# NTSB investigations: Enroute

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 269 of 718 · 35,889 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI91DEE02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEE02.md): Maule M-4-220C · Romeoville, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Dec 11, 1990 · N40614 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight inspection resulting in power loss from fuel contamination. A factor in the accident was the owner's failure to accomplish airworthiness directive 84-9-7 which provided direct, convenient access to sample and purge the main…
- [NTSB ATL91LA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA030.md): Beech S35 · N. Myrtle Beach, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 11, 1990 · N53G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to ensure that the engine oil filter was properly installed prior to flight, resulting in engine oil loss and eventual failure of the engine.
- [NTSB FTW91LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA024.md): Cessna 152 · Gilmer, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 10, 1990 · N68776 · Substantial damage
  > A power loss due to the pilot's improper use of carburetor heat.
- [NTSB SEA91LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA031.md): Beech 3NM · Bozeman, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N9159B · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the right engine master rod.
- [NTSB LAX91LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA051.md): Ercoupe 415-C · Madera, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N3080H · Substantial damage
  > Engine failure due to a plugged vent line, affecting the ability of the system to transfer fuel to the main tank.
- [NTSB ATL91LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA029.md): Piper PA 28R-200 · Senoia, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 9, 1990 · N5003T · Substantial damage
  > Improper preflight planning and preparation by the pilot which resulted in fuel exhaustion. Factors to the accident were the dark night operation and the collision with utility lines.
- [NTSB CHI91LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA043.md): Cessna 152 · Joliet, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1990 · N48779 · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate visual lookout by the pilots of both aircraft, which resulted in their failure to see-and-avoid each other's aircraft.
- [NTSB ATL91LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA034.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Hickory, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1990 · N9685J · Substantial damage
  > The pilots's inadequate visual lookout during flight. A factor in the accident was the pilot's failure to maintain a safe altitude.
- [NTSB ATL91LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA027.md): Beech 23C · Dunlap, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 8, 1990 · N5147M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to use the carburetor heat properly, which resulted in the formation of carburetor ice, followed by a complete loss of engine power. Factors to this accident were carburetor icing conditions and the rough and uneven terrain at the crash…
- [NTSB NYC91FA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91FA042.md): Beech A24R · Owls Head, NY · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 5, 1990 · CGJKL · Destroyed
  > The pilot's continued VFR flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Factors related to the accident were: darkness, adverse weather conditions, and mountainous terrain.
- [NTSB SEA91LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA028.md): Aerospatiale SA316B · Vernal, UT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 3, 1990 · N316BS · Destroyed
  > A malfunction/failure of the helicopter's main rotor lead-lag damper.
- [NTSB SEA91LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA029.md): Cessna 182A · Burns, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1990 · N4005D · Substantial damage
  > The formation of carburetor ice when the pilot delayed the use of carburetor heat.
- [NTSB LAX91LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA048.md): Cessna T-206 · Tonto Basin, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1990 · N8655Z · Substantial damage
  > The failure of a connecting rod in the engine.
- [NTSB CHI91LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA040.md): Cessna 182 · Howell, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1990 · N70608 · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion due to re-fueling not performed by the PIC. Contributing factors were fuel consumption calculations misjudged by the PIC.
- [NTSB CHI91LA038](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA038.md): Cessna 150 · Grand Haven, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 2, 1990 · N7199S · Substantial damage
  > Delayed application of carburetor heat by the PIC. Contributing factors were carburetor icing conditions (weather) and none suitable terrain.
- [NTSB SEA91FA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA027.md): Aero Commander 690A · Ryderwood, WA · Accident · 5 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 1, 1990 · N400N · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper inflight planning and failure to maintain proper altitude in mountainous terrain at night.
- [NTSB SEA91FA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA025.md): Piper PA31 · Enumclaw, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 29, 1990 · N13UW · Destroyed
  > Fuel exhaustion due to inadequate preflight planning and preparations, and poor inflight planning and decisions. The pilot elected to fly into known adverse weather conditions, and did not calculate fuel consumption for the planned flight.
- [NTSB NYC91LA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA040.md): Enstrom F-28C · Easton, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 28, 1990 · N4953X · Destroyed
  > An inflight failure of the left side cabin mount bracket which resulted in a loss of lateral cyclic control. Factors related to the accident were: an incomplete inspection of the helicopter following a hard landing with a blade strike.
- [NTSB LAX91LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA042.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Livermore, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1990 · N2601X · Destroyed
  > Inadvertent flight by the pilot into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and her failure to maintain adequate altitude and/or clearance from mountainous terrain. The adverse weather and terrain conditions were related factors.
- [NTSB LAX91IA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91IA039.md): Cessna 152 · Wahiawa, HI · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1990 · N95144 · 2 aircraft · Minor damage
  > The inadequate visual lookout of the pilots of both airplanes which resulted in the collision. Contributing to the accident was the improper VFR procedures of N88TE while transitioning through the wheeler afb airport traffic area.
- [NTSB LAX91FA045](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA045.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Show Low, AZ · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1990 · N31638 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision, which resulted in loss of engine power, due to induction system icing. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse weather condition and lack of a suitable area for a forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX91FA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA044.md): Cessna T210-F · Fontana, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1990 · N6775R · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's decision to continue flight into known adverse weather conditions during the hours of darkness in mountainous terrain.
- [NTSB BFO91LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA018.md): Bell 47J2A · Matoaca, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 23, 1990 · N8514P · Substantial damage
  > The failure of four propeller retention and the pilot's misjudgement of the forced landing approach.
- [NTSB CHI91DEX01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEX01.md): Cessna 210G · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Nov 22, 1990 · N5819F · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate maintenance and inspection of the airplane resulting in an engine power loss due to water and fuel contamination. A contributing factor was the dark night.
- [NTSB ATL91FA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91FA018.md): Cessna 182E · Blairsville, GA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1990 · N3506Y · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion resulting in engine stoppage, and the pilot's failure to obtain fuel earlier in the flight.
- [NTSB SEA91FA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA020.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Albion, ID · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1990 · N4325X · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain control of the airplane in instrument meteorological conditions. Factors which contributed to the accident were the pilot's apprehension of flying in the forecasted weather, and the adverse weather conditions…
- [NTSB MIA91FA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91FA029.md): Cessna 172M · Homestead, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1990 · N80509 · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to insure adequate fuel was present in the aircraft for the flight resulting in loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB LAX91LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA035.md): Cessna 210M · Fallbrook, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1990 · N9139M · Destroyed
  > The failure of the number 5 cylinder piston connecting rod due to bending and subsequent fatigue fracture. Contributing to the accident was the improper starting procedure accomplished by an unidentified person which resulted in excessive fuel in the cylinder…
- [NTSB LAX91FA040](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA040.md): Beech S-35 · Kingman, AZ · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1990 · N5748K · Destroyed
  > Proper altitude not maintained. Contributing to the accident was: the lack of supplemental oxygen on board the aircraft, pilot fatigue, improper use of the auto pilot, and pilot complacency.
- [NTSB ATL91LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA019.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Winston-Salem, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 20, 1990 · N8774N · Substantial damage
  > Failure of a piston pin plug which resulted in a total loss of power. Factors in the accident were an inadequate engine overhaul which led to premature engine wear, and the pilot's failure to obtain proper maintenance following a loss of engine oil pressure.
- [NTSB SEA91FA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA019.md): Cessna 206 · Pullman, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1990 · N5184U · Destroyed
  > The pilot displayed inadequate inflight planning and decision making. Factors to the accident were: the weather was obscured, the dark night condition, and a proper altitude not maintained.
- [NTSB NYC91LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA031.md): Beech B36TC · Caldwell, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1990 · N38PK · Substantial damage
  > Premature rotation and an inadvertent stall. Factors include lack of total experience in this type of aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA91LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA028.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Inverness, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1990 · N4820L · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to refuel the airplane. Factors were: uel exhaustion, the pilot's lack of total aeronautical experience, and soft terrain.
- [NTSB DEN91IA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91IA019.md): Beech J-35 · Brighton, CO · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1990 · N8263D · Minor damage
  > The failure of the engine fuel feed line resulting in a complete loss of power. Contributing to the incident was improper installation of the fuel feed transducer.
- [NTSB MIA91LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA027.md): Cessna 172P · Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic Ocean) · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 17, 1990 · N51101 · Destroyed
  > Delay of the pilot to obtain assistance and, as a result, he ditched the airplane near a boat due to a low fuel supply.
- [NTSB LAX91LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA032.md): Cessna 172RG · San Clemente, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 17, 1990 · N5257V · Destroyed
  > The pilots selection of improper cruise altitude while operating under a low overcast on a dark night. A factor in the accident was fatigue and lack of sleep.
- [NTSB NYC91LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA029.md): Piper PA-32-301R · Alton, NH · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 16, 1990 · N8473H · Substantial damage
  > The total loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. Contributing to the severity of the accident was the unsuitable terrain in which the forced landing was made.
- [NTSB BFO91LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA015.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Milton, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 16, 1990 · N6996A · Substantial damage
  > The in-flight failure of both engines due to the pilot's mismanagement of the fuel system.
- [NTSB NYC91DNA01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91DNA01.md): Bell 47-G3-B · Nantucket, MA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Nov 15, 1990 · N2921W · Destroyed
  > A hard landing, after a power loss due to improper use of the carburetor heat control by the pilot.
- [NTSB BFO91LA014](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA014.md): Hughes 269C · Louisville, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1990 · N9280F · Substantial damage
  > Fatigue failure of the number 1 cylinder connecting rod.
- [NTSB BFO91LA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA012.md): Taylor Rotorway Executive · Keysville, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1990 · N514RT · Substantial damage
  > A jammed engine throttle cable. Factors related to the accident are inadequate maintenance inspection and low rotor RPM.
- [NTSB NYC91LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA026.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Saxton, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1990 · N2972D · Substantial damage
  > An engine failure due to fuel starvation and the subsequent forced landing in unsuitable terrain. Factors related to the accident were the cfi's inadequate execution of emergency procedures.
- [NTSB LAX91LA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA027.md): Cessna 177A · Dana Point, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1990 · N30438 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper fuel consumption calculations.
- [NTSB DEN91LA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA016.md): Fogarty Pitts S1SEW · Bennett, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1990 · N87PF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to refuel the airplane and the resultant fuel exhaustion induced power loss. A factor was the soft terrain in which the forced landing was performed.
- [NTSB CHI91FA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91FA026.md): Cessna 182D · Walker, MI · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1990 · N9075X · Destroyed
  > VFR flight into IMC conditions. Factors related to the accident are failure to obtain a preflight weather briefing, becoming lost/disoriented, induction air filter icing, excessive workload, and lack of total experience in type of operation.
- [NTSB ATL91IA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91IA017.md): Fokker F28 MK0100 · Atlanta, GA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1990 · N850US · No damage
  > Frozen moisture in the stabilizer actuator hydraulic servo valve which resulted in reduced movement of the servo valve and limited its ability to respond to flight control inputs. The lack of response from the servo valve resulted in the jammed stabilizer…
- [NTSB ATL91IA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91IA016.md): Saab-Scania 340A · Memphis, TN · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1990 · N322PX · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow approved procedures for troubleshooting inflight maintenance problems and improperly used the flight and engine controls.
- [NTSB NYC91LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA041.md): Cessna 152 · Zanesville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1990 · N757FW · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of carburetor heat by the pilot, which resulted in a loss of power due to carburetor ice. Factors related to the accident were: carburetor icing (weather) conditions and soft terrain in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB MIA91FA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91FA023.md): Cessna 421B · Flamingo, FL · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1990 · N21ST · Destroyed
  > An undetermined airframe/component/system failure/malfunction, which resulted in a fuel fed fire in the left wing.
- [NTSB CHI91DEP02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEP02.md): Cessna 172P · Hayward, WI · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Nov 9, 1990 · N64406 · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's intentional flight into known adverse weather.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400/cases.md?page=270

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 400)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400/cases?page=269

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.