# NTSB investigations: Initial climb NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports. Page 217 of 412 · 20,559 cases ## Cases, newest first - [NTSB CHI82DA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82DA063.md): Bellanca 8KCAB · Franklin, WI · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Feb 21, 1982 · N1218E · Substantial damage > After a 1.8 hour flight, the fixed base operator serviced the aircraft with 15 gallons of fuel. The pilot stated that he drained the sumps as part of his preflight. The pretakeoff checks and takeoff roll were normal. At about 75 to 100 feet AGL, the engine… - [NTSB LAX82DA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82DA081.md): Cessna 172N · Grand Canyon, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 20, 1982 · N529CA · Substantial damage > The aircraft was observed to taxi and takeoff with full flaps and a density altitude of about 7700 feet. According to a witness aboard the aircraft the stall warning was going on and off from shortly after takeoff until landing. At about 150 feet AGL the… - [NTSB CHI82DA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82DA060.md): Cessna 172A · Roselle, IL · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 20, 1982 · N210GL · Substantial damage > Shortly after takeoff, the pilot noted a partial loss of power. He turned back toward the airport and turned the carburetor heat on; however, the carburetor heat did not seem to help. The fuel selector was switched from both tanks to the right tank, and this… - [NTSB FTW82DA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82DA059.md): Cessna 310D · Farmerville, LA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 15, 1982 · N6822T · Destroyed > Before this flight, the aircraft had not been flown for a period of time. The pilot was the owner of a maintenance facility and was preparing to perform an annual inspection of the aircraft. He elected to fly it around the airport to warm up the engines… - [NTSB ATL82FLJ04](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL82FLJ04.md): Porterfield CP-65 · Jacksonville, NC · Accident · 2 fatal · Final report · Feb 14, 1982 · N37768 · Substantial damage > Witnesses heard the eng sputter after takeoff as the acft was in a steep climb. The acft was then observed to turn sharply left, enter a nose down attitude & crash. About 1/2 teaspoon of rusty water was found in the main fuel strainer & the fuel screen… - [NTSB LAX82DVA12](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82DVA12.md): Grumman G-164B · Valley Home, CA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 12, 1982 · N6659Q · Destroyed > The pilot reported that during takeoff, there was a partial loss of engine power and the aircraft settled back to the ground. The aircraft touched down on soft terrain about 1/4 mile from the runway and flipped over. The aircraft caught on fire and burned… - [NTSB MKC82DA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC82DA030.md): Cessna 152 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 11, 1982 · N757YE · Substantial damage > During takeoff from a touch and go landing, the engine lost power at about 300 ft AGL. The student pilot was unable to restart the engine. The aircraft was damaged during a forced landing off of the runway. No pre-impact engine malfunctions or failures were… - [NTSB FTW82FRA16](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82FRA16.md): Piper PA-60-602P · Brenham, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Feb 11, 1982 · N6894L · Substantial damage > Aircraft during entire roll and initial climb after takeoff had an unusually nose high attitude. Aircraft climbed to about 200 feet AGL then appeared to stall and fall off on left wing. Investigation did not reveal any reason for the unusual attitude. - [NTSB ATL82IA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL82IA051.md): Beech 200 · Birmingham, AL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Feb 9, 1982 · N205SG · No damage > While climbing thru 500 ft AGL on takeoff, the manual pitch trim struck at 1 or 2 units nose up. Use of the three trim disconnect switches did not remedy the problem. About 30 secs later, the pitch trim ran away nose up and would not stop until the pitch trim… - [NTSB SEA82FYM09](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA82FYM09.md): Rockwell Comdr 112TCA · Aurora, OR · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Feb 8, 1982 · N4660W · Substantial damage > During takeoff, the plane was observed to rotate to a steep nose high attitude, then roll into a steep bank, go into a descent, and crash. During the descent, it rolled to a wings level attitude before impacting with the nose slightly down. An examination of… - [NTSB FTW82FQD09](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82FQD09.md): Piper PA-18A-150 · Sanderson, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Feb 8, 1982 · N2887Z · Substantial damage > The pilot was the owner and operator of the aircraft. A search of the FAA airman and medical records revealed no indication of a previous rating. During takeoff, the plane was observed to climb to about 200 to 300 ft AGL, then nose down and crash. There was… - [NTSB LAX82DA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82DA064.md): Cessna 152 · Corona, CA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 6, 1982 · N49013 · Substantial damage > Following a preflight inspection of the aircraft by the student pilot, the aircraft departed the Corona municipal airport on a dual training flight. Upon reaching an altitude of approximately 300 feet, the engine quit. The instructor landed the aircraft… - [NTSB NYC82FNE03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC82FNE03.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Ellington, CT · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Feb 5, 1982 · N721FL · Substantial damage > The aircraft was allowed to warm up for 5 to 10 minutes at end of the runway before takeoff. The instructor pilot (ip) reported that the before takeoff run-up was made by using the checklist and all engine instruments were in-the-green. He reported that… - [NTSB FTW82DA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82DA055.md): Bell 206L-1 · Gulf Of Mexico · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Feb 4, 1982 · N2623 · Substantial damage > The helicopter was landed on an oil rig platform for refueling. The pilot stated that after refueling, he turned into the wind and took off. As the helicopter cleared the platform, it yawed left and pitched nose down. The pilot applied collective to cushion… - [NTSB MIA82FLD13](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA82FLD13.md): Cessna 172 · Crystal River, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Feb 1, 1982 · N5111D · Destroyed > The private pilot was a foreign national that was dispatched on a solo cross-country training flight. However, he departed on a different route with a passenger. During the return flight, he encountered deteriorating weather and decided to land at the Crystal… - [NTSB NYC82FFA03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC82FFA03.md): Piper PA-22 · Lake Placid, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Jan 31, 1982 · N6758B · Substantial damage > During takeoff, the engine lost power at about 250 ft AGL. At that time, the aircraft was about half way down the 4200 ft runway. The pilot applied carburetor heat and full flaps with the intention of landing on the runway. As the aircraft touched down on the… - [NTSB FTW82DA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82DA050.md): Cessna 140 · Bald Knob, AR · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jan 30, 1982 · N3041N · Substantial damage > An estimate two hours of fuel was observed in the aircraft during the preflight inspection. About 24 minutes after takeoff, the engine lost power during takeoff from a touch and go landing. The power loss occurred at about 100 to 150 ft AGL. The instructor… - [NTSB FTW82DA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82DA047.md): Grumman G-164A · Hobbs, NM · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jan 23, 1982 · N8584 · Destroyed > The aircraft engine failed seconds after takeoff on the first flight of the day. The pilot had insufficient altitude and speed to dump his load of dry fertilizer. The plane stalled and touched down hard in a three-point attitude and bounced. The plane then… - [NTSB ATL82FLT02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL82FLT02.md): Grumman AA-1 · New Albany, MS · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Jan 21, 1982 · N6142L · Destroyed > The airport manager stated that he heard the aircraft takeoff, turn right, then turn back left. A few seconds later he heard the engine rev up and shortly after it hit the trees. He further stated that there was fog in the area and the ceiling was no more… - [NTSB LAX82IA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82IA044.md): Piper PA-31-350 · San Jose, CA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1982 · N74HP · Minor damage > The aircraft was departing on an IFR flight from San Jose, CA to chester, CA. Shortly after liftoff at an altitude of about 50 feet AGL, the pilot heard a loud bang and the right front seat passenger informed him that the right propeller was missing. The… - [NTSB NYC82DA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC82DA026.md): Piper Aerostar 601P · Somerset, PA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jan 19, 1982 · N8043J · Substantial damage > The aircrew intended to depart at 1600 EST, but due to the general aviation reservation restrictions, the flight was delayed until 1700. The pilot reported the takeoff was normal until just before rotation at 85 to 90 KTS, when freezing rain began to obscure… - [NTSB MKC82FCQ08](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC82FCQ08.md): Mooney M20F · Cedar Vale, KS · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Jan 19, 1982 · N7761M · Destroyed > While landing on the previous flight, the propeller was damaged when it struck an electric fence. After the propeller was repaired, the pilot elected to takeoff at night. A mechanic stated that the pilot had removed all frost before takeoff. Witnesses stated… - [NTSB LAX82FVG14](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82FVG14.md): Cessna 150M · Davis, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Jan 18, 1982 · N63182 · Destroyed > The non-instrument rated pilot had recently received a night checkout on 1/8/82 and was scheduled to have been on a practive night flight. The three nearest weather stations reported ceilings between 200 ft and 400 ft and visibilities from 3/4 to 1 1/2 miles… - [NTSB LAX82DA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82DA042.md): Convair 440 · Honolulu, HI · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Jan 18, 1982 · N21DR · Destroyed > After lift-off, the pilot called for the landing gear to be raised. As the plane was climbing through about 100 ft AGL, the pilot noted a loss of power in the right engine and saw a fire light. Ground witnesses heard a muffled explosion and saw smoke and fire… - [NTSB ATL82FA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL82FA035.md): Beech F50 · Picayune, MS · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 17, 1982 · N654T · Destroyed > The aircraft took off during darkness with a single-engine pilot in the pilot-in-command (PIC) position and a multi-engine instructor pilot in the copilot (cp) position. The PIC had a full set of controls (when the yoke was on his side); however, there were… - [NTSB ANC82DA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC82DA014.md): Cessna 150 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Jan 17, 1982 · N63516 · Destroyed > During takeoff, the aircraft entered a fog bank near the end of the runway while the student was at the controls. The student released the yoke and thought the instructor had assumed control. The instructor reported that he was not paying close attention and… - [NTSB SEA82DA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA82DA018.md): Cessna 140 · Spokane, WA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jan 15, 1982 · N72901 · Substantial damage > After an annual inspection, the pilot made a thorough ground check and taxied out for a test flight. During takeoff, the engine lost power at about 50 ft AGL. The pilot landed on the runway overrun in about 9 inches of crusted snow and the plane nosed over.… - [NTSB NYC82FA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC82FA021.md): Swearingen SA 226-TC · Jamaica, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 15, 1982 · N341PL · Substantial damage > Before N341PL started takeoff on runway 31L, a Boeing 747 was cleared to taxi southeast down the outer/parallel taxiway. The taxiway was 375 ft right of the runway centerline. The 747 stopped momentarily, then turned 90 deg left onto taxi- way kk. Meanwhile,… - [NTSB DCA82AA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA82AA011.md): Boeing 737-222 · Washington, DC · Accident · 78 fatal · Final report · Jan 13, 1982 · N62AF · Destroyed > The Safety Board's full report on this investigation is provided as Aviation Accident Report number AAR-82/08. To obtain a copy of this report, or to view the executive summary online, please see the Web site at http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/publictn.htm Sched… - [NTSB DEN82FA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82FA017.md): Cessna 210N · Riverton, WY · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1982 · N6558A · Destroyed > The acft impacted a hill immediately after taking off. The wreckage was located 8,000 ft beyond the departure end of rwy 28 & 1,800 ft left of the rwy centerline extended. The accident site was approximately 55 ft above the airport elevation. Witnesses… - [NTSB CHI82FA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82FA025.md): Piper 23-250 · Wheeling, IL · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 10, 1982 · N6995Y · Destroyed > Shortly after takeoff the pilot noticed a loss of oil pressure on both engines and initiated a left turn back to the airport. During landing the aircraft departed the right side of runway 12, collided with, and substantially damaged two Cessna 150'S and… - [NTSB ATL82FLG08](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL82FLG08.md): Mooney M-20J · Hilton Head, SC · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jan 6, 1982 · N201NH · Substantial damage > During takeoff at about 200 to 300 feet the engine malfunctioned and the pilot elected to make a gear up landing. Investigation revealed that the left wing fuel tank contained over a quart of water. Water and a red substance similar in appearance to tank… - [NTSB ANC82FA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC82FA012.md): Cessna A185F · Bethel, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 5, 1982 · N3343S · Substantial damage > When a passenger arrived for a charter flight, the intended aircraft would not start. Therefore, Cessna A185F, N3343S, a wheel/ski equipped aircraft was selected for the flight. The pilot indicated that the temperature had been extremely cold on the… - [NTSB FTW82FRA14](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82FRA14.md): Cessna R172K · Hearne, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Jan 2, 1982 · N758SK · Destroyed > Before the aircraft took off, fog was noted at the airport. Witnesses reported that the ceiling was about 100 to 200 ft and the visibility was about 1/2 mile. Reportedly, the pilot tried to contact the fss by telephone; however, only a pay telephone was… - [NTSB FTW82FPG07](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82FPG07.md): Cessna 177RG · Little Rock, AR · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 31, 1981 · N1925Q · Substantial damage - [NTSB CHI82DEV05](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82DEV05.md): Cessna 172 · Carthage, IL · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 31, 1981 · N5357D · Substantial damage - [NTSB ANC82DAD04](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC82DAD04.md): Dehavnd Can DHC-2 · Big Pt Walter, AK · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 31, 1981 · N64396 - [NTSB MIA82DKJ02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA82DKJ02.md): Cessna 411 · Panama City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 30, 1981 · N222WW · Substantial damage - [NTSB CHI82FEE10](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82FEE10.md): Cessna 177RG · Monee, IL · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 29, 1981 · N53122 · Substantial damage - [NTSB DEN82FTA08](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82FTA08.md): Piper PA-24 · Rock Springs, MT · Accident · Serious injuries · Closed · Dec 27, 1981 · N9376P · Substantial damage - [NTSB NYC82FNC03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC82FNC03.md): Cessna 182K · Eliot, ME · Accident · Minor injuries · Closed · Dec 26, 1981 · N2677Q · Destroyed - [NTSB CHI82FEX05](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82FEX05.md): Cessna 172 · Paoli, IN · Accident · Serious injuries · Closed · Dec 26, 1981 · N5072A · Destroyed - [NTSB CHI82FEE09](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82FEE09.md): Cessna 177 · Paw Paw, IL · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 25, 1981 · N3485T · Substantial damage - [NTSB LAX82FVM08](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82FVM08.md): Piper PA-22 · Half Moon Bay, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Closed · Dec 24, 1981 · N8899C · Substantial damage - [NTSB CHI82FEX06](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI82FEX06.md): Cessna 182G · Jeffsonville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 24, 1981 · N3414S · Substantial damage - [NTSB FTW82DRD07](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW82DRD07.md): Bell 206L-1 · Gulf Of Mexico (Gulf of Mexico) · Accident · Serious injuries · Closed · Dec 21, 1981 · N2203X · Destroyed - [NTSB DEN82FTE12](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN82FTE12.md): Gulf-Amer AA-5A · Longmont, CO · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 19, 1981 · N26872 · Substantial damage - [NTSB ANC82DAA02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC82DAA02.md): Taylorcraft BC12-D · Nome, AK · Accident · No injuries · Closed · Dec 19, 1981 · N95245 · Substantial damage - [NTSB MKC82FA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC82FA013.md): Cessna T210N · Jackson, MI · Accident · 3 fatal · Closed · Dec 17, 1981 · N6347Y · Destroyed - [NTSB LAX82DUJ21](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX82DUJ21.md): Piper PA-28 · Show Low, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Closed · Dec 17, 1981 · N9404J · Substantial damage Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=218 ## The whole list in SQL Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS: ```sql WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')), crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')), current_codes AS ( SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code, row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*' AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982")) ), phases AS ( SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1 UNION ALL SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode" WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes) ), case_phases AS ( SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1 WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names) ) SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1 WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350) ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC ``` This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=217 --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.