# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 114 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB FTW98FA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98FA170.md): Piper PA-28-235 · New Orleans, LA · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1998 · N21LL · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inability to maintain control of the airplane after experiencing spatial disorientation. Factors were the total failure of the vacuum pump, fog, drizzle, and night conditions.
- [NTSB MIA98LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA113.md): Cessna 172M · Kingsport, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 31, 1998 · N9233H · Destroyed
  > The dual student's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in a stall mush. Contributing to the accident were the flight instructor's inadequate supervision and the night conditions.
- [NTSB SEA98LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA052.md): Beech S35 · Medford, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1998 · N3MG · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate fuel management. Factors were the pilot's diverted attention and soft terrain in the forced landing area.
- [NTSB MIA98LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA105.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Punta Gorda, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1998 · N8490W · Substantial damage
  > The total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation.
- [NTSB SEA98LA050](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA050.md): Hughes 369E · Seattle, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1998 · N5245P · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power due to a restricted fuel system filter.
- [NTSB LAX98TA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98TA123.md): Bell 206B · Santa Clarita, CA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Mar 20, 1998 · N3186L · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain adequate clearance with the wires. Additional factors in this accident are the position of the sun at that time of the day, which made it difficult to see the wires, and the lack of markings or poles for that series of…
- [NTSB NYC98LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA078.md): Cessna 150 · Lockport, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1998 · N704GP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of altitude and distance during a forced landing in the traffic pattern. A factor in the accident was the carburetor icing conditions.
- [NTSB LAX98LA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA115.md): Robinson R22 Beta · San Luis Obispo, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 15, 1998 · N4079M · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadvertent pulling of the mixture, instead of the carburetor heat, while preparing for the approach, and the flight instructor's inadequate supervision.
- [NTSB SEA98LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA046.md): Cessna 152 · Mcminnville, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 14, 1998 · N757CZ · Substantial damage
  > Disconnection of the throttle cable at the throttle-to-carburetor adapter plate and the failure of the student pilot to shut the aircraft's engine down once a safe landing was assured. Factors contributing to the accident were the soft terrain and overloading…
- [NTSB LAX98LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA114.md): Socata TBM 700 · Truckee, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 14, 1998 · N345RD · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft due to spatial disorientation. A factor was the dark night.
- [NTSB MIA98FA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98FA101.md): Piper PA-28-180D · Advance, NC · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 12, 1998 · N7826N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper planned visual approach and glide path in diminished visual conditions due to sun-glare and his delayed go-around resulting in the aircraft colliding with trees on final approach.
- [NTSB SEA98LA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98LA043.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Dubois, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1998 · N2438L · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's misjudgment of altitude/clearance and overloading of the nose gear. A contributing factor was the snow-covered turf runway.
- [NTSB FTW98LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA144.md): Bell 47D1 · Jeanerette, LA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1998 · N13012 · Substantial damage
  > The in-flight disconnect of the rotating scissors due to the separation of its hinge bolt.
- [NTSB CHI98LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA101.md): Piper PA-28R-201T · Edgeley, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1998 · N9882K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning/decision making which resulted in a delayed go-around and his not maintaining aircraft control. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB MIA98LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA093.md): Cessna 172N · Titusville, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1998 · N8342E · Substantial damage
  > loss of engine power for undetermined reason(s), which resulted in a forced landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the lack of suitable terrain and obstructions in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB NYC98FA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98FA071.md): Piper PA-31-310 · Presque Isle, ME · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1998 · N777HM · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to follow the published instrument approach procedure and his descent below the minimum descent altitude. Contributing factors were the night conditions, low ceilings, and fog.
- [NTSB FTW98LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA137.md): Cessna 172K · Marietta, OK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 1998 · N84561 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper compensation for the wind conditions. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB NYC98LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA072.md): Mooney M20J · Avoca, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1998 · N1173N · Substantial damage
  > a bird strike.
- [NTSB NYC98LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA070.md): Cessna 320F · Lincoln, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1998 · N6189Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate altitude which resulted in left main landing gear contacting a snowbank during the landing approach.
- [NTSB FTW98LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA134.md): Burchinal A4D-2 · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1998 · N21NB · Substantial damage
  > A total hydraulic system failure for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB CHI98LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA098.md): Cessna 402B · Mason City, IA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1998 · N108RS · Substantial damage
  > the accumulation of airframe ice during flight, and failure of the pilot to attain a proper flare for landing. Factors relating to the accident were: the adverse weather (icing) condition; and the pilot's limited forward visibility, due to ice on the…
- [NTSB MIA98LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA088.md): Cessna 195 · Chapel Hill, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1998 · N4356V · Substantial damage
  > failure of the pilot to maintain directional control of the aircraft during a go-around, followed by his failure to maintain airspeed while maneuvering to avoid trees, which resulted in a stall and collision with the terrain. The pilot's lack of recent night…
- [NTSB FTW98LA139](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA139.md): Piper PA-46-350P · Dallas, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1998 · N9254X · Substantial damage
  > The nose gear collapsed for an undetermined reason. A factor was the total electrical failure due to the separation of the alternator output lugs resulting from inadequate maintenance.
- [NTSB ANC98LA025](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC98LA025.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Kongiganak, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1998 · N81844 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged distance/altitude and airspeed, and his delay initiating a go-around. Related factors were the downdraft and snowbank.
- [NTSB MIA98LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA083.md): Cessna T210N · Covington, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 1998 · N1734U · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation and/or improper fuel management, which resulted in fuel exhaustion, loss of engine power, and a forced landing. Soft/wet terrain in the emergency landing area was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX98LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA092.md): Schempp-Hirth VENTUS-B · Williams, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 1998 · N948B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an adequate clearance from the oil drilling rig due to his attention being diverted inside the cockpit in order the secure the landing gear control.
- [NTSB NYC98FA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98FA066.md): Cessna 172P · York, PA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1998 · N54172 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during final approach which resulted in an inadvertent stall/spin.
- [NTSB ATL98LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA052.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Fayetteville, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1998 · N1404T · Substantial damage
  > fuel system contamination (rubber shavings), which led to blockage of a fuel line, fuel starvation, loss of engine power, and a collision with terrain.
- [NTSB DCA98MA023](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA98MA023.md): Boeing 727-223 · Chicago, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Feb 9, 1998 · N845AA · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the flight crew to maintain a proper pitch attitude for a successful landing or go-around. Contributing to the accident were the divergent pitch oscillations of the airplane, which occurred during the final approach and were the result of an…
- [NTSB CHI98LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA092.md): Beech C-23 · Eden Prairie, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 8, 1998 · N18766 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper raising of flaps and not maintaining directional control of the aircraft during the go-around sequence.
- [NTSB NYC98LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA065.md): Boeing A75L300 · Chester, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1998 · N55412 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight which failed to reveal fuel contamination.
- [NTSB FTW98LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA123.md): Grumman American AA-5 · Conroe, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1998 · N7117L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delay in aborting the landing due to excessive airspeed during the approach.
- [NTSB FTW98LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA118.md): Cessna 172M · Bulverde, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 4, 1998 · N13711 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper glidepath following a total electrical failure resulting from an inoperative voltage regulator. Factors were the dark night conditions, the pilot's lack of experience in night flying, and the trees.
- [NTSB FTW98LA408](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA408.md): Palermo Challenger II · Erwinville, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 20, 1998 · N266RP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to compensate for the prevailing crosswind. Factors were the crosswind and the loss of engine power due to the separation of the fuel pick-up line.
- [NTSB ATL98LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA034.md): American General AA-1A · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 18, 1998 · N6364L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed.
- [NTSB ATL98LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98LA033.md): Cessna 150L · Guntersville, AL · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 18, 1998 · N7443G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's intentional shut down of the engine in flight that resulted in the total loss of engine power. A factor was the failure of both magnetos.
- [NTSB CHI98FA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98FA082.md): Beech 95-55 · Pinckneyville, IL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 15, 1998 · N54643 · Destroyed
  > The pilot descent below minimum descent altitude and his intentional operation with known deficiencies in equipment. Factors were the dark night, fog, rain, and the trees.
- [NTSB FTW98MA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98MA096.md): Gates Learjet 25B · Houston, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Major investigation · Final report · Jan 13, 1998 · N627WS · Destroyed
  > The flight crew's continued descent of the airplane below the glideslope and through the published decision height without visual contact with the runway environment. Also, when the captain encountered difficulty tracking the localizer course, his improper…
- [NTSB MIA98LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA98LA053.md): Bell 206B · Pooler, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 7, 1998 · N333FC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a safe altitude and a visual lookout while operating under a special visual flight rules clearance in instrument flight rule conditions, which resulted in the helicopter colliding with trees. Contributing to the accident was…
- [NTSB LAX98LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA067.md): Cessna 210 · Compton, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 4, 1998 · N9406X · Substantial damage
  > The failure of maintenance personnel to adequately inspect the aircraft during an annual inspection to detect a chafed and leaking engine fuel supply line.
- [NTSB FTW98LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA085.md): Mooney M20J · Westport, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 2, 1998 · N201LG · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions. A factor was gusty winds.
- [NTSB NYC98LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA058.md): Aerospatiale AS-355 · New York, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1997 · N355DS · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of distance and speed on final approach with a tailwind, and his failure to perform a go-around in a timely manner. A factor in the accident was the strong tailwind.
- [NTSB FTW98LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98LA083.md): Cessna R172K · Lakeview, AR · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1997 · N736VQ · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain runway alignment during the approach, and his delayed decision to execute a go-around. A related factor was the sunglare interfering with the pilot's view.
- [NTSB CHI98LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA076.md): Beech 35-33 · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 31, 1997 · N627V · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to position the fuel selector to the proper fuel tank which led to fuel starvation.
- [NTSB NYC98LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98LA051.md): Piper J-3C-65 · Albany, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 28, 1997 · N1469N · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision and failure to turn off the carburetor heat during the go-around. Related factors were: the pilot's lack of experience in make and model, and the proximity of trees.
- [NTSB CHI98LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI98LA072.md): Piper PA-30/A · Hastings, NE · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 24, 1997 · N9WG · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper IFR procedure, by which he failed to maintain minimum descent altitude. Fog, a low ceiling, and night condition were a contributing factor.
- [NTSB ATL98FA030](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL98FA030.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Tallahassee, FL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 23, 1997 · N8074Z · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper glidepath and adequate obstacle clearance which resulted in collision with a power transmission line.
- [NTSB LAX98LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX98LA062.md): Piper PA-24-260 · Healdsburg, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 1997 · N8805P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudged distance and altitude relationship to the runway during a short field approach, which resulted in an undershoot and a hard landing.
- [NTSB FTW98FA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW98FA074.md): Beech A100 · Colo Springs, CO · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 21, 1997 · N100BE · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to follow IFR Procedures and maintain the minimum descent altitude (MDA). A related factor was fog.
- [NTSB NYC98FA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC98FA047.md): Cady LONG-EZ · West Milford, NJ · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Dec 20, 1997 · N18CC · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to use carburetor heat, which resulted in carburetor ice. Carburetor icing conditions and terrain conditions were contributing factors.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=115

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=114

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