# NTSB investigations: Maneuvering

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 105 of 377 · 18,850 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI01LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA162.md): Giackino Exec 162F · Manistique, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 12, 2001 · N556DG · Substantial damage
  > The contamination of the main rotor drive belts causing them to slip. Factors were the low altitude, unsuitable terrain for the forced landing, and the water.
- [NTSB SEA01LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA01LA118.md): Hughes 369D · Canby, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 2001 · N69PE · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation as a result of a collapsed fuel nozzle filter screen. Contamination that blocked the fuel nozzle screen and water contamination were factors.
- [NTSB NYC01FA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01FA141.md): Cessna P210N · Honesdale, PA · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 2001 · N450M · Destroyed
  > An improperly manufactured torquemeter gearshaft assembly, which resulted in gearshaft assembly failure, an N2 overspeed, and a subsequent uncontained engine failure.
- [NTSB CHI01LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA161.md): Cessna R182 · Raymore, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 11, 2001 · N2344C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to see and avoid the guy wires associated with a lighted tower. A factor associated with the accident was the guy wire.
- [NTSB SEA01LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA01LA116.md): Yakovlev YAK 52 · Custer, WA · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 10, 2001 · N52BG · Destroyed
  > The first pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control while maneuvering. Factors include an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB DEN01FA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN01FA113.md): Mitsubishi MU-2B-20 · Cerrillos, NM · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 10, 2001 · N187AF · Destroyed
  > the pilot's loss of aircraft control inflight for reasons undetermined. Contributing factors were the pilot's inadequate transition/upgrade training and his total lack of experience in aircraft make/model.
- [NTSB FTW01LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA136.md): Grumman-Schweizer G-164B · Powhatan, AR · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 6, 2001 · N48721 · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain obstacle clearance while maneuvering after takeoff.
- [NTSB MIA01LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA01LA153.md): Enstrom F28A · Double Springs, AL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 2001 · N9565 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain clearance between the skid and trailer while attempting to lift from a trailer resulting in dynamic roll-over.
- [NTSB LAX01FA308](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01FA308.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Lytle Creek, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 2001 · N8253W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate decision to fly into an area of rising terrain.
- [NTSB CHI01LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA151.md): Air Tractor AT-402B · Mount Vernon, SD · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 3, 2001 · N484WB · Destroyed
  > the pilot not maintaining aircraft control while maneuvering close to the ground.
- [NTSB LAX01LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA197.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Cameron Park, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 2, 2001 · N4848L · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate clearance altitude from en route obstructions.
- [NTSB LAX01LA196](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA196.md): Bell 47G-4A · Buttonwillow, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 2001 · N110DT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning that resulted in settling with power during an aerial application turn-to-reverse direction and collision with the ground. Factors were high density altitude and a wind shift.
- [NTSB LAX01LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA195.md): Schweizer G-164B · Butte City, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 31, 2001 · N6902K · Substantial damage
  > a fatigue failure of a propeller bolt.
- [NTSB DEN01FA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN01FA111.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Meeker, CO · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 29, 2001 · N5999V · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain terrain clearance as a result of his drug induced impairment. A factor was his exceeding the airplane's gross weight limits.
- [NTSB CHI01FA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01FA146.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Osage Beach, MO · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 28, 2001 · N7331P · Substantial damage
  > Aircraft control not being maintained by the pilot during the forced landing and inadequate preflight inspection performed by the pilot. Contributing factors to the accident were the fuel system contamination that resulted in the loss of engine power, the…
- [NTSB FTW01LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA132.md): de Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter · Fentress, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 2001 · N125PM · Minor damage
  > the King Air pilot's inadequate in-flight planning/decision in that he failed to remain in the agreed on formation position, resulting in one of his skydiver's contacting the propeller of the de Havilland airplane. A contributing factor was the lack of total…
- [NTSB CHI01LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA147.md): Cessna 150H · Protem, MO · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 27, 2001 · N23033 · Destroyed
  > The overload of the flap control cable for undetermined reasons resulting in aircraft control not being possible. The trees were a factor.
- [NTSB FTW01LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA128.md): Blucher KR-2S · Wichita Falls, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 25, 2001 · N197DB · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control following a loss of engine power while maneuvering, which resulted in an inadvertent stall/spin. Contributing factors to the accident were the loss of engine power for undetermined reasons, and the pilot's lack…
- [NTSB DEN01FA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN01FA105.md): Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-3DM · Alamogordo, NM · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 24, 2001 · N11ZQ · Destroyed
  > The flight crew's inadequate in-flight planning to fly over the mesa with insufficient altitude. A contributing factor was the downdraft weather condition
- [NTSB NYC01FA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01FA128.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Danvers, MA · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 22, 2001 · N8365M · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control. Factors in the accident were the dark night, low ceiling, reduced visibility, and the pilot's decision to attempt a visual flight rules flight in marginal weather conditions.
- [NTSB LAX01FA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01FA178.md): Beech D45 · Julian, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 18, 2001 · N8NV · Destroyed
  > The pilot's selection of an insufficient altitude over rising mountainous terrain and his failure to maintain adequate terrain clearance.
- [NTSB FTW01LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA124.md): Robinson R22 · Raymondville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 18, 2001 · N7087X · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the main rotor drive belts while maneuvering which resulted in a loss of main rotor drive. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB CHI01LA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA125.md): Piper J5A · Brussels, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 2001 · N38646 · Substantial damage
  > the partial loss of engine power for undetermined reasons and the high vegitation encountered during the precautionary landing.
- [NTSB CHI01LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA138.md): Brault Glasair SH2F · Green Bay, WI · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 2001 · N1490 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot allowed the airspeed to get too low and inadvertently stalled the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI01LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA137.md): Bellanca 14-13-3 · Scott City, KS · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 2001 · N6522N · Destroyed
  > The low level roll maneuver the pilot performed on final to runway 17 and his not maintaining clearance from terrain during the maneuver.
- [NTSB FTW01LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA119.md): Grumman-Schweizer G-164B · Rosharon, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 15, 2001 · N6778K · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control while maneuvering. Factors were the weather conditions and the muddy terrain.
- [NTSB NYC01FA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01FA123.md): Cessna 150A · Jackson Twp., PA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 13, 2001 · N7064X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate visual lookout while manuevering at low level. A factor was the pilot's improper decision to conduct low-level flight.
- [NTSB DEN01FA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN01FA096.md): Beech 76 · Gunnison, CO · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 12, 2001 · N6002H · Destroyed
  > intentional buzzing by both pilots and their failure to maintain clearance with transmission wires. A contributing factor was the sun glare.
- [NTSB CHI01LA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA135.md): Air Tractor AT-401 · Warsaw, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 2001 · N1008Q · Substantial damage
  > the rocker assembly failure during low level maneuvering. Factors were the soft and sandy terrain and the unsuitable terrain the pilot encountered during the forced landing.
- [NTSB ATL01FA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL01FA059.md): Cessna 150 G · Dunlap, TN · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 12, 2001 · N3370J · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed that resulted in a stall and subsequent loss of control in flight.
- [NTSB SEA01FA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA01FA089.md): Robinson R44 · Gorst, WA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 11, 2001 · N111PH · Destroyed
  > An abrupt application of the tail rotor/anti-torque pedal by an unknown pilot resulting in tail rotor contact with the tail boom. Tail rotor blades and empennage assembly separation, and trees were factors.
- [NTSB NYC01LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01LA114.md): Schweitzer 136 · Tinicum Twnshp., PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 2001 · N3620Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to delay his landing. A factor related to the accident was the loss of thermal lift.
- [NTSB CHI01FA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01FA130.md): Cessna 172N · Wichita, KS · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 6, 2001 · N733RK · Destroyed
  > the student pilot not maintaining clearance from the tower support wire during the practice emergency landing maneuver and the instructor pilot's inadequate supervision of the student pilot. Factors relating to the accident were the static wire and the low…
- [NTSB SEA01LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA01LA082.md): Schweizer 269D · Nampa, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 2001 · N2061D · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for strong, gusty, shifting winds while hovering in ground effect. Factors include a sudden directional change and increase in velocity of the gusty wind conditions.
- [NTSB FTW01LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA113.md): Cessna 172RG · Washington, OK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 2001 · N9696B · Substantial damage
  > the in-flight fire for an undetermined reason, which resulted in a forced landing. A contributory factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX01LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA163.md): Cessna 177B · Santa Maria, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 2, 2001 · N34168 · Substantial damage
  > A stall/mush inadvertently encountered by the pilot-in-command. Failure to maintain adequate airspeed for flight and inadequate remedial action contributed to the accident.
- [NTSB NYC01LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01LA112.md): Cessna 182Q · Paintsville, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 2001 · N129V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight inspection of the aircraft, which resulted in fuel exhaustion during cruise flight.
- [NTSB IAD01LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD01LA050.md): Piper J3-C65 · Clarksburg, WV · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 2001 · N78521 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to perform fuel consumption calculations and incorrect positioning of the fuel tank selector, which resulted in fuel starvation of the engine.
- [NTSB MIA01LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA01LA136.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Wilmington, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 2001 · N38261 · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power due to the failure of maintenance to properly secure the fuel selector cover, resulting in the pilot inadvertently selecting "off" instead of "left" tank, and the subsequent forced landing to uneven terrain.
- [NTSB LAX01LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA141.md): Motley Vans RV-6A · Baker, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 2001 · N51DA · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed while maneuvering at low altitude, which led to an inadvertent stall/spin. The wind gusts were a factor.
- [NTSB NYC01LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01LA108.md): Bensen Gyroplane · Watertown, NY · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 2001 · N8184 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of experience in rotary wing aircraft.
- [NTSB ANC01LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC01LA070.md): Cessna 207A · Deadhorse, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 2001 · N6295H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain altitude/clearance while maneuvering. Factors associated with the accident were flat light conditions, and snow-covered terrain.
- [NTSB LAX01LA157](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA157.md): Bell 206-L3 · Willcox, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 2001 · N215M · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to the likely unporting of the fuel tank pickups as the helicopter was maneuvered to look at animals on the ground. Also causal was the pilot's misjudged touchdown point during an autorotational approach, which resulted in the…
- [NTSB LAX01LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA156.md): Robinson R22 beta · Fortuna, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 2001 · N806EH · Substantial damage
  > The student's improper procedure during a practice emergency that exceeded the instructor's reaction capability.
- [NTSB FTW01FA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01FA101.md): Piper PA-34-220T · Brackettville, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 2001 · N4312G · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's intentional low flight and his poor judgment to intentionally fly into known adverse weather, which resulted in an in-flight collision with terrain. Contributing factors were the dark night conditions and the thunderstorm.
- [NTSB LAX01LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX01LA153.md): Holt Christian Eagle II · White Water, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 2001 · N32MJ · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an adequate clearance from the power lines during an intentional low level flight.
- [NTSB FTW01LA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW01LA103.md): Joe Underwood Lazer Z · Bossier City, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 2001 · N363WB · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control during the low level maneuver. A contribiting factor was the windshear.
- [NTSB CHI01LA122](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA122.md): Bellanca 7ECA · Kimball, NE · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 2001 · N53950 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot not maintaining clearance from the terrain. A factor was that the pilot misjudged the low altitude flight maneuver.
- [NTSB NYC01FA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC01FA102.md): Cessna 152 · La Grange, KY · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 2001 · N95655 · Destroyed
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while maneuvering the airplane at low altitude. A factor was the pilot's overconfidence in his abilities.
- [NTSB CHI01LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI01LA119.md): Hughes 369D · Du Quoin, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 2001 · N713HT · Destroyed
  > loss of engine power for undetermined reasons, the pilot operating the helicopter outside of the height-velocity curve, and the pilot's failure to maintain control of the helicopter during the emergency landing. Factors relating to the accident were the…

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450/cases.md?page=106

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 450)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450/cases?page=105

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain, except the copies of manufacturers’ service documents, which belong to their rights holders.