# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 152 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB DEN89LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA214.md): Piper PA-18A-150 · Winston, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 12, 1989 · N9496D · Destroyed
  > Deteriorated carburetor float. Factors related to the accident were: high density altitude and the terrain conditions in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB LAX89FA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89FA307.md): Aero Commander 680FLP · Kailua-Kona, HI · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1989 · N22LR · Destroyed
  > Inadequate maintenance, and operation by the pilot with known deficiencies in the aircraft. Factors related to the accident were: excessive wear in both engines, improper use of powerplant controls by the pilot, subsequent overtemperature/detonation in both…
- [NTSB ANC89LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA163.md): Piper PA-18 · Wood River, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1989 · N4099E · Substantial damage
  > Innadequate preflight planning/preparation by the pilot. The wind conditions, high density altitude and trees were contributing factors.
- [NTSB NYC89DHM05](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89DHM05.md): Woods Formula VEE SL-1 · Allaire Airport, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Sep 10, 1989 · N31549 · Substantial damage
  > The improper flare and touchdown by the pilot in command while making a forced landing following loss of engine power.
- [NTSB BFO89FA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO89FA079.md): Bell 206B-III · White Plains, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1989 · N3195B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow procedures in that he delayed his climb during a night takeoff from a confined area. Contributing factor(s) was: the dark night and surrounding obstructions.
- [NTSB SEA89LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA170.md): Hughes 369D · Petersburg, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1989 · N1088N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to obtain clearance over trees. Contributing to the accident was: the aircraft being above its maximum certificated gross weight limitation and the trees.
- [NTSB ATL89LA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA209.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Rowland, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1989 · N4386J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to recognize and prevent carburetor icing prior to take off.
- [NTSB LAX89LA310](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA310.md): Cessna 172 · Tucson, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 1989 · N758HB · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to obtain or maintain sufficient airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB LAX89FA296](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89FA296.md): Grumman AA-5B · California City, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1989 · N28493 · Destroyed
  > Failure of the student pilot to maintain a proper airspeed while maneuvering for an emergency landing. Factors in the accident were the partial engine power loss, which was due to improper maintenance procedures, the student pilot's inexperience, the strong…
- [NTSB FTW89DPA04](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89DPA04.md): North American F-51 · Denton, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Sep 6, 1989 · N51VP · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to detect water in the fuel system during the preflight which subsequently resulted in a loss of power.
- [NTSB FTW89LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89LA161.md): Cessna 152 · Carmin, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 5, 1989 · N94777 · Destroyed
  > Loss of power for an unknown reason. Factors related to the accident were the ditch & fence.
- [NTSB LAX89DUG07](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89DUG07.md): Monett Monarai · Yermo, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Sep 4, 1989 · UNREG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain airspeed and inadvertently entered into a stall/spin.
- [NTSB CHI89DEC07](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89DEC07.md): Rayne VARI-EZE · Clinton, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Sep 4, 1989 · N20VR · Substantial damage
  > Undetermined loss of engine power during initial climbout. The lack of suitable terrain for an emergency landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA89LA241](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA89LA241.md): Piper PA-22-135 · Booneville, MS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1989 · N3724A · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for an unknown reason. Trees in the emergency landing area were a factor.
- [NTSB LAX89FA295](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89FA295.md): North American P51D · Mar Vista, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1989 · N51MR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor in-flight planning in attempting to immediately return to the airport and not following established procedures after the loss of power after takeoff. The failure of an intake valve was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB MKC89FA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89FA194.md): Cessna 206A · Lees Summit, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1989 · N8705Z · Destroyed
  > Engine partial power loss due to water in the aircraft fuel system, and an inadequate preflight.
- [NTSB BFO89DID02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO89DID02.md): Rotorway Exec · Palmyra, VA · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Sep 2, 1989 · N27TB · Destroyed
  > Inadequate preflight by the pilot, and fuel exhaustion due to an inadequate supply of fuel.
- [NTSB ATL89FA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89FA207.md): Cessna 152 · Tiptonville, TN · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1989 · N25799 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper climb rate after takeoff. Factors related to the accident were: darkness, the pilot's lack of visual cues, his habit of making shallow climbs after takeoff, his lack of recent night flying experience, and the trees.
- [NTSB SEA89LA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA165.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Burns Junction, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1989 · N83330 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not maintain proper airspeed during takeoff.
- [NTSB BFO89FA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO89FA074.md): Beech C50 · Hagerstown, MD · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1989 · N4917B · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane as a result of spatial disorientation after intentionally flying into instrument flight conditions. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's over confidence in his ability and the obscured weather…
- [NTSB ATL89LA204](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA204.md): Beech A23-19 · Gallatin, TN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1989 · N5684S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot used an unsuitable runway area (terrain) for takeoff. Related factors were: inadequate maintenance of the runway, runway conditions (uneven surface & tall grass), and the fence.
- [NTSB CHI89DEC06](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89DEC06.md): Feil BD-5 · Pontiac, MI · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Aug 26, 1989 · N9BD · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during takeoff which resulted in a stall/spin. Contributing to the accident was the excessive pull-up maneuver and the pilot's lack of total experience in the aircraft.
- [NTSB NYC89LA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA202.md): Cessna 150H · Northeast, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1989 · N50294 · Substantial damage
  > A power loss due to an over-rich engine for undetermined reasons. The combination of an over-rich running engine and the pilot's pumping of the throttle during the recovery attempt caused the engine to flood.
- [NTSB FTW89IA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW89IA152.md): Boeing 727-231 · Kenner, LA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1989 · N52309 · Minor damage
  > Inaccurate operators procedures/directives and the improper takeoff performance data computed by the captain. Poor flight crew coordination was considered a factor as well a wrong runway selection for the computed takeoff data.
- [NTSB CHI89DEP11](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89DEP11.md): Tierra II Panther 2 Plus · Tomah, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Aug 23, 1989 · N22KK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's premature liftoff, which resulted in a stall/mush and subsequently impact on the runway.
- [NTSB MKC89LA185](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC89LA185.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Leon, IA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1989 · N8AG · Substantial damage
  > Blockage of the engine air induction system by a field mouse nest. The nest was positioned so that it could not be seen during the pre-flight inspection. It became dislodged during the takeoff roll on the rough runway.
- [NTSB LAX89LA283](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA283.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Long Beach, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1989 · N2344N · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate airspeed during takeoff which led to an inadvertent stall. A factor was the excessive weight in the aircraft.
- [NTSB LAX89LA282](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA282.md): Beech B35 · San Diego, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1989 · N8868A · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. Factors that related to the accident were: unavaliable altitude, remedial action not possible, unsuitable terrain, high vegetation, and the trees.
- [NTSB ANC89FA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89FA143.md): Piper PA-19 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1989 · N5417H · Substantial damage
  > Operation with a known deficiency in the aircraft and water contamination of the fuel due to inadequate preflight preparation by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were: lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing and tree(s).
- [NTSB NYC89LA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA198.md): Cessna 172P · Gardner, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1989 · N65105 · Substantial damage
  > The worn throttle arm.
- [NTSB CHI89FA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89FA173.md): Cessna 150M · Plainfield, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1989 · N9329U · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command lost control of the aircraft following a premature lift-off resulting in an uncontrolled descent into the terrain.
- [NTSB SEA89LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA89LA151.md): Navion A · Ely, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1989 · N8796H · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot, which resulted in failure to obtain/maintain adequate airspeed to remain airborne after lift-off, and an inadvertent stall. Factors related to the accident were: the pilot's attempt to fly the aircraft with excessive…
- [NTSB NYC89LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC89LA195.md): Enstrom 280C · Milbridge, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1989 · N89JD · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the number 3 intake valve outer spring. The water (river) in the emergency landing area was a related factor.
- [NTSB ATL89FA198](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89FA198.md): Cessna 182J · Bethel, OH · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1989 · N3542F · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain sufficient airspeed during the initial climb after takeoff, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. The pilot's lack of total experience was considered to be a related factor.
- [NTSB ANC89LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA141.md): Cessna 206 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1989 · N6327Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot allowed the aircraft to lift-off prematurely, then inadvertently enter a stall/mush. The gusty/crosswind conditions were contributing factors.
- [NTSB LAX89LA279](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA279.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Fresno, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 1989 · N2469F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and collision with the runway.
- [NTSB CHI89FA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89FA165.md): Bell 47G-2A-1 · Wisconsin Dells, WI · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 1989 · N49HB · Substantial damage
  > Attempt by the pilot to exceed the hover performance capabilities of the helicopter, and operating outside the weight and balance limitations. The pilot's overconfidence in the helicopter's ability and his subsequent failure to adequately prepare and plan…
- [NTSB DEN89LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN89LA194.md): Beech A36 · Santa Fe, NM · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 1989 · N3077X · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of the mixture control by the pilot during takeoff which resulted in fuel starvation. Rough/uneven terrain contributed to the aircraft damage.
- [NTSB CHI89LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89LA170.md): Beech A33 · Bloomington, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 1989 · N915Q · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to contamination (water, debris, and rust-like particles) in the fuel and the pilot's failure to detect the contamination during the pre-flight inspection.
- [NTSB CHI89DEI02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89DEI02.md): Acroduster SA-750 · Painesville, OH · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Aug 13, 1989 · N69GM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of the fuel selector for takeoff, which resulted in fuel starvation; and his improper use of emergency procedures after the engine lost power. The pilot's lack of familiarity with the aircraft and the trees were contributing factors.
- [NTSB MIA89LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA89LA218.md): Cessna 402C · Fort Lauderdale, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1989 · N5851C · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to position the auxiliary pump to low for takeoff, compunded by improper procuderes used during the resultant in-flight emergency.
- [NTSB MIA89LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA89LA217.md): Smith Kitfox II · Malabar, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1989 · N302RS · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed during takeoff, which resulted in a stall.
- [NTSB LAX89LA271](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA271.md): Beech C23 · S Lake Tahoe, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1989 · N60482 · Substantial damage
  > The aircraft's encounter with a downdraft during takeoff. Contributing factors were related to the high density altitude condition which existed and the aircraft's deteriorated takeoff performance capability.
- [NTSB ATL89LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA195.md): Cessna 210C · Millington, TN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1989 · N3680Y · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power, due to contamination in the fuel flow manifold. The contamination in the fuel system was due to inadequate maintenance.
- [NTSB LAX89LA269](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89LA269.md): Bellanca 14-19 · Chandler, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1989 · N514A · Substantial damage
  > An engine power loss for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB LAX89FA268](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX89FA268.md): Piper PA-601P · Ramona, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1989 · N6067Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's VFR flight in instrument meteorologial conditions (IMC) and spatial disorientation, which resulted in an inadvertent descent into the ground. Factors related to the accident were: darkness, low ceiling, and the pilot's lack of a preflight weather…
- [NTSB CHI89DEM06](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI89DEM06.md): Cessna 152 · Manistee, MI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Aug 8, 1989 · N96863 · Substantial damage
  > The partial loss of power during initial climbout, and the aircraft's subsequent nose over during the forced landing roll.
- [NTSB ATL89LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA192.md): Cessna 150J · Dunn, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1989 · N5558G · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to properly calculate the takeoff distance required for the conditions and the airplane collided with power lines during climbout.
- [NTSB ATL89LA191](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL89LA191.md): Cessna 177B · Fort Gaines, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1989 · N35131 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain directional control of the airplane during takeoff, which resulted in a collision with trees adjacent to the runway.
- [NTSB ANC89LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC89LA134.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Chitina, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1989 · N88315 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during climb out, which resulted in the acft stalling and impacting the terrain.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=153

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=152

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.