# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 50 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CEN10LA409](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA409.md): Davis John TR-4 · Denton, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 19, 2010 · N767GW · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power and the pilot’s subsequent loss of control for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CEN10CA384](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA384.md): American AA-1 · Gallup, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 19, 2010 · N5660L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning and failure to attain an adequate airspeed that led to a stall/mush. Contributing to the accident was the lack of suitable terrain for an off-airport landing and the high density altitude.
- [NTSB CEN10CA410](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA410.md): Piper PA-25-260 · Cairo, NE · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 18, 2010 · N9552P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control.
- [NTSB ANC10CA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC10CA063.md): Cessna 172P · New Stuyahok, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 18, 2010 · N63022 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for takeoff, resulting in a collision with trees.
- [NTSB ERA10FA364](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10FA364.md): S.C. Aerostar Yak52 · South Portland, ME · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 2010 · N52MY · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not maintain adequate airspeed during an emergency return to the airport following a total loss of engine power, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. Contributing to the accident was a total loss of engine power for undetermined reasons and…
- [NTSB ERA10LA361](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA361.md): Robinson Helicopter R22 Beta · West Melbourne, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 15, 2010 · N74603 · Substantial damage
  > Separation of the main rotor drive belts due to maintenance personnel’s failure to adequately inspect the upper drive sheave prior to installing the belts.
- [NTSB WPR10LA339](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10LA339.md): Douglas A4L · Fallon, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 8, 2010 · N132AT · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power during takeoff due to the failure of the engine's stator and turbine. Contributing to the accident was inadequate maintenance.
- [NTSB WPR10FA326](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10FA326.md): Cessna 150 · Keller, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 2010 · N1053M · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from obstacles during the initial climb.
- [NTSB CEN10MA367](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10MA367.md): Cessna 421B · Alpine, TX · Accident · 5 fatal · Major investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 2010 · N31AS · Substantial damage
  > The degraded performance of the airplane due to the pilot not properly setting the flaps and retracting the landing gear after takeoff. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s fatigue.
- [NTSB WPR10FA325](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10FA325.md): Cessna 152 · Venice, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 2010 · N94838 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed and airplane control during initial climb, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall/spin and subsequent impact with the ground.
- [NTSB ERA11WA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA11WA157.md): Beech 300 · Jundiai, Brazil · Incident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · Jun 29, 2010 · PP-EPD · Minor damage
  > On June 29, 2010, about 1910 UTC, a Beech 300, Brazilian registration PP-EPD, operated by The Government of the State of Amazonas, Brazil had a blown tire during the landing roll following a forced landing shortly after takeoff from Jundiai Airport (SBJD),…
- [NTSB WPR10LA313](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10LA313.md): De Havilland DHC-1 · Port Orchard, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 2010 · N6540C · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power during initial climb due to water contamination in the fuel.
- [NTSB WPR10LA310](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10LA310.md): Rice KR-2 · Richfield, UT · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 23, 2010 · N44729 · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power during initial climb due to a carburetor malfunction.
- [NTSB WPR10LA292](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10LA292.md): Air Creation GTE · Springville, UT · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 2010 · N227EH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning and his failure to maintain clearance from obstacles during takeoff. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of experience.
- [NTSB ERA10CA311](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10CA311.md): Dwight Lohr Baby Ace · Carolina Beach, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 13, 2010 · N39D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from a tree during initial climb after takeoff.
- [NTSB CEN10RA319](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10RA319.md): Cessna 208 · Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Mexico · Accident · 9 fatal · Foreign investigation · Jun 13, 2010 · XA-TWK · Substantial damage
  > On June 13, 2010, approximately 1800 central daylight time, a Cessna 208B, XA-TWK, was substantially damaged upon impact with terrain following a loss of control during the initial climb from the Felipe Carrillo Puerto airstrip, Felipe Carrillo Puerto,…
- [NTSB WPR10FA287](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10FA287.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Eagar, AZ · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 2010 · N7699F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's operation of the aircraft outside of the manufacturer’s specified performance limitations, which resulted in the pilot's failure to maintain clearance from buildings and terrain during takeoff initial climb.
- [NTSB ERA10LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA307.md): Cessna 210L · Tampa, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 2010 · N2263S · Substantial damage
  > The total loss of engine power due to inadequate torgue on the crankcase bolts. Contributing to the accident was the inadequate inspection performed 19.5 hours prior to the accident.
- [NTSB ERA10LA302](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA302.md): Beech 60 · Edenton, NC · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 7, 2010 · N7022D · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor’s initiation of a simulated single engine scenario at or below the airplane’s minimum single engine control speed, resulting in a loss of airplane control. Contributing to the accident was the flight instructor’s failure to set full…
- [NTSB DCA10WA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA10WA071.md): Boeing 737 · Amsterdam Schiphol IAP, Netherlands · Incident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · Jun 6, 2010 · CN-RMF · Minor damage
  > On June 6, 2010, a Royal Air Maroc Boeing 737-400 experienced a bird strike during takeoff from Amsterdam Schiphol International Airport (EHAM), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. One engine lost power. The airplane returned to Schiphol and made an uneventful…
- [NTSB ERA10LA298](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA298.md): Cessna 150M · Pahokee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 2010 · N2990V · Substantial damage
  > A partial loss of power during takeoff for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ERA10LA297](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA297.md): Beech B19 · Rockohoma, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 2010 · N1958W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight inspection which resulted in a total loss of engine power during the initial climb due to fuel contamination.
- [NTSB CEN10CA305](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA305.md): Cessna 337 · Custer, SD · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 5, 2010 · N2267X · Substantial damage
  > A partial loss of engine power due to fuel starvation as a result of the pilot's inadequate fuel mismanagement.
- [NTSB WPR10LA302](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10LA302.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Richfield, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 2010 · N3922K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s decision to operate the unairworthy airplane with suspected performance deficiencies in a high density altitude and the subsequent partial loss of engine power due to low compression.
- [NTSB ANC10FA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC10FA048.md): Cessna U206F · Anchorage, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 2, 2010 · N59352 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s decision to load the airplane well beyond its allowable weight and center of gravity limits, resulting in a loss of control during the initial climb. Contributing to the severity of the injuries was the pilot’s decision to allow two child…
- [NTSB CEN10LA282](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA282.md): Cessna 172 · Las Cruces, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 2010 · N2723U · Destroyed
  > A loss of engine power due to fuel starvation as a result of water contamination in the fuel, and the pilot's inadequate preflight inspection. Contributing the accident was an inoperative number 5 cylinder exhaust valve.
- [NTSB CEN10CA284](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA284.md): Piper J3C-65 · Mount Pleasant, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 30, 2010 · N88117 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while turning resulting in a stall.
- [NTSB CEN10LA295](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA295.md): Pitts Aerobatics S-2B · Amarillo, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 2010 · N260PK · Destroyed
  > The fracture of the fuel pump housing for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CEN10LA276](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA276.md): Covell Kevin Scott Vans RV-4 · Collinsville, OK · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 2010 · N74RV · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power shortly after takeoff for undetermined reasons. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's decision to make a 180-degree turn at low level.
- [NTSB CEN10CA263](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA263.md): Piper J-3 · Parker, CO · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 27, 2010 · N8688 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane while landing in gusting winds.
- [NTSB WPR10FA264](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10FA264.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Chandler, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 26, 2010 · N4122T · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the maintenance personnel to ensure adequate torque of a fuel line fitting, which resulted in an in-flight fire.
- [NTSB ERA10LA275](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA275.md): Cessna 172N · Plattekill, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 2010 · N739RK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to place the fuel selector valve in the appropriate position for takeoff resulting in a partial loss of engine power. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's attempted takeoff at a higher than allowed gross weight.
- [NTSB ERA10LA267](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA267.md): Piper PA-46-350P · Clearwater, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 2010 · XBLTH · Substantial damage
  > The overweight condition of the airplane due to the pilot's inadequate preflight planning, resulting in the airplane's degraded climb performance. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's retraction of the flaps prior to reaching the manufacturer's…
- [NTSB WPR10FA239](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10FA239.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Redmond, OR · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 14, 2010 · N6967P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed, which resulted in a stall and collision with terrain.
- [NTSB CEN10CA249](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA249.md): Quicksilver GT-500 · Big Lake, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 11, 2010 · N5502D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of control when the airplane unexpectedly encountered a downdraft shortly after takeoff.
- [NTSB ERA10CA258](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10CA258.md): Moynahan Moynahan Pitts S-1S · Newnan, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 9, 2010 · N5FM · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion as a result of the pilot's inadequate preflight fuel planning.
- [NTSB CEN10LA242](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA242.md): Jorritsma Jerrold S Berkut · Loveland, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 2010 · N3255U · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to a malfunction of the fuel controller resulting in a compressor stall.
- [NTSB CEN10LA243](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA243.md): Mooney M20G · Benton, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 2010 · N9221V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the aborted takeoff.
- [NTSB CEN10LA234](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA234.md): CGS Hawk · Haysville, KS · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 2010 · UNREG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and loss of control of the airplane, for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ERA10LA251](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA251.md): Interstate S1A · Lakeland, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 2010 · N34926 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from terrain for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ERA10LA248](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA248.md): Engineering & Research Ercoupe 415-C · LaGrange, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 2010 · N87172 · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to the pilot's inadequate preflight inspection and his failure to ensure that the fuel tank shut-off valve was open resulting in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB OPS10IA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/OPS10IA155.md): Embraer EMB-135KL · Chicago, IL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 2010 · N806AE · 2 aircraft · No damage
  > The air traffic controller's issuance of an improper takeoff clearance to the pilot of the Embraer. Contributing to the incident was the instructor’s inadequate monitoring of the trainee local controller.
- [NTSB WPR10LA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10LA210.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Tooele, UT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 2010 · N331GP · Substantial damage
  > The complete loss of power in one engine due to fuel starvation as a result of the pilot's failure to reposition the cross-feed valve prior to takeoff and the flight instructor's failure to monitor the pilot's actions. Contributing to the accident was the…
- [NTSB CEN10CA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10CA211.md): Piper J3C-65 · White Bear Lake, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 20, 2010 · N87792 · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power during takeoff due to fuel contamination as a result of the pilot's inadequate preflight inspection.
- [NTSB ERA10TA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10TA215.md): Cessna 404 · Ponce, PR · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 7, 2010 · N6035 · Substantial damage
  > A loss of power to the right engine for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ERA10LA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10LA206.md): Center Charles C X-5 · Ghent, NY · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 2010 · N25761 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the initial climb, resulting in an aerodynamic stall. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's impairment.
- [NTSB ERA10FA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10FA202.md): Cessna 172E · West Milford, NJ · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 2010 · N5528T · Substantial damage
  > The complete loss of engine power due to fuel starvation.
- [NTSB CEN10LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10LA188.md): Beech 95 · Eden Prairie, MN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 2010 · N20FP · Substantial damage
  > The fatigue failure of an intake valve spring on the right engine, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power on takeoff.
- [NTSB CEN10FA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN10FA180.md): Beech B36TC · Dayton, OH · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 2010 · N4BA · Destroyed
  > The complete loss of engine power due to failure of the No. 1 main bearing, and the secondary failure of a crankcase through-bolt and the fuel pump drive coupling. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's decision to attempt a return to the airport for a…
- [NTSB ERA10FA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA10FA195.md): Piper PA46 · Roanoke, VA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 2010 · N6913Z · Destroyed
  > A malfunction of the flight controls for undetermined reasons.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=51

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=50

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.
