# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 133 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB LAX94LA351](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA351.md): Cessna 182B · Twentynine Palm, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1994 · N8431T · Substantial damage
  > the cause of the loss of engine power could not be determined. The dirt berm was a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB LAX94LA350](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA350.md): Cessna 172M · Rescue, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1994 · N9699Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed go-around. His inadequate compensation for the wind was a factor.
- [NTSB CHI94FA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94FA307.md): Piper PA-46-310P · Lincoln, IL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1994 · N4362F · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while performing a go-around.
- [NTSB NYC94LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA162.md): Cessna 310Q · Salem, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1994 · N7579Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged altitude and distance which resulted in a undershoot of the runway and collision with objects.
- [NTSB LAX94LA345](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA345.md): Cessna 310L · Agua Dulce, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 1, 1994 · N3272X · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain control of the aircraft while reaching cross cockpit for the flap control.
- [NTSB ANC94LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA110.md): Bell B-206 · Gustavus, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 31, 1994 · N382EH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his distance/altitude from the landing area, and his lack of recent night flying experience. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the pilot's failure to assure that he would be landing with sufficient light, and the dusk/dark…
- [NTSB CHI94LA306](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA306.md): Cessna 182 · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1994 · N2452M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's improper use of the mixture control, the poorly planned approach and the inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB CHI94LA304](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA304.md): Cessna 210L · Orr, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1994 · N712JM · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot, which resulted in fuel exhaustion due to an inadequate supply of fuel. Factors relating to the accident were: the false indication from the fuel quantity gauges, and terrain condition in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB LAX94LA340](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA340.md): Beech D95A · Oakdale, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1994 · N4835J · Destroyed
  > Improper in-flight planning/decision by the flight instructor (CFI), and the cfi's inadequate supervision by not assuring that the minimum control speed (VMC) was maintained. A factor related to the accident was: the cfi's lack of experience in multi-engine…
- [NTSB BFO94LA154](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA154.md): Piper PA-18 · Montpelier, VT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1994 · N720PC · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for reasons undetermined.
- [NTSB ATL94LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA160.md): Cessna 172 · Pine Mountain, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1994 · N6650A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for existing wind conditions, and his failure to maintain both airspeed and clearance from a fence. Factors were the tailwind and the gusts which existed at the time of the accident.
- [NTSB SEA94LA229](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA229.md): Beech E-35 · Everett, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 25, 1994 · N5093C · Substantial damage
  > The nose gear extension assembly failure.
- [NTSB ATL94LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA163.md): Piper PA-25-235 · Washington, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1994 · N7726Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight planning that resulted in fuel exhaustion. A factor was the unsuitable terrain, a plowed field, available for landing.
- [NTSB FTW94FA274](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94FA274.md): Bell 230 · Albert Lea, MN · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 19, 1994 · N230EM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to execute the proper approach and the ensuing settling with power. Factors were the tailwind, and the congestion around the airport.
- [NTSB FTW94FA273](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94FA273.md): Cessna 310 · Pryor, OK · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1994 · N5319A · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain minimum control airspeed (VMC), which resulted in a loss of aircraft control. Factors related to the accident were: an oil leak from a fatigue crack in the engine crankcase, and inadequate maintenance.
- [NTSB NYC94FA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94FA160.md): Cessna 320C · Waynesboro, PA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1994 · N85WM · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in a stall/spin and his lack of qualification to conduct flight in type aircraft. A factor is the loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CHI94LA275](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA275.md): Thunder and Colt 120A · Bloomington, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1994 · N416TC · Substantial damage
  > the unforcast, unanticipated adverse wind conditions and thermal activity. A factor was the powerlines.
- [NTSB SEA94LA212](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA212.md): Avid Magnum · Woodland, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1994 · N180AB · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate in-flight planning/decision and clearance from trees was not maintained. A factor to the accident was trees.
- [NTSB BFO94LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA136.md): Cessna 172 · Fisherville, KY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1994 · N6429B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed, which resulted in a stall and inflight loss of control.
- [NTSB LAX94LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA315.md): Piper PA-28R-201T · Overgaard, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 1994 · N9044A · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed margin, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. Factors in the accident were weather conditions, high density altitude, and shifting wind conditions.
- [NTSB SEA94LA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA207.md): Cessna 182P · Nampa, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1994 · N20818 · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation due to the pilot-in-command's failure to verify the fuel tank selector position during the approach, and his failure to perform the published emergency procedures for an engine-out situation. A factor in the accident was a transmission wire.
- [NTSB CHI94LA273](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA273.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Romeoville, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1994 · N3634R · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate preflight planning/preparation and improper emergency procedure. Factors associated with the accident are the pilot's improper positioning of the fuel tank selector, and the rough, uneven terrain.
- [NTSB BFO94LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA128.md): Hankins/Dickerson Clipped Wings II · Laurel, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1994 · N4287R · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the engine ignition system capacitor discharge unit which caused loss of total engine power.
- [NTSB NYC94LA156](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA156.md): Piper PA-28R-201 · Wellsboro, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1994 · N9673C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's impairment of judgment and performance due to alcohol, which led to his misjudgment of altitude and distance to the runway and collision with terrain, while on final approach to land. A factor related to the accident was: darkness.
- [NTSB SEA94LA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA206.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Salmon, ID · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1994 · N47671 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately judge the distance and altitude to the runway during the night VFR approach. Factors in the accident were: fatigue, lack of recent night flying experience, the dark night, and the operator's inadequate supervision of the…
- [NTSB NYC94LA152](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA152.md): Aeronca 11AC · Schuylerville, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1994 · N3441E · Substantial damage
  > the pilots failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in a stall/mush.
- [NTSB LAX94LA307](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA307.md): Robinson R-22B · Agua Dulce, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1994 · N701SH · Destroyed
  > the pilot's poorly planned approach and improper remedial action. Factors relating to this accident were the high density altitude and prevailing tailwind.
- [NTSB BFO94LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA130.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Morris, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1994 · N1074E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged altitude and distance, which resulted in an undershoot of the runway.
- [NTSB ANC94LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA098.md): Cessna 206 · Juneau, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 5, 1994 · N9120M · Substantial damage
  > The total loss of power for undetermined reasons. The pilot's failure to follow the prescribed procedure for the use of the auxiliary fuel boost pump switch, operating the airplane with a improperly operating switch, and the lack of suitable terrain in the…
- [NTSB SEA94LA204](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA204.md): Stinson 108-3 · Bend, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 4, 1994 · N6276M · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of the carburetor heat by the pilot, which resulted in a loss of engine performance. A factor related to the accident was: rough terrain in the emergency landing area.
- [NTSB NYC94FA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94FA145.md): Cessna 210N · Martinsburg, WV · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1994 · N4875U · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain adequate altitude and proper climb during the missed approach. Factors related to the accident were: darkness, fog, and conditions conducive to pilot fatigue.
- [NTSB CHI94LA254](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA254.md): Beech 33 · Wichita, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1994 · N7960M · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate management of the fuel which resulted in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB CHI94FA253](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94FA253.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Wellington, KS · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1994 · N3693M · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during the emergency descent, resulting in a stall-spin. Factors were fuel exhaustion resulting from improper fuel calculations by the pilot.
- [NTSB ANC94LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC94LA094.md): Bell 206 · Kenai, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 30, 1994 · N90315 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot attempting to operate the helicopter in an environment which exceeded the aircraft's performance envelope.
- [NTSB CHI94LA270](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA270.md): Miller Kitfox · Spencer, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 29, 1994 · N4268Y · Substantial damage
  > the private pilot/airplane builder's failure to maintain adequate clearance from obstacles during the approach to landing.
- [NTSB LAX94LA300](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA300.md): Cessna 180H · Elko, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1994 · N180BK · Substantial damage
  > a loss of engine power from fuel exhaustion due to the pilot's improper preflight and fuel consumption calculations while operating with known equipment malfunctions.
- [NTSB LAX94LA299](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA299.md): Schweizer G-164B · Live Oak, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1994 · N3627Q · Substantial damage
  > the improper adjustment of the fuel control unit by contract maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB NYC94LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA137.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Augusta, ME · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 25, 1994 · N32925 · Substantial damage
  > The improper positioning of the fuel selector because of inadequate inflight decision/planning which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the loss of engine power.
- [NTSB FTW94FA242](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94FA242.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Lakeview, AR · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 23, 1994 · N36566 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain minimum required airspeed for flight.
- [NTSB SEA94LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA189.md): Cessna 172M · Seattle, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 22, 1994 · N73175 · Substantial damage
  > The proper touchdown point was misjudged by the pilot. During the go-around attempt, he failed to maintain clearance from obstacles.
- [NTSB FTW94LA240](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA240.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Moriarity, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1994 · N71RJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions and the high density altitude. Factors were gusty wind conditions, downdrafts and the degraded engine performance due to pervious detonation damage.
- [NTSB CHI94LA237](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA237.md): Piper PA-18-135 · Butte Des Mort, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1994 · N9843Q · Substantial damage
  > A delayed remedial action by the instructor. A factor in this accident was a proper airspeed not being attained by the dual student.
- [NTSB NYC94LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA130.md): Edward A. Alderfer EAA-3 · Middletown, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 19, 1994 · N63EA · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate visual lookout by both pilots which resulted in a mid-air collision. A factor was the failure of the pilot of the ultralight to stay north of runway 26.
- [NTSB FTW94LA237](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA237.md): Schweizer SGS 1-26E · Littlefield, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 16, 1994 · N33915 · Substantial damage
  > An inadvertent stall. Factors were low altitude and airspeed at the beginning of the downwind turn.
- [NTSB FTW94FA233](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94FA233.md): Cessna 310Q · Greenville, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 14, 1994 · N310AE · Destroyed
  > The cfi's failure to maintain airspeed above VMC, resulting in a loss of control during the single engine G0-around. Factors were not attaining runway alignment and the cfi's failure to retract the landing gear for the go-around procedure.
- [NTSB ATL94LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA138.md): Cessna 182P · Greenville, SC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 14, 1994 · N21380 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper positioning of the fuel selector valve which resulted in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB LAX94LA284](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA284.md): Mooney M-20J · Tucson, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 13, 1994 · N5668M · Substantial damage
  > a loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB MIA94LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA178.md): Hickey Windrose · Williston, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 12, 1994 · N20674 · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain airspeed resulting in an inadvertent stall and uncontrolled descent until ground impact.
- [NTSB ATL94LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA134.md): Cessna 152 · Chamblee, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 9, 1994 · N67318 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate maintenance by the operator, worn piston rings, and failure to overhaul the engine when due.
- [NTSB CHI94LA221](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA221.md): Beech 58 · Land O'Lakes, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1994 · N625P · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain clearance with trees. Factors in the accident were the trees, the pilot's operation with known deficiencies in equipment, and the pilot's diverted attention.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=134

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=133

---
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