# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 60 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ANC07FA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07FA102.md): Cessna 180 · Whittier, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 22, 2007 · N46209 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot's seat to engage, or remain engaged, and the pilot's inadvertent stall/mush during takeoff-initial climb. Contributing to the accident was the failure of maintenance personnel to comply with an FAA AD regarding the pilot's seat rails.
- [NTSB NYC07LA233](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07LA233.md): Temco GC-1B · New Smyrna Bch, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 2007 · N2455B · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to fuel starvation, which was the result of a blocked fuel tank vent.
- [NTSB NYC07FA234](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07FA234.md): Beech H-18 · Ft. Lauderdale, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 2007 · N123MD · Destroyed
  > A total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation as a result of the pilot's failure to place the fuel selector for the right engine in the proper position. Contributing to the accident was the improper loading of the cargo.
- [NTSB CHI07LA302](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07LA302.md): Siebert RV-9A · Barton City, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 2007 · N3653 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed and aircraft control during initial climb after takeoff. Contributing to the accident was the gusting wind condition.
- [NTSB ANC07FA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07FA103.md): Short Bros. SC-7 · McGrath, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 2007 · N2088Z · Substantial damage
  > A collision with trees during takeoff-initial climb for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB CHI07LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07LA307.md): Beech V35B · Ravenna, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 2007 · N9271Q · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for an undetermined reason. Contributing to the accident was the tree that the airplane impacted during the forced landing.
- [NTSB ANC07CA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07CA101.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Cooper Landing, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 19, 2007 · N2825Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain altitude/clearance from objects, which resulted in an in-flight collision with trees during takeoff/initial climb. A factor contributing to the accident was the pilot's decision to takeoff into known adverse weather.
- [NTSB SEA07CA265](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07CA265.md): Piper PA 28-140 · Flagstaff, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 18, 2007 · N4764T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain an adequate airspeed, which resulted in a forced landing off the end of the runway. A contributing factor to the accident was the gusting wind.
- [NTSB NYC07LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07LA232.md): Francis SE5A Replica · Hendersonville, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 17, 2007 · N7072E · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB NYC07CA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07CA230.md): Grenier Kitfox IV · Moultonboro, NH · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 16, 2007 · N20577 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both spark plugs in the number 3 cylinder which resulted in a partial loss of engine power.
- [NTSB DEN07FA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN07FA158.md): Evektor-Aerotechnik a.s. SportStar · Erie, CO · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 2007 · N616EV · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed during takeoff-initial climb to avoid a stall/spin. Contributing to the accident was the flight instructor's inadequate preflight planning, his failure to calculate the airplane's weight and…
- [NTSB ANC07LA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07LA099.md): Piper PA-18 · Tok, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 2007 · N82022 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of an unsuitable takeoff area and failure to maintain clearance from trees during takeoff. Contributing to the accident were soft, muddy terrain conditions.
- [NTSB MIA07CA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07CA144.md): Cessna 177 · Columbia, SC · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 9, 2007 · N2353Y · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power as a result of the fuel mixture cable failure for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ATL07FA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07FA125.md): Cessna 172M · Mansfield, MA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 2007 · N19952 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of wing flaps during takeoff, which resulted in reduced climb performance and a subsequent stall. Contributing to the accident was the exceedance of the airplane's maximum gross weight.
- [NTSB ANC07LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07LA096.md): Cessna 185 · Anchorage, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 2007 · N1758R · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB SEA07LA254](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA254.md): Piper PA-46-350P · Corona, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 7, 2007 · N6070X · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation as a result of the pilot's fuel system mismanagement and failure to select a tank containing fuel.
- [NTSB DEN07CA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN07CA153.md): Jones Challenger II · Edgewood, NM · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 5, 2007 · N41734 · Substantial damage
  > The loss of aircraft control after encountering a dust devil.
- [NTSB SEA07LA252](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA252.md): Kearney Pulsar XP · Cottonwood, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 2007 · N137GK · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for an undetermined reason. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB CHI07FA290](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07FA290.md): Cessna 172C · Kelleys Island, OH · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 2007 · N1301Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane due to spatial disorientation. Contributing to the accident were the water and dark night conditions which resulted in the lack of ground references during the takeoff.
- [NTSB NYC07LA212](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07LA212.md): Schrack Starduster Too · Verona, KY · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 2007 · N5462 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during initial climb. Contributing to the accident was the inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB CHI07FA286](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07FA286.md): Yakovlev Yak 52 · Lake-in-Hills, IL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 2007 · N212YA · Substantial damage
  > The airplane descended and impacted terrain during initial climb for undetermined reasons. Contributing to the accident was the soft, uphill terrain.
- [NTSB ANC07TA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07TA093.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Valdez, AK · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Sep 3, 2007 · N2355H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for takeoff. A factor contributing to the accident was an inadvertent stall/mush.
- [NTSB MIA07CA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07CA139.md): Trinidad TB-20 · White Plains, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 2, 2007 · N84GT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain adequate airspeed for takeoff which resulted in a stall, runway overrun down an embankment, and collision with a fence. A factor in accident was the pilot not utilizing the full length of the runway for takeoff.
- [NTSB LAX07LA263](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA263.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Modesto, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 2007 · N13WA · Destroyed
  > The failure of the airplane's exhaust muffler during takeoff that was due to an inadequate annual inspection. Contributing to the accident were the pilot's inadequate inspection to isolate the smoke source, and the pilot's decision to continue flight with an…
- [NTSB DEN07LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN07LA152.md): Slingsby Swallow Type T.45 · Hutchinson, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 2007 · N7476 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during a low altitude release resulting in an inadvertent stall/spin. Contributing factors were the pilot's decision to turn back to the airport at low altitude and the wind gust.
- [NTSB LAX07CA260](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07CA260.md): Ayres SR2 · Goldendale, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 1, 2007 · N5180G · Minor damage
  > The failure of the parachute wing to completely deploy, which resulted in the pilot's failure to maintain directional control during takeoff.
- [NTSB DEN07LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN07LA150.md): Beech 35-B33 · Tucumcari, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 2007 · N2133B · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to properly set the mixture prior to departing in high density altitude conditions, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power, and degraded climb capability.
- [NTSB CHI07LA287](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07LA287.md): Mooney M20K · Fort Wayne, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 2007 · N231BQ · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power due to the fatigue failure of one of the number two cylinder connecting rod bolts.
- [NTSB LAX07FA258](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07FA258.md): Raytheon A36 · Cameron Park, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 2007 · N1098F · Substantial damage
  > The airplane's sudden encounter with a wind shift during the initial takeoff climb that resulted in degraded climb performance and a stall mush condition. Contributing to the accident was the airplane's over gross weight condition, high density altitude, the…
- [NTSB SEA07LA242](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA242.md): Air Tractor AT-502B · Blythe, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 2007 · N6003G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in a stall. A contributing factor was the high density altitude.
- [NTSB DEN07LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN07LA149.md): Piper PA-31P · Newton, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 2007 · N7325L · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the exhaust gasket on the number 6 cylinder for undetermined reasons. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB SEA07CA239](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07CA239.md): Cessna 210L · Cottage Grove, OR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 25, 2007 · N75032 · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for an undetermined reason. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX07LA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA253.md): Edra Aeronautica Seastar · Kapolei, HI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 2007 · N559AW · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to fuel starvation that resulted from the pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation and failure to ensure that an adequate fuel supply was onboard the aircraft.
- [NTSB ATL07CA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07CA107.md): McNicholas S-12 · Cambridge, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 25, 2007 · N8157Q · Substantial damage
  > The non certificated pilot's failure to remove the control lock prior to taxi and takeoff.
- [NTSB ANC07CA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07CA084.md): Cessna 180 · Skwentna, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 25, 2007 · N1560C · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions during takeoff initial climb, which resulted in the airplane descending uncontrolled into high vegetation. Factors contributing to the accident were wind gusts and a crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC07FA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07FA200.md): Beech C24R · Niceville, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 2007 · N1802N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s inadequate preflight inspection of the fuel quantity.
- [NTSB DEN07CA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN07CA141.md): Eaa Biplane P · Parker, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 21, 2007 · N6193 · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A contributing factor was the pilot's intentional maneuver into a piece of machinery.
- [NTSB LAX07CA254](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07CA254.md): Cessna 172 · Leavenworth, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 19, 2007 · N5967A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate clearance from the trees.
- [NTSB ATL07LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07LA116.md): Niva Thorp T-18 · Wellington, FL · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 2007 · N6GN · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to a partially blocked intake manifold and water contamination of the fuel.
- [NTSB MIA07LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07LA133.md): Beech B36TC · Clearwater, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 2007 · N6750C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper rotation and climb during the takeoff which resulted in a stall/mush, a descent, and an impact with the ground.
- [NTSB NYC07IA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07IA194.md): Piper PA-44-180 · New Bern, NC · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 2007 · N30521 · Minor damage
  > A failure of the stabilator control cable turnbuckle terminal fitting due to corrosion. Contributing to the accident were the mechanic's inadequate annual inspection, and the aircraft manufacturer's failure to provide adequate information in its maintenance…
- [NTSB NYC07FA193](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07FA193.md): Cessna 172N · Rochester, NY · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 2007 · N738JE · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failuire to maitain adequate airspeed during a turning maneuver which resulted in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB DFW07LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW07LA183.md): Huggles Sonex · Bonham, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 2007 · N557SX · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane on take off, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and subsequent collision with terrain.
- [NTSB ATL07LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07LA112.md): Falcon Safety Craft Falcon XP · Montgomery, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 2007 · N223FS · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power during initial climb for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB SEA07CA227](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07CA227.md): Mapes Kitfox V · Silverdale, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 11, 2007 · N422NL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during takeoff initial climb, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and uncontrolled descent to terrain impact.
- [NTSB CHI07CA264](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA264.md): Cessna 182 · Jasper, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 10, 2007 · N52998 · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power due to fuel starvation as a result of the pilot's inadequate preflight. The false indication of the fuel remaining in the fuel tanks and the corn crop were factors.
- [NTSB SEA07CA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07CA226.md): Eagle Eagle DW-1 · Waterville, WA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 9, 2007 · N8802E · Destroyed
  > The loss of engine power during takeoff for an undetermined reason. A contributing factor was the high vegetation in the field where the airplane came to rest.
- [NTSB MIA07LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07LA131.md): MBB BK-117 A-4 · Ridgeville, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 2007 · N171MU · Substantial damage
  > The EMS helicopter pilot's failure to ensure adequate obstacle clearance which resulted in the tail rotor impacting a tree during the takeoff.
- [NTSB CHI07CA262](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA262.md): Beech BE-77 · Bloomington, IN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 8, 2007 · N1837Y · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion as a result of the pilot's inadequate preflight.
- [NTSB LAX07FA241](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07FA241.md): Piper PA-28-140 · S. Lake Tahoe, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 5, 2007 · N8938C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning/decision, and his failure to maintain clearance from trees during takeoff-initial climb. Contributing to the accident were turbulence, downdrafts, and rising terrain.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=61

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=60

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.