# NTSB investigations: Initial climb

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 63 of 412 · 20,559 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB LAX07CA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07CA086.md): Schweizer SGS 2-3C · Jean, NV · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 9, 2007 · N2438W · Substantial damage
  > the tow hook jamming and failing to release from the glider.
- [NTSB SEA07LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA062.md): Cessna 172RG · Daytona Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 8, 2007 · N9395B · Substantial damage
  > The fracture and failure of the right landing gear actuator, which resulted in a gear collapse during the landing roll.
- [NTSB SEA07FA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07FA061.md): Cessna T210R · Rexburg, ID · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 8, 2007 · N6390U · Destroyed
  > The loss of engine power due to the contamination of the fuel manifold valve, and the pilot's continued operation of the airplane with known maintenance discrepancies.
- [NTSB SEA07CA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07CA057.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Ontario, OR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 4, 2007 · N9670T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to obtain and maintain an airspeed above Vs after lifting off of a remote gravel airstrip. Factors include the pilot's failure to correctly understand the procedure to use for a soft-field takeoff.
- [NTSB MIA07CA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07CA044.md): Airborne Windsports Classic · Sebring, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 26, 2007 · N757LW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay on the runway prior to takeoff that resulted in an encounter with wake turbulence from a landing jet that had to perform a go-around.
- [NTSB MIA07LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07LA043.md): Ryan Navion · Marco Island, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 2007 · N4456K · Substantial damage
  > A reported loss of engine power shortly after takeoff for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CHI07LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07LA070.md): Reisinger Sonerai II L · Alma, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 2007 · N59RR · Destroyed
  > The loss of engine power during takeoff-initial climb for an undetermined reason. A factor in the accident was the lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing.
- [NTSB NYC07CA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07CA059.md): Cessna 182E · Ashland, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 19, 2007 · N9392X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly secure the seat locking pin.
- [NTSB MIA07CA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07CA040.md): Jim Garrison N11 · Titusville, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 14, 2007 · N369JG · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to abort the takeoff after becoming airborne during taxi testing, and the failure of the pilot to maintain airspeed after becoming airborne resulting in an inadvertent stall, uncontrolled descent, and in-flight collision with a tree.
- [NTSB LAX07MA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07MA069.md): Cessna 525 · Van Nuys, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Major investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 2007 · N77215 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed during the initial climb resulting in an inadvertent stall/spin. Contributing to the accident were the second pilots inadequate preflight, failure to properly secure the front baggage door, and the front…
- [NTSB NYC07FA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07FA055.md): Piper PA-60-601P · Jamestown, NY · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 8, 2007 · N720Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's incorrect selection of the right engine fuel selector position, which resulted in fuel starvation of the right engine, a loss of the right engine's power, and a loss of control during initial climb. Contributing to the accident were the pilot's…
- [NTSB MIA07LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07LA041.md): Schweizer SGS 2-33 · Immokalee, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 6, 2007 · N5728S · No damage
  > The failure of the glider towing "weak link," for undetermined reasons, at an inadequate altitude to effect a normal landing, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB SEA07LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA038.md): Piper PA-22-150 · Blaine, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 22, 2006 · N7124D · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. Factors were the unsuitable rough/uneven terrain.
- [NTSB SEA07LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA037.md): Cavalier F51D Mustang · Rexburg, ID · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 2006 · N251RM · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing.
- [NTSB MIA07LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA07LA032.md): Clopton Aero Aerocomp Compair 7SL · Merritt Island, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 2006 · N286JL · Substantial damage
  > The airplane manufacturer's inadequate maintenance prior to final aircraft delivery, which resulted in fuel filter blockage and engine fuel starvation.
- [NTSB NYC07FA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07FA047.md): Cessna 310Q · Montgomery, NY · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 14, 2006 · N8FH · Substantial damage
  > Improper maintenance performed on the airplane by maintenance personnel, and the failure of the mechanic with an inspection authorization (IA) to verify the maintenance work performed, which resulted in a reverse elevator trim system, and subsequent loss of…
- [NTSB CHI07CA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI07CA075.md): Bombardier BD-100-1A10 · Waukegan, IL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 11, 2006 · N523FX · Substantial damage
  > The bird strike during initial climb after takeoff from the departure airport.
- [NTSB LAX07LA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA055.md): Higher Class Super Hornet · Chandler, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 10, 2006 · N45YB · Substantial damage
  > A loss of aircraft control for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB DFW07CA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW07CA035.md): Piper J3C-65 · Humnoke, AR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Dec 6, 2006 · N7054H · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power during initial takeoff climb for undetermined reasons. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB ATL07LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07LA021.md): Tennyson Howard Baslee DR-1 · Macon, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 24, 2006 · N8092L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot/owner's improper design change which resulted in a blocked carburetor inlet and a loss of engine power.
- [NTSB DFW07CA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW07CA031.md): Cessna 210 · Baytown, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 22, 2006 · N7499E · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the main landing gear to fully extend for an undetermined reason during takeoff-initial climb, which resulted in a gear-up landing.
- [NTSB LAX07FA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07FA035.md): Cessna 421B · Big Bear Lake, CA · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 14, 2006 · N642BD · Destroyed
  > Failure of the turbine wheel shaft in the left turbocharger during the takeoff initial climb for undetermined reasons, and the pilot's failure to attain and maintain safe single engine airspeed that led to a loss of control.
- [NTSB LAX07LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA032.md): Kolb MK III · Paulden, AZ · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 13, 2006 · N2031S · Destroyed
  > failure of the pilot to maintain an adequate airspeed that led to a stall/spin.
- [NTSB NYC07LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07LA027.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Williamsburg, VA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 2006 · N9430K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to depart into adverse weather conditions. Contributing was the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB LAX07LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA031.md): Ryan Navion B · Riverside, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 2006 · N5348K · Substantial damage
  > A leak in the fuel selector valve and gascolator that resulted in fuel starvation on takeoff due to air leakage into the fuel system. A contributing factor in the accident was the inadequate annual inspection performed by other maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB LAX07CA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07CA028.md): Strategie Ballloon Amazon · Page, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Nov 5, 2006 · PPXKY · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to identify grass clippings in the balloon envelope during a preflight inspection, which resulted in the balloon catching fire in flight.
- [NTSB NYC07LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC07LA021.md): Cessna 150F · McHenry, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 2, 2006 · N7953F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight inspection, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and a loss of engine power during takeoff-initial climb.
- [NTSB DFW07LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW07LA017.md): Mooney M20E · Nacogdoches, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 30, 2006 · N2591W · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB LAX07LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA023.md): Moyes Dragonfly · Brentwood, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 2006 · UNREG · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to obtain and maintain an adequate airspeed during the initial climb resulting in a stall and uncontrolled descent into terrain.
- [NTSB LAX07LA022](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA022.md): Fish Vans RV-6 · Turlock, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 2006 · N1198N · Substantial damage
  > a partial loss of engine power due to the broken piston rings in the no. 4 cylinder. Also causal was the pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while maneuvering for a forced landing, which resulted in a stall/mush.
- [NTSB DFW07CA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW07CA014.md): Champion 7ECA · Ethel, AR · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 27, 2006 · N2590F · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance with the trees and terrain. Contributing factors were the prevailing fog and the dark night conditions.
- [NTSB LAX07LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA020.md): Aero Commander 112 · Chino, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 23, 2006 · N1022J · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power during the initial climb after takeoff due to blocked fuel vent lines that resulted in fuel starvation. Contributing to the accident was an inadequate preflight inspection by the pilot-in-command (CFI).
- [NTSB SEA07LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA009.md): Helio H-295 · Lake Isabel, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 21, 2006 · N6471V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while maneuvering for a precautionary landing following a partial loss of engine power, which resulted in an inadvertent stall/mush and subsequent hard landing. A contributing factor was the partial loss of engine…
- [NTSB SEA07CA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07CA015.md): Cessna 210E · Friday Harbor, WA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 21, 2006 · N4942U · Substantial damage
  > An in-flight collision with a bird during takeoff.
- [NTSB DFW07LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW07LA010.md): Taylor Zodiac 601 · San Antonio, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 21, 2006 · N143DT · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB ATL07LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07LA012.md): Cessna A188B · New Bern, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 21, 2006 · N9176R · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for undetermined reasons and the pilot's continued operation of the airplane with known deficiencies with the engine, which resulted in a forced landing and in-flight collision with the ground.
- [NTSB ATL07CA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07CA011.md): Air Tractor AT-802A · Linden, AL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 13, 2006 · N8504T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's attempt to takeoff downwind resulting in the airplane not clearing trees at the end of the runway.
- [NTSB ATL07CA006](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07CA006.md): McCullough J-2 · Indian Trail, NC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 12, 2006 · N4362G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for gusting wind conditions and his improper landing flare during an emergency landing after takeoff resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ATL07CA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07CA007.md): Cessna 188B · Belhaven, NC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 11, 2006 · N91181 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for wind conditions and maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and subsequent in-flight collision with terrain.
- [NTSB ANC07LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC07LA001.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Port Alsworth, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 9, 2006 · N996PK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, which resulted in a loss of control while maneuvering, and an in-flight collision with tree covered terrain. Factors associated with the accident are the pilot's inadequate evaluation of weather…
- [NTSB LAX07LA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA005.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Upland, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 8, 2006 · N821SH · Substantial damage
  > Disconnection of the throttle control linkage due to improper maintenance, which resulted in a loss of engine power during initial climb.
- [NTSB LAX07LA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX07LA003.md): Ulfeldt Kitfox IV-1200 · Gridley, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 2006 · N134U · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed while attempting a return to runway maneuver that led to a stall spin. The reason for the power loss was not ascertained.
- [NTSB DFW07CA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW07CA001.md): Champion Citabria · Slidell, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 6, 2006 · N6379N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from a parked vehicle.
- [NTSB ATL07FA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL07FA002.md): Cessna 177 · Stockbridge, GA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 6, 2006 · N2320Y · Destroyed
  > The pilot's attempted takeoff over the allowable takeoff gross weight of the airplane and his failure to maintain airspeed during climb after takeoff.
- [NTSB SEA07LA001](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA07LA001.md): Oneil Oneil Glassair II-S · Richland, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 1, 2006 · N204BL · Substantial damage
  > Loss of partial engine power for undetermined reasons during the initial climb after takeoff. Trees were a factor during the landing roll.
- [NTSB SEA06LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA06LA188.md): Ercoupe 415-C · Trenton, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 2006 · N3233H · Substantial damage
  > A partial loss of engine power just after takeoff due to water contamination of the auto fuel added to the aircraft fuel system just prior to the flight. Factors include the pilot's inadequate preflight, no suitable landing area near the departure end of the…
- [NTSB ATL06FA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06FA129.md): Beech F-33A · Alabaster, AL · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 23, 2006 · N8148R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while maneuvering toward an emergency landing area following the total loss of engine power shortly after takeoff resulting in an inadvertent stall, uncontrolled descent, and collision with the ground, and a fence. A…
- [NTSB LAX06LA298](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06LA298.md): Mooney M20C · Auburn, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 2006 · N5577Q · Substantial damage
  > the fatigue failure of the elevator's control rod due to inadequate lubrication. Contributing factors were the inadequate maintenance and the owner-pilot's failure to comply with an airworthiness directive.
- [NTSB NYC06LA224](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06LA224.md): Garlick OH-58A · East Bridgewate, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 2006 · N802JB · No damage
  > The completion center's installation of the incorrect (shorter) release cable, and the ground crewmember's improper movement under the flight path during a bin transfer.
- [NTSB DEN06LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN06LA126.md): Beech 77 · Live Oak, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 2006 · N3818M · Destroyed
  > a loss of engine power for reasons undetermined, and an inadvertent stall while maneuvering.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases.md?page=64

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 350)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350/cases?page=63

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.