# NTSB investigations: Maneuvering

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 24 of 378 · 18,851 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CEN20LA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20LA013.md): Air Tractor AT 502 · Lamesa, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 22, 2019 · N9143F · Minor damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to maneuver at a low altitude and in close proximity to a wind turbine undergoing maintenance, which resulted in a collision with a tagline rope being held by a worker on the ground and serious injury to the worker.
- [NTSB GAA20CA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA20CA039.md): Zenair CH 701 · Safford, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 20, 2019 · N3784A · Substantial damage
  > The in-flight separation of a propeller blade for reasons that could not be determined based on the available evidence, which resulted in an off-airport landing on soft sand and the separation of main landing gear. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s…
- [NTSB ERA20FA013](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20FA013.md): Sportine Aviacija LAK17B · Tamaqua, PA · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Oct 18, 2019 · N830DK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's exceedance of the glider's critical angle of attack while climbing in thermal lift, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall/spin.
- [NTSB GAA20CA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA20CA033.md): Weatherly 620 · Fabens, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 17, 2019 · N9033T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from power wires while maneuvering at a low altitude.
- [NTSB ERA20FA012](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20FA012.md): Bell 206 · New Salem, NC · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Oct 17, 2019 · N167AG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate visual lookout, which resulted in impact with a powerline.
- [NTSB WPR20LA007](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR20LA007.md): Hiller UH 12E · Susanville, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 14, 2019 · N131HA · Substantial damage
  > A partial loss of engine power due to multiple overtemperature events and a hot start event, which resulted in thermally damaged internal components of the engine. Contributing to the accident was the lack of suitable terrain on which to perform the forced…
- [NTSB WPR20WA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR20WA010.md): Bell 412 · Port Said City, Egypt · Accident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · Oct 11, 2019 · SU-CBX · Substantial damage
  > On October 11, 2019, about 1147 coordinated universal time, a Bell Helicopter 412EP, SU-CBX, impacted the sea about 65 miles north of Port Said City, Egypt after losing control in flight. There were no injuries to the two pilots and three passengers, and the…
- [NTSB GAA20CA020](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA20CA020.md): Ayres S2R · Willacoochee, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 11, 2019 · N3090C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from power lines while maneuvering at low altitude.
- [NTSB GAA20CA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA20CA018.md): Foxworthy Rick A Sonex · Langley, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Oct 11, 2019 · N612RF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper approach path, which resulted in impact with a tree.
- [NTSB CEN20FA010](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20FA010.md): Cessna 172 · Aberdeen, SD · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Oct 10, 2019 · N6483B · Destroyed
  > The noncertificated pilot’s decision to fly in dark night instrument conditions, resulting in impact with terrain.
- [NTSB WPR20LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR20LA004.md): Glaser Dirks DG500 · Marana, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 6, 2019 · N600TT · Substantial damage
  > The pilots’ exceedance of the glider’s never-exceed speed (VNE) during recovery from an intentional aerobatic maneuver, which resulted in a failure of the right-wing air brake control drive, asymmetrical air brake deployment, and a subsequent hard landing.
- [NTSB ERA20FA003](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20FA003.md): Champion 7ECA · Pembroke Pines, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Oct 5, 2019 · N2561G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to relinquish the airplane controls to the instructor during a power-off stall maneuver, which prevented the instructor’s recovering from the stall.
- [NTSB ERA20FA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20FA002.md): Piper PA28 · Asheboro, NC · Accident · 2 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Oct 5, 2019 · N2FB · Destroyed
  > The pilot’s loss of airplane control due to spatial disorientation, which resulted in a collision with terrain. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s lack of recent night flight experience.
- [NTSB CEN20FA002](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN20FA002.md): Piper Aerostar 602P · Kokomo, IN · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Oct 5, 2019 · N326CW · Destroyed
  > The pilot's exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack following a dual engine power loss caused by the line service technician fueling the airplane with the wrong fuel, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and subsequent loss of control.…
- [NTSB ERA20LA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA20LA004.md): Bell OH 58A · Fort Meade, FL · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Oct 3, 2019 · N911RW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the helicopter, which resulted in a dynamic rollover and impact with terrain.
- [NTSB ERA19FA283](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19FA283.md): Cessna 421 · Deland, FL · Accident · 3 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Sep 29, 2019 · N731PF · Destroyed
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane, which resulted in a collision with terrain. Contributing was the pilot’s lack of training and experience in the accident airplane make and model.
- [NTSB ERA19LA286](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19LA286.md): Solo Wings Windlass · Dalton, GA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 28, 2019 · UNREG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's exceedance of the aircraft's critical angle of attack during a turn shortly after takeoff, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and subsequent impact with terrain. Contributing was the pilot's lack of experience in the accident aircraft.
- [NTSB CEN19LA334](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19LA334.md): Air Tractor AT802 · Columbus, MS · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 27, 2019 · N801BF · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power control for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CEN19FA323](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19FA323.md): Beech V35 · London, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Sep 18, 2019 · N5438U · Destroyed
  > The pilot’s exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack while maneuvering toward the final leg of the traffic pattern and facing the rising sun, which resulted in a subsequent aerodynamic stall at too low an altitude to recover.
- [NTSB ERA19LA273](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19LA273.md): Robinson R44 · Sardis, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 17, 2019 · N827JE · Substantial damage
  > Fatigue failure of the fasteners on the engine crankshaft, which resulted in a partial loss of engine power and a subsequent forced landing.
- [NTSB ERA19FA275](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19FA275.md): Vans RV 8 · Stroudsburg, PA · Accident · 2 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Sep 17, 2019 · N7TL · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CEN19TA321](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19TA321.md): Piper PA46 · Gulf of Mexico · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Final report · Sep 15, 2019 · N218MW · Destroyed
  > A loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CEN19LA318](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19LA318.md): Bell 206 · Hill City, SD · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 12, 2019 · N100CK · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power for undetermined reasons, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB CEN19LA316](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19LA316.md): Infinity Powered Parachutes IPP2 · Eustace, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 12, 2019 · N6035L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to see and avoid a power line. Contributing was the pilot’s decision to fly at an altitude too low to avoid obstacles.
- [NTSB WPR19LA261](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19LA261.md): Havoc Air Racing Super GT 111 · Reno, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 9, 2019 · N400MC · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the landing gear to extend for reasons that could not be determined.
- [NTSB CEN19LA309](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19LA309.md): Bell 206 · Walkerton, IN · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 9, 2019 · N19TV · Substantial damage
  > The partial loss of engine power due to fuel contamination.
- [NTSB GAA19CA535](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA535.md): Air Tractor AT 602 · Turkey, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Sep 8, 2019 · N602SS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed and his exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack during a low pass, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and impact with terrain.
- [NTSB ERA19LA267](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19LA267.md): Grumman G164 · Berlin, MD · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 8, 2019 · N8386K · Substantial damage
  > The malfunction of the No. 9 pushrod, which resulted in a total loss of engine power.
- [NTSB WPR19FA250](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19FA250.md): Cessna 210 · Henefer, UT · Accident · 2 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Sep 4, 2019 · N94262 · Substantial damage
  > The pilots’ decision to enter a canyon at low altitude, which resulted in controlled flight into terrain while attempting to exit the canyon.
- [NTSB ERA19LA263](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19LA263.md): Weatherly 620 · Russellville, AL · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Sep 2, 2019 · N90104 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to see and avoid powerlines during low-altitude agricultural spraying flight operations.
- [NTSB ANC19CA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC19CA057.md): Piper PA22 · Arctic Village, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 30, 2019 · N7056D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed while maneuvering to avoid mountainous terrain, which resulted in the airplane exceeding its critical angle of attack and an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB WPR19FA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19FA246.md): Beech 33 · St. Ignatius, MT · Accident · 3 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Aug 29, 2019 · N9529Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s decision to maneuver the airplane at a low altitude, which resulted in impact with power lines and terrain.
- [NTSB WPR19TA245](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19TA245.md): Bell 47G · North Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Final report · Aug 28, 2019 · N6064H · Substantial damage
  > The noncertificated passenger’s loss of control during attempted hover operations.
- [NTSB WPR19FA235](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19FA235.md): Meyers Midget 0100 · Big Spring, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Aug 24, 2019 · N881MM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain situational awareness while conducting a roll, which resulted in his inability to recover from the maneuver before the airplane impacted the ground. Contributing to the accident was his inexperience in both aerobatic maneuvers…
- [NTSB GAA19CA509](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA509.md): Robinson R44 · Cypress Island, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 21, 2019 · N7186P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate clearance from a tree while maneuvering at a low altitude.
- [NTSB CEN19TA280](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19TA280.md): Bell 47G · Montrose, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Final report · Aug 20, 2019 · N1170W · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to fuel starvation, which resulted from attitude-induced unporting of the fuel.
- [NTSB CEN19FA278](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19FA278.md): Grumman G164 · Hays, KS · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 2019 · N3631Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's exceedance of the airplane's critical angle of attack, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB GAA19CA502](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA502.md): Air Tractor AT502 · Onida, SD · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 16, 2019 · N500KA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from power wires during agricultural application operations.
- [NTSB CEN19LA269](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19LA269.md): Bell 206 · Blair, NE · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 16, 2019 · N106PD · Substantial damage
  > The loss of main rotor rpm for reasons that could not be determined based on the available evidence, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB WPR19LA222](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19LA222.md): Zenith 601XLB · Jamul, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 15, 2019 · N662WB · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power due to an undetermined loss of electrical power to the engine control system. Contributing factors were the lack of a redundant system to provide for engine control should the engine control system be deprived of electrical power or fail.
- [NTSB WPR19LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19LA218.md): Extra EA300 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 14, 2019 · N19AM · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor’s operation of the airplane outside of the manufacturer’s limitations, which resulted in fuel starvation and a partial loss of engine power. Contributing to the accident was an inoperative electric fuel boost pump.
- [NTSB ERA19LA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19LA246.md): Cessna 172 · Jay, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 13, 2019 · N84287 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to fly over a river at a very low altitude, which resulted in a collision with power lines.
- [NTSB ERA19FA243](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA19FA243.md): Poberezny Acro Sport II · Jersey Shore, PA · Accident · 2 fatal · Class 2 · Field · Final report · Aug 11, 2019 · N43032 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to conduct low altitude aerobatic maneuvers which resulted in an exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack while maneuvering at a low altitude, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB WPR19LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19LA217.md): Cessna 206 · Prospect, OR · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 10, 2019 · N5152U · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the counterweight retainer pin plate which resulted in a total loss of engine power.
- [NTSB WPR19LA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR19LA220.md): Piper PA 30 · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 8, 2019 · N10KC · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the landing gear due to the nose gear being positioned to the far right during retraction, which caused the nose gear to jam upon retraction.
- [NTSB CEN19FA259](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19FA259.md): Air Tractor AT502 · Sumner, IA · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Aug 8, 2019 · N6113C · Destroyed
  > The pilot’s impairment by medical conditions and/or medications, which resulted in the airplane’s impact with power lines and terrain.
- [NTSB CEN19FA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19FA253.md): Jonker Sailplanes JS1C · Cotulla, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report · Aug 7, 2019 · N213DT · Destroyed
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain sufficient airspeed of the glider, which resulted in exceedance of the glider's critical angle of attack and an aerodynamic stall/spin.
- [NTSB ANC19FA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC19FA042.md): Piper PA22-150 · Girdwood, AK · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 5, 2019 · N7402D · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from terrain due to his impairment from alcohol consumption.
- [NTSB GAA19CA480](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA19CA480.md): Air Tractor AT502 · Waco, NE · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 4, 2019 · N730JD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from wires during an agricultural application flight.
- [NTSB CEN19LA250](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN19LA250.md): Robinson Helicopter R44 II · Lyons, NE · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report · Aug 3, 2019 · N440EM · Substantial damage
  > The engine's low cylinder compression, which resulted in low rotor rpm and a subsequent dynamic rollover following landing on soft terrain.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450/cases.md?page=25

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 450)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450/cases?page=24

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.