# NTSB investigations: Enroute

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 280 of 718 · 35,885 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC90LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA035.md): Beech B-23 · Tinton Falls, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1989 · N2350L · Substantial damage
  > Precautionary landing in unsuitable terrain following a partial power loss due to a failed exhaust valve.
- [NTSB FTW90DRA01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90DRA01.md): Cessna A188B · Muldoon, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Nov 27, 1989 · N4090J · Substantial damage
  > A total power loss due to water contamination in the fuel. A factor was the pilot's inadequate preflight inspection.
- [NTSB DEN90FA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90FA027.md): Piper PA-46P-350 · Des Moines, IA · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 27, 1989 · N919S · Destroyed
  > Loss of engine power for undetermined reason(s). The light conditions (dusk) and trees in in the emergency landing area were considered to be contributing factors.
- [NTSB MIA90FA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90FA031.md): Cessna 170A · Rogersville, TN · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 26, 1989 · N9192A · Destroyed
  > Continued flight into instrument meteorological conditions by a non-instrument rated pilot resulting in spatial disorientation and a loss of aircraft control. Factors contributing to the accident were: the pilot's overconfidence in his ability to fly in…
- [NTSB FTW90LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA035.md): Beech V35 · Crosbyton, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1989 · N27007 · Destroyed
  > Improper overhaul of the aircraft engine by maintenance personnel that led to the complete loss of engine oil due to an undertorqued oil cooler assembly. Factors in the accident were the failure of maintenance personnel to detect the condition during the…
- [NTSB FTW90DPJ02](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90DPJ02.md): Logan, B.A. Windrose · Norman, OK · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Nov 25, 1989 · N7010L · Destroyed
  > The inadvertent stall and the pilot's improper emergency recovery procedures. A factor was the power loss for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB DEN90LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA025.md): Piper PA-28 · Steamboat Spgs, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1989 · N6385R · Destroyed
  > Continued VFR flight by the pilot into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) and his delay in diverting or reversing course. The terrain, weather conditions, wing ice, and trees were considered to be contributing factors.
- [NTSB ATL90FA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90FA031.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Helen, GA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 25, 1989 · N7681P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly preflight and plan en route refueling stops. The airplane collided with trees during the emergency descent.
- [NTSB FTW90FA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90FA031.md): Cessna 210E · Matagorda 526 · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 23, 1989 · TGGUW · Destroyed
  > The separation of the propeller system for unknown reasons. Contributing to the severity of the injuries was the pilot's failure to assure that a raft and/or lifevests were on the airplane during the overwater portion of the flight.
- [NTSB CHI90DET01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90DET01.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Decatur, IN · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Nov 23, 1989 · N5483P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of the fuel supply, inaccurate fuel consumption calculations, and his improper in-flight planning/decision, which resulted in fuel exhaustion. The lack of suitable terrain for an emergency landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB MKC90LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA036.md): Burdette Cuby PA-11 · Ashland, KS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1989 · N99615 · Substantial damage
  > An undetermined problem with the fuel system, which resulted in a loss of engine power, and operation of the aircraft by the pilot with the known deficiency. The uneven (terraced) terrain was a contributing factor.
- [NTSB MKC90LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA033.md): Beech A24R · Richmond, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1989 · N8074R · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of the fuel tank selector by the pilot and his improper use of emergency procedures, which resulted in fuel starvation after a fuel tank had emptied. Contributing factors were: inoperative fuel quantity gauges, pilot's operation with known…
- [NTSB DEN90LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90LA026.md): Cessna T210L · Gillette, WY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1989 · N843YT · Substantial damage
  > Forced landing in unsuitable terrain as a result of an engine crankshaft failure at low level cruise flight.
- [NTSB CHI90FA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90FA029.md): Piper PA-28-235 · Monroe Center, IL · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 22, 1989 · N9465W · Destroyed
  > In-flight fire initiated by an inadequately installed wiring harness and propagated by an existing fuel leak which was not repaired.
- [NTSB SEA90LA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA020.md): Cessna 172 · Bremerton, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 21, 1989 · N63496 · Destroyed
  > Fuel exhaustion and inadequate preflight planning.
- [NTSB SEA90LA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA018.md): Cessna 140 · Amboy, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1989 · N2070V · Destroyed
  > Loss of engine power due to carburetor icing.
- [NTSB MKC90FA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90FA032.md): Beech 95-B55B · Lakeville, MN · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1989 · N5678K · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate visual lookout by the pilot in command in both aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA90LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA90LA029.md): Beech 58 · Fernandina Bch, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1989 · N6659D · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to perform the emergency gear extension procedure to assure that the gear was down and locked. Factors related to the accident were: low oil pressure in the right eng, failure of both voltage regulators, and the low level of charge in the…
- [NTSB CHI90LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90LA039.md): Beech V35B · Momence, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1989 · N1809W · Substantial damage
  > Gradual total failure of the powerplant due to oil exhaustion during a night cross country operation, and the subsequent gear-up forced landing on a frozen field.
- [NTSB ATL90LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA028.md): Mooney M20E · Georgetown, SC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 18, 1989 · N1253X · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing. A factor was the student's lack of recent experience.
- [NTSB FTW90FA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90FA033.md): Cessna 182P · Slidell, LA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 15, 1989 · N7351N · Destroyed
  > The pilot's initiation of the flight into known adverse weather conditions which resulted in spatial disorientation and his failure to maintain sufficient altitude over the water. Factors were: darkness and the adverse weather conditions that prevailed.
- [NTSB BFO90LA011](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA011.md): Enstrom F-28F · Wilmington, DE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 14, 1989 · N8627J · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power as a result of the student pilot inadvertently pulling the mixture control to the idle cut-off position, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision. A contributing factor to the accident was the rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB NYC90LA028](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA028.md): Cessna 205 · Morristown, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1989 · N8419Z · Substantial damage
  > In-flight collision with object.
- [NTSB NYC90LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA026.md): Beech A24R · Bridgeport, CT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 12, 1989 · N24569 · Substantial damage
  > The airplane engine throttle cable failed and the engine power reduced to idle over long island sound, resulting in the ditching of the airplane.
- [NTSB MKC90FA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90FA026.md): Cessna T210 · Columbia, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1989 · N6397U · Substantial damage
  > An engine compartment fire due to a missing turbocharger exhaust duct and tailpipe assembly. The clamp used to retain the tailpipe assembly to the turbocharger was also missing, contributing factor(s) was: the soft terrain.
- [NTSB FTW90LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA025.md): Beech 95 · Floydada, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 11, 1989 · N17AT · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the propeller attachment bolts due to fatigue in four of the bolts and overload in another. A contributing factor was the loss of electrical power and the deteriorated airplane control/preformance.
- [NTSB MKC90LA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA029.md): Cessna 152 · Cape Girardeau, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1989 · N47446 · Substantial damage
  > Poor planning by the pilot in not refueling enroute which resulted in fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB BFO90LA009](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA009.md): Beech C33 · Richmond, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 10, 1989 · N4897J · Substantial damage
  > Cracked fuel flow indicator fuel line which allowed fuel to come in contact with electrical components of the instrument panel which resulted in a fire.
- [NTSB MKC90LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90LA024.md): Mcdonnell Douglas 369HS · Oklee, MN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 9, 1989 · N9213F · Substantial damage
  > An undetermined power plant failure. Factors related to the accident were: the snow covered terrain, snow, and gusty wind.
- [NTSB SEA90FA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90FA133.md): Cessna 172M · Snoqualmie, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 8, 1989 · N73422 · Destroyed
  > Intentional flight into known adverse weather conditions and poor weather evaluation by the pilot.
- [NTSB FTW90LA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA023.md): Cessna P206 · Thelma, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1989 · N2566X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to drain all the water from the fuel system during preflight.
- [NTSB FTW90FA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90FA024.md): Cameron V-77 · Tornillo, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1989 · N1998Y · Substantial damage
  > Mechanical failure of the ignitor system, and failure of the pilot to use emergency burner relight procedures.
- [NTSB BFO90LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA007.md): Gulfstream American AA-5B · Windmill Point, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1989 · N4519L · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power due to oil starvation.
- [NTSB BFO90FA008](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90FA008.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Laurel, MD · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 5, 1989 · N47759 · Substantial damage
  > Lost of engine power caused by material failure of the number three cylinder exhaust valve. The failure was attributed to excessive temperature.
- [NTSB ATL90LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL90LA025.md): Cessna 152 · Dyersburg, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Nov 4, 1989 · N95617 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's temporary physical condition (possible hyperventilation or anxiety attack). Soft terrain in the emergency landing area was considered to be a related factor.
- [NTSB DEN90FA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90FA017.md): Cessna 172RG · Laramie, WY · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Nov 1, 1989 · N4825V · Destroyed
  > The loss of control of the airplane in instrument meteorological conditions after the pilot became spatially disoriented. Contributing to the accident was the failure of the vacuum system which rendered the vacuum/gyro instruments inoperative. Also…
- [NTSB LAX90FA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90FA019.md): Beech 77 · Kalihi, HI · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 31, 1989 · N3731X · Destroyed
  > VFR flight by the pilot into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and his failure to maintain sufficient altitude and clearance from mountainous terrain. The adverse weather and terrain conditions were related factors.
- [NTSB CHI90DEG01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI90DEG01.md): Mccomb RV-4 · Eaton, OH · Accident · 2 fatal · Final report · Oct 31, 1989 · N828BM · Destroyed
  > Poor in-flight planning/decision by the pilot which resulted in spatial disorientation and an inadvertent spiral. Factors related to the accident were: the dark night and instrument lights not installed.
- [NTSB MKC90FA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MKC90FA020.md): Cessna 402B · Little Rock, AR · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1989 · N6382X · Substantial damage
  > A leak in the aircraft's fuel system which resulted in an in-flight fire. The origin of the fuel leak was not determined.
- [NTSB LAX90LA015](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90LA015.md): Grumman AA-1A · Borrego Springs, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1989 · N9330L · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the engine exhaust valve.
- [NTSB FTW90LA019](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90LA019.md): Cessna 182J · Leesville, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1989 · N2792F · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. Contributing to the severity of the accident was: the lack of a suitable landing area.
- [NTSB DCA90MA005](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA90MA005.md): De Havilland DHC-6-300 · Halawa,Molokai, HI · Accident · 20 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Oct 29, 1989 · N707PV · Destroyed
  > The airplane's controlled flight into terrain as a result of the decision of the captain to continue flight under visual flight rules at night into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), which obscured rising mountainous terrain. Contributing to the…
- [NTSB BFO90LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO90LA004.md): Piper PA-23-150 · Wytheville, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 29, 1989 · N2224P · Substantial damage
  > The loss of propeller control which resulted in engine shutdown and subsequent forced landing on unsuitable terrain.
- [NTSB NYC90LA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA021.md): Boeing B75N · Willimantic, ME · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 28, 1989 · N68972 · Substantial damage
  > An inadvertent stall clearing trees during a forced landing following a power loss due to a fuel line separating from the carburetor and fuel starvation.
- [NTSB SEA90LA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA010.md): Hughes 369D · Neah Bay, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1989 · N9163F · Substantial damage
  > Fatigue failure of all four attachment studs of the tailrotor gearbox resulting in separation of the gear box, and inadequate maintenance inspection.
- [NTSB LAX90DUD01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90DUD01.md): Wheeler Acft. Express 100 · W. Los Angeles, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Oct 27, 1989 · N200EX · Destroyed
  > The mechanical failure of the engine due to the wearing away of the piston pin plug, connecting rod bearings, and the breakage of the connecting rod at the lower end. Contributing to the severity of the accident was the forced landing into a residential area…
- [NTSB FTW90FA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW90FA018.md): Cessna TR182 · Crane, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1989 · N756WH · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadvertent flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and his loss of aircraft control, due to spatial disorientation. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse weather conditions, and the pilot's lack of instrument…
- [NTSB DEN90IA016](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN90IA016.md): Boeing 737-322 · Rapid City, SD · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Oct 27, 1989 · N344UA · No damage
  > The inflight failure of the recirculating fan unit and several air duct temperature limiting sensors.
- [NTSB LAX90FA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX90FA017.md): Beech F35 · Lake Berryessa, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Oct 26, 1989 · N5034B · Destroyed
  > Inadequate visual lookout by the pilot and his failure to maintain proper altitude. The power lines was a related factor.
- [NTSB NYC90LA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC90LA017.md): Cessna T172N · Townsend, MA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Oct 25, 1989 · N6309F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to use carburetor heat during weather conditions favorable to carburetor icing. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400/cases.md?page=281

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 400)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400/cases?page=280

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.
