# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 135 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB BFO94LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA081.md): Cessna 150K · Hollis, NH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1994 · N5907G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight inspection which failed to detect contaminated fuel which resulted in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB ATL94LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA090.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Bainbridge, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1994 · N6879B · Substantial damage
  > The unsecured rear seat back which fell forward and jammed the flight controls.
- [NTSB LAX94IA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94IA206.md): Boeing 737-209 · Honolulu, HI · Incident · Minor injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1994 · N804AL · No damage
  > The failure of the battery transfer relay resulting in multiple system failures.
- [NTSB BFO94LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA078.md): Cameron ET-90 · Louisville, KY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1994 · N898ET · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain clearance from wires during the landing approach. A factor related to the accident is a downdraft that exceeded the balloon's available climb capability.
- [NTSB BFO94LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA077.md): Cessna 150 · Westminster, MD · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 1994 · N11522 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and the inflight loss of control. A factor is the pilot's failure to do a go around.
- [NTSB BFO94LA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA076.md): Piper PA-28-160 · New Carlisle, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1994 · N5855W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inattention to the mixture control which was inadvertently placed in the idle cut-off position by the passenger and resulted in a loss of engine power. A factor is the pilot's inadequate planning.
- [NTSB LAX94LA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA202.md): Mooney M20-C · Page, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N6524U · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilots to assure that ample fuel would be available to reach the airport. The generator failure and an inoperative fuel quantity gage were contributing factors.
- [NTSB BFO94LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA074.md): Let Blanik L-13 · Plymouth, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1994 · N2167 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed.
- [NTSB MIA94FA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94FA125.md): Bell 47D1 · Marathon, FL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1994 · N9660 · Destroyed
  > Separation of the tail rotor gearbox and tail rotor blades for an undetermined reason. Factors related to the accident were: failure of maintenance personnel to follow the proper maintenance procedure after a previous tail rotor strike, and failure to conduct…
- [NTSB BFO94FA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94FA071.md): Bell 412/SP · Bluefield, VA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1994 · N70AM · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to intercept the final approach course, and his improper execution of the instrument approach procedure. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the weather conditions, and the failure of the air traffic controller to adequately…
- [NTSB FTW94LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA136.md): Piper PA-31-350 · Laredo, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 21, 1994 · N44AC · Substantial damage
  > The fuel exhaustion induced power loss due to the pilot's inadequate preflight and his failure to refuel the airplane prior to departure. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB CHI94DEE01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94DEE01.md): Remote Sensing Cirrus VK-30 · Lk In The Hills, IL · Accident · 2 fatal · Final report · Apr 19, 1994 · N108P · Destroyed
  > fuel starvation resulting from the modification of the fuel system. A factor was the modification to the fuel system.
- [NTSB LAX94LA191](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA191.md): Cessna 150M · Mt Home Village, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1994 · N9276U · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power due to undetermined reasons. The failure of the student pilot to properly plan his airport traffic pattern to reach the runway or other suitable forced landing area in the event of a loss of engine power was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB BFO94LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA069.md): Aeronca 7AC · Beverly, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1994 · N84409 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall and collision with the ground.
- [NTSB ATL94LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA081.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Raleigh, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1994 · N6380W · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight fuel planning that resulted in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB CHI94LA130](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA130.md): Cessna 182P · Chesterfield, MO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 11, 1994 · N9187M · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to follow proper IFR procedures and maintain proper altitude during the approach. Factors related to the accident were: darkness, the weather conditions, and failure of the approach controller to issue an IFR transponder code to the…
- [NTSB NYC94FA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94FA075.md): Cessna 152 · E. Farmingdale, NY · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 9, 1994 · N757KN · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > Failure of the local tower controller to adequately control the arrival of the airplanes, and inadequate visual lookout by the Piper PA-24 pilot. A factor related to the accident was: the local controller's improper phraseology in sequencing the airplanes.
- [NTSB MIA94LA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA113.md): Piper PA-38 · Tallahassee, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1994 · N2477E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's improper compensation for wind conditions and lack of rudder input during an attempted go-around that resulted in loss of control in flight and collision with terrain. Rudder input was needed to compensate for the p-factor generated by…
- [NTSB CHI94FA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94FA128.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Alliance, NE · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1994 · N5399Y · Destroyed
  > The pilot's spatial disorientation and inadvertant entry into a spiral dive. Factors were the pilot's lack of total instrument experience and the weather conditions of blowing snow and turbulence.
- [NTSB LAX94LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA176.md): Cessna 172N · Gasquet, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1994 · N6290D · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to adequately compensate for the cross- wind conditions, and to maintain proper alignment with the runway.
- [NTSB MIA94LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA109.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Bunnell, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1994 · N8303G · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the instructor pilot (CFI) to maintain minimum control speed (VMC) during the go-around, which resulted in a loss of control. A factor related to the accident was: the delay by the dual student to extend the landing gear.
- [NTSB MIA94IA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94IA110.md): Boeing 727-243 · Orlando, FL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1994 · N59412 · Minor damage
  > The total failure of the left main landing gear door actuator fitting due to fatigue cracking in the fitting. Contributing to the accident was inadequate written inspection procedures by the aircraft manufacturer.
- [NTSB FTW94FA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94FA114.md): Aerospatiale AS-350-B2 · Telluride, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 1, 1994 · N59715 · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft. Factors were unfavorable winds and improper approach planning.
- [NTSB CHI94LA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA125.md): Cessna T210-M · Pomona, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 31, 1994 · N732YK · Substantial damage
  > The seperation of the landing gear door actuator, resulting in total loss of hydraulic fluid.
- [NTSB FTW94LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA112.md): Cessna 180 · Austin, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1994 · N4646B · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. Factors were the wire strike and lack of suitable terrain.
- [NTSB NYC94LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA061.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Hopedale, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1994 · N2598Q · Substantial damage
  > the certified flight instructor's delay in taking remedial action by not initiating the go-around, resulting in the in-flight collision with the tree.
- [NTSB ATL94FA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94FA071.md): Beech 58TC · Gulf Shores, AL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1994 · N200DL · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during the base turn. Factors were the pilot's inadequate preflight, high winds with gusts at the airport, and the pilot's diverted attention due to the open baggage door.
- [NTSB SEA94LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA091.md): Cessna 150 · Woodland, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1994 · N5537E · Substantial damage
  > Airspeed was not maintained.
- [NTSB NYC94LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94LA072.md): Randolph Flagg Boredom Fighter · Norridgewock, ME · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1994 · N1932F · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB FTW94LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA108.md): Piper PA-12 · Rayville, LA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1994 · N2966M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the turn to final approach.
- [NTSB MIA94FA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94FA098.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Sarasota, FL · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1994 · N55999 · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot(s) to maintain control of the airplane due to spatial disorientation. Factors related to the accident were: A malfunction that resulted in a loss of normal radio transmission, and the pilot(s) lack of recent experience in this make and…
- [NTSB NYC94FA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94FA067.md): Cessna 414 · Defiance, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 19, 1994 · N1576T · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight decision and planning, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the total loss of engine power.
- [NTSB FTW94LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA107.md): Cessna 210L · Haskell, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 19, 1994 · N8145L · Substantial damage
  > Was the loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB NYC94FA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94FA064.md): Swearingen SA-26AT · Winchester, VA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1994 · N20PT · Destroyed
  > The pilot's decision to operate the airplane with known deficiencies in the fuel quantity measuring system which resulted in a power loss due to fuel starvation, followed by improper emergency procedures which resulted in a loss of control inflight and…
- [NTSB FTW94LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA100.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1994 · N8933N · Substantial damage
  > The CFI rated second pilot's failure to maintain the ILS glideslope. A factor was the dark night and lack of supervision.
- [NTSB BFO94LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA054.md): Piper PA-28R-200 · Hagerstown, MD · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1994 · N4465T · Substantial damage
  > The loss of partial engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB MIA94LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA093.md): SIAI-Marchetti F-260-C · Opa-Locka, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1994 · N260CB · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to assure proper positioning of the fuel selector resulting in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB LAX94LA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA163.md): Rockwell 681 · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1994 · N78CH · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the hydraulic and nitrogen system pressure lines, due to an inadequate maintenance inspection program, which failed to detect the corrosion condition of the lines.
- [NTSB FTW94LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94LA094.md): Piper PA-23 · Duncan, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1994 · N2297P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of the wrong engine for shut down. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB SEA94LA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA94LA079.md): Kelley Stits SA6B · Snohomish, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1994 · N4696 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed. Factors include a pole off the departure end of the runway.
- [NTSB CHI94LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA098.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Madison, WI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1994 · N2145T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's poorly planned approach and failure to maintain the proper glidepath. The dark night was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA94LA086](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA086.md): Piotrowski GIP-1 · Bunnell, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1994 · N7014B · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain rotor RPM in the gyrocopter on approach. Contributing to the accident was the lack of total experience in gyrocopter flying.
- [NTSB ATL94LA059](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL94LA059.md): PZL-Bielsko SZD-55-1 · Mcminnville, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1994 · N551TJ · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during the landing approach.
- [NTSB NYC94FA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC94FA052.md): Cessna 340 · Westhampton, NY · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1994 · N512SK · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadequate inflight decision which resulted in ice accretion on the aircraft, degradation of aircraft performance, an aerodynamic stall, loss of control and inflight collision with the ground. Factors were icing conditions.
- [NTSB FTW94FA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW94FA090.md): Cessna P337H · N. Little Rock, AR · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 2, 1994 · N2QY · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft, while maneuvering to land. Factors related to the accident were: darkness and possible spatial disorientation.
- [NTSB CHI94GA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94GA093.md): Cessna 401A · Minot, ND · Accident · 4 fatal · Final report · Feb 24, 1994 · N4071Q · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper altitude during a missed approach. Factors related to the accident were: the unfavorable weather and snow covered terrain.
- [NTSB MIA94LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA94LA077.md): Cessna 150 · Tampa, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1994 · N1665Q · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper use of the flight controls and failure to maintain sufficient airspeed on final approach for landing resulting in an inadvertant stall and subsequent collision with terrain.
- [NTSB BFO94LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO94LA046.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · Berlin, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1994 · N23AL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot not maintaining clearance from obstacles (trees) during final approach which resulted in a collision with a tree and a subsequent uncontrolled descent until colliding with the ground.
- [NTSB CHI94LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI94LA090.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1994 · N66ND · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation due to the improper positioning of the fuel tank selector by the student pilot.
- [NTSB LAX94LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX94LA128.md): Stinson 108-3 · Redlands, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1994 · N6009M · Destroyed
  > The pilot's impairment of judgment and performance due to alcohol, which led to his improper planning/decision, and his failure to maintain proper altitude. Factors related to the accident were: darkness and the pilot's lack of training/certification for…

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=136

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=135

---
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