md): Aeronca 7DC · El Paso, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 28, 1990 · N4542E · Substantial damage
  > Power loss due to failure of the carburetor assembly and the pilot's failure to correct known deficiencies. Factors were contaminated fuel, partially blocked fuel screen, fouled spark plugs, the rough terrain, and the lack of shoulder harnesses.
- [NTSB FTW90LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA054.md): Aero Commander 100-180 · Bastrop, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 21, 1990 · N3712X · Destroyed
  > Loss of engine power due to water contamination in the fuel. A factor related to the accident was: inadequate design of the fuel system drains, which prevented an adequate preflight of the fuel system.
- [NTSB NYC90FA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90FA051.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Great Barrngton, MA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 19, 1990 · N38389 · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper altitude and clearance from trees while departing from the airport. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation, his allowing the aircraft weight and balance to be…
- [NTSB MIA90LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA059.md): Biagi, Arthur R. Buccaneer II XA650 · Lake Wales, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 19, 1990 · N661AB · Substantial damage
  > Engine failure due to a hole that chafed in a fuel line on the suction side of the fuel filter due to poor maintenance.
- [NTSB DEN90LA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA045.md): Cessna 172 · Fort Morgan, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1990 · N3135J · Substantial damage
  > Partial loss of power due to an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB DEN90LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA044.md): Cessna 182 · Frederick, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1990 · N5310B · Substantial damage
  > A partial engine power loss induced by stuck intake valves. Contributing to the accident was the inadequate maintenance of the airplane and the unsuitable terrain in which the forced landing was performed.
- [NTSB MIA90LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA054.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Immokalee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 15, 1990 · N8445G · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power due to an undetermined reason. A factor related to the accident was: rough terrain in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB ANC90FA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90FA027.md): Beech E18F · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 15, 1990 · N900TH · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate supervision by company/operator personnel and inadequate preflight planning/preparation by the captain, which resulted in an improperly loaded aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA90LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA055.md): Conn ONE Design · Daytona Beach, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 14, 1990 · N60RC · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation due the fuel vent being blocked by a mud dauber nest and the pilot's failure to find the obstruction (inadequate preflight) before taking off. Trees beyond the departure end of the runway were a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC90LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA047.md): Beech V35B · W Kingston, RI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 8, 1990 · N6741V · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft, while attempting to close the passenger's door during takeoff. The unsecured passenger door was a related factor.
- [NTSB BFO90LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA019.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Petersburg, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1990 · N33685 · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation and improper use of emergency procedures (fuel selector) by the pilot.
- [NTSB NYC90LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA044.md): Cessna 150 · Millis, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1990 · N9241U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of carburetor heat which caused a power loss and a forced landing in unsuitable terrain. Factors related to the accident were carburetor icing conditions and the pilots lack of total experience.
- [NTSB LAX90FA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90FA060.md): McDonnell Douglas 369E · Santa Rosa, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 29, 1989 · N1604L · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper preflight planning/decision which resulted in the loss of tail rotor effectiveness. Contributing to the accident was the pilot allowing the maximum gross weight of the aircraft to be exceeded, and the tailwind.
- [NTSB NYC90LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA043.md): Cessna 150L · Lehighton, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N11614 · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB ANC90LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA022.md): de Havilland DHC-2 · Kodiak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1989 · N67691 · Substantial damage
  > Improper compensation for wind conditions by the pilot, which resulted in loss of aircraft control during takeoff, and subsequent impact with the water. The weather conditions were contributing factors.
- [NTSB MIA90FA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90FA043.md): Tundermann Venne Q-2 · Zephyrhills, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1989 · N1UQ · Destroyed
  > Loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB FTW90LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA047.md): Bellanca 8KCAB · Stephenville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 27, 1989 · N1691N · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot.
- [NTSB DEN90LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA034.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Firestone, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 26, 1989 · N9570T · Substantial damage
  > Premature liftoff by the pilot which resulted in insufficient airspeed.
- [NTSB ANC90LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA029.md): Piper PA-18 · Pilot Point, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 22, 1989 · N8569D · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the non-certificated Pilot to remove ice/frost from the wing(s) prior to flight. His lack of training and qualification were probable contributing factors.
- [NTSB CHI90DEE04](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90DEE04.md): Cessna 172RG · Romeoville, IL · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Dec 18, 1989 · N9562B · Substantial damage
  > Dual student's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and remedial action not attained by the CFI. A factor related to the accident was: a snow bank adjacent the runway.
- [NTSB MKC90FA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90FA038.md): Piper J3C-65 · Lynch, NE · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 17, 1989 · N6874H · Destroyed
  > Airspeed was not maintained by the pilot resulting in a stall/spin.
- [NTSB MKC90LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA039.md): Beech 80 · Cape Girardeau, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 13, 1989 · N525GT · Substantial damage
  > An inoperative landing gear extension system due to failure of an electric motor and a misplaced emergency crank handle.
- [NTSB CHI90FA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90FA040.md): Cessna 172M · Linden, MI · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1989 · N1326U · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain sufficient speed for flight. A factor associated with the accident was the pilot's operation of the airplane above the maximum allowable gross weight.
- [NTSB ATL90LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA035.md): Waco HRE · Alexander City, AL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 6, 1989 · N31654 · Substantial damage
  > An engine failure due to separation of the magneto as a result of a broken mounting stud. The mounting stud most likely failed due to vibrations induced by an inadequately balanced crankshaft.
- [NTSB DEN90LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA031.md): Cessna 172 · Colorado Spgs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 3, 1989 · N6251E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command attempted a takeoff with the fuel mixture full rich, with a high density altitude, resulting in a partial loss of engine power during initial climb.
- [NTSB LAX90LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA046.md): Piper PA-32-437 · Hayward, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1989 · N3350W · Substantial damage
  > Engine failure due to water in fuel that was not discovered by the pilot during his preflight inspection of the fuel system.
- [NTSB MIA90FA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90FA033.md): Piper Aerostar 601P · Orlando, FL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1989 · N6079H · Destroyed
  > Loss of aircraft control during takeoff for an unknown reason which resulted in a collision with the ground.
- [NTSB CHI90DEP02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90DEP02.md): Rotec Panther 2+ · Holmen, WI · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Dec 1, 1989 · UNREG · Substantial damage
  > Inadvertent partial deployment of the emergency ballistic recovery parachute resulting in a loss of engine thrust and aerodynamic control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB DEN90FA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90FA028.md): Aerospatiale SA316B · Park City, UT · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1989 · N62268 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to make a vertical takeoff, while departing with a cable attached, and his failure to insure the cable remained clear of the trailer. The trailer (vehicle) was a contributing factor.
- [NTSB ATL90LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA032.md): Piper PA-23-160 · New Bern, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1989 · N4359P · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the instructor pilot to ensure that the engine fuel selector valves were properly positioned prior to takeoff, which led to fuel starvation and a loss of engine power during takeoff.
- [NTSB NYC90LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA034.md): Cessna 152 · Dunkirk, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1989 · N4930B · Substantial damage
  > Pilot in command failed to maintain airspeed during a forced landing resulting in a stall and hard landing after a engine power failure due to carburetor ice and improper use of the carburetor heat control by the pilot.
- [NTSB FTW90LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA034.md): Champion 7ECA · Shawnee, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1989 · N2553F · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed during the turn after takeoff, which resulted in a stall. The obstructions (trees) were a factor.
- [NTSB FTW90FA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90FA032.md): Beech 95-B55 · Arlington, TX · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 24, 1989 · N1026W · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's loss of control in flight because of spatial disorientation. A factor was the dark night.
- [NTSB DEN90DTE02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90DTE02.md): Bruce Mckinney VARI-EZE · Aspen, CO · Accident · 2 fatal · Final report · Nov 24, 1989 · N4985Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to refuel the airplane, which resulted in fuel exhaustion. A related factor to the accident was: the mountainous terrain.
- [NTSB DEN90DTE01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90DTE01.md): Lanier Thorp T-18 · Colorado City, CO · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Nov 24, 1989 · N18FL · Destroyed
  > Loss of engine power with carbon fouling of the spark plugs, and failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB FTW90LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA029.md): Cessna 172 · Port Allen, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1989 · N13055 · Substantial damage
  > Fuel system contamination due to inadequate maintenance/service of the airplane.
- [NTSB SEA90FA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90FA019.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Vancouver, WA · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 19, 1989 · N8289P · Destroyed
  > The pilot in command's inadequate preflight planning, pilot's attempted VFR flight into IMC conditions and the pilot's lack of instrument qualifications. Contributing to the accident was the low ceiling, fog and the pilot's lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB SEA90LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA017.md): Ercoupe 415D · Vancouver, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1989 · N3354H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadvertant leaning of the fuel mixture to near idle cutoff, causing the engine to quit.
- [NTSB MIA90FA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90FA027.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Pembroke Pines, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1989 · N15LH · Destroyed
  > Inadequate annual inspection by other maintenance personnel and inadequate preflight inspection by the pilot, which resulted in failure to detect water and contamination (residue) in the fuel. Contributing factors were: failure of the plt to feather the…
- [NTSB DEN90LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA023.md): Cessna 172P · Bryce Canyon, UT · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 1989 · CGPGA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain adequate climb speed. Contributing factors were: inadequate preflight planning in that the pilot did not adequately consider the high density altitude effect on the airplane's climb performance.
- [NTSB SEA90LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA013.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1989 · N8470W · Substantial damage
  > Fuel contamination and the pilots lack of peflight inspection. Contributing to the accident was the soft terrain.
- [NTSB MKC90LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA028.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Pine Bluff, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1989 · N95177 · Substantial damage
  > An inadequate preflight which resulted in water contamination in the fuel system and the subsequent loss of power.
- [NTSB LAX90LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA028.md): Piper PA38-112 · Chandler, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 8, 1989 · N25644 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to properly use the checklist and the fuel selector valve was improperly selected to the empty tank.
- [NTSB MKC90LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA030.md): Air Tractor AT301 · Ellinwood, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1989 · N3158Z · Substantial damage
  > The partial failure of the engine for undetermined reasons which resulted in a forced landing. A factor related to the accident was the soft dirt.
- [NTSB LAX90LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA026.md): Piper PA-38 · Chino, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1989 · N2506A · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for an undetermined reason. Soft terrain in the emergency landing area was a related factor.
- [NTSB ANC90LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA011.md): Cessna 150 · Birchwood, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1989 · N714MS · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper runway alignment during the takeoff roll. Related factors were: dark night, snow covered runway, inadequate snow removal from the runway by personnel (who were responsible for snow removal), and the snowbank (berm).
- [NTSB ANC90LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC90LA009.md): de Havilland DHC-2 · Kenai, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 7, 1989 · N64276 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the engine bearing, which resulted in a subsequent total loss of power. Contributing factors were: dark night and rough/uneven terrain.
- [NTSB FTW90LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA022.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Marietta, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1989 · N536SF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's use of the wrong runway for takeoff. Factors related to the accident were: the tailwind and rising terrain beyond the departure end of the runway.
- [NTSB ATL90FA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90FA024.md): Beech C90 · Gadsden, AL · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1989 · N3804F · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilots of both aircraft to maintain adequate visual lookout to see-and-avoid the other aircraft.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=151

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=150

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.