# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 138 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI93LA374](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA374.md): Cessna 152 · Kokomo, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 21, 1993 · N757MT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain airspeed. Factors were his lack of total experience and his premature retraction of the flaps.
- [NTSB CHI93LA375](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA375.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Spencer, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1993 · N5309Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's to switch fuel tanks which resulted in fuel starvation. A factor related to the accident was the rough terrain on which the airplane was landed.
- [NTSB CHI93LA373](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA373.md): Beech 18-C45G · Jeffersonville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 20, 1993 · N80323 · Substantial damage
  > the mechanical binding of the landing gear extension mechanism.
- [NTSB BFO93LA179](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA179.md): Cessna 172 · North Kingstown, RI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1993 · N9931Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot inadvertently allowed the airplane to stall as he was maneuvering to avoid birds on final approach.
- [NTSB ATL93LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA161.md): Cessna 152 · Greensboro, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 19, 1993 · N4794B · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions during the touch and go landing. Factors were the crosswind conditions, and the hidden obstruction (rock) in the grass adjacent to the runway.
- [NTSB LAX93LA357](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA357.md): Cessna 210F · Chino, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1993 · N1842F · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the downdraft and his failure to maintain the proper glidepath.
- [NTSB ATL93LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA160.md): Cornwell KR-2 · Covington, TN · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 18, 1993 · N289DC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged obstacle clearance on final approach. Factors were, the dark night, and the pilot's defective distant vision.
- [NTSB SEA93LA217](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA217.md): Beech G35 · Arlington, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1993 · N4641D · Substantial damage
  > Fracture of the left stabilizer spar.
- [NTSB CHI93LA361](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA361.md): Piper PA-34-200 · Fenton, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1993 · N3084T · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain lateral (roll) and directional control of the airplane, when one engine hesitated to respond to application of power during an attempted go-around. Factors related to the accident were: the crosswind and the pilot's inadequate…
- [NTSB BFO93IA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93IA176.md): Douglas DC-8-63 · Toledo, OH · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Sep 15, 1993 · N870BX · Minor damage
  > The operator maintenance personnel's failure to perform an adequate inspection of the airplane, which led to a worn aileron cable which separated in flight and caused a loss of control.
- [NTSB ANC93LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA178.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Prudhoe Bay, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1993 · N3996Z · Substantial damage
  > Fluid fuel contamination as a result of the pilot-in-commands improper preflight planning/preparation.
- [NTSB ANC93FA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93FA175.md): Cessna 152 · Fairbanks, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 13, 1993 · N95277 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane due to spatial disorientation. Factors were the dark night and the inadequate surveillance of the operation by the club management.
- [NTSB BFO93LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA170.md): Cessna 172N · Tangier Island, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 11, 1993 · N5347J · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during a go-around. A factor related to the accident was: the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB LAX93LA348](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA348.md): Robinson R22B · Floriston, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 10, 1993 · N47NH · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's failure to maintain main rotor RPM after initiating a go-around from a pinnacle approach. A factor in the accident was the high density altitude condition.
- [NTSB MIA93LA193](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA193.md): Legrand Avid Flyer · Titusville, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 9, 1993 · N2067V · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain airspeed (vso) in a go-around, resulting in an in-flight loss of control (stall).
- [NTSB CHI93IA354](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93IA354.md): Boeing 737-300 · St. Louis, MO · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Sep 8, 1993 · N350SW · Minor damage
  > a failure of the left outboard foreflap due to the loss of the bolts that hold the inboard sequencing carriage to the foreflap attach lug.
- [NTSB BFO93LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA161.md): Schweizer SGS2-33A · Eighty Four, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1993 · N34367 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's utilization of improper procedures for setting the altimeter which led to his misjudging altitude.
- [NTSB BFO93LA160](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA160.md): Smyth Sidewinder · Point Pleasant, WV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 6, 1993 · N2116B · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper glidepath.
- [NTSB LAX93LA342](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA342.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Hesperia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 4, 1993 · N5523P · Substantial damage
  > The aircraft's encounter with a low level windshear and the pilot's inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions.
- [NTSB CHI93LA348](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA348.md): Bellanca 17-30 · Blakesburg, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Sep 3, 1993 · N6582V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance with the fence post and his midjudging the airplane glidepath.
- [NTSB ANC93FA167](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93FA167.md): Piper PA-18A-150 · Sanona Creek, AK · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Sep 2, 1993 · N4713A · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying speed during a downwind turn for landing. Factors contributing to the accident were: the overweight condition of the airplane, and failure to assure that the airplane complied with all applicable airworthiness…
- [NTSB NYC93LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA183.md): Piper PA-601 · Penn Yan, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1993 · N60721 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and collision with an obstacle and the ground. A factor is the pilot's diverted attention.
- [NTSB LAX93LA376](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA376.md): Cessna 182G · Carson City, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 30, 1993 · N2082R · Substantial damage
  > 1) the pilot's failure to maintain an appropriate airspeed during an attempted go around, 2) his failure to retract the landing flaps, and 3) the resulting inadvertent entry into a stall/mush condition.
- [NTSB DEN93LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA106.md): Ercoupe 415-C · Palisade, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 29, 1993 · N522BK · Substantial damage
  > Partial power loss during approach for undetermined reasons. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB NYC93LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA180.md): Mooney M20J · Kelley'S Island, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 28, 1993 · N202WB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall. A factor was the pilot's inadequate handling of the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI93LA340](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA340.md): Robinson R22 · Bethalto, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 27, 1993 · N9071S · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command's not maintaining rotor RPM.
- [NTSB NYC93LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA173.md): Cameron Bieu/V-65 · Lewiston, NY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1993 · N75192 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate clearance, which resulted in an inflight collision with a light pole.
- [NTSB FTW93LA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA246.md): Cessna T210N · Springdale, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 26, 1993 · N6142Y · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power due to fuel starvation and the improper use of the fuel selector. Factors were the pilot's failure to follow the checklist, and the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB BFO93FA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93FA147.md): Mooney M20B · Landover, MD · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 24, 1993 · N74580 · Substantial damage
  > Fatigue failure of a propeller blade, which resulted in severe engine vibration and subsequent damage to the airplane. The lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI93LA334](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA334.md): Burkhart Grob G103 · Hinckley, IL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 22, 1993 · N422BG · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the cockpit canopy.
- [NTSB LAX93LA331](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA331.md): Ultimate 10-80 · Chandler, AZ · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 21, 1993 · N51677 · 2 aircraft · Minor damage
  > The noncertificated pilot's failure to follow the prescribed VFR procedures and poor visual lookout. The other aircraft pilot's restricted visual lookout was a factor in this accident.
- [NTSB MIA93FA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93FA180.md): Glasair SH-2F · Ocala, FL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 20, 1993 · N87CK · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain airspeed (vso) during a forced landing, resulting in an in-flight loss of control (stall), and subsequent in-flight collision with terrain. Contributing to the accident was the pilot-in-command's improper positioning…
- [NTSB SEA93LA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA177.md): Cessna T210L · Cheyenne, WY · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1993 · N2125S · Substantial damage
  > An undetermined loss of engine power.
- [NTSB NYC93LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA162.md): Cessna 150 · Mcgaheysville, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1993 · N60648 · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision resulting in a delayed go-around.
- [NTSB NYC93LA161](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA161.md): Beech A23 · Morgantown, WV · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 18, 1993 · N3552R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to follow IFR procedures in which he descended below the decision height without visual detection of the runway. Factors are the fog conditions, trees and the pilot's inattention to altitude.
- [NTSB DCA93RA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA93RA060.md): Douglas DC-8-61 · Guantanamo Bay, Cuba · Accident · Serious injuries · Class 1 · Foreign · Aug 18, 1993 · N814CK · Destroyed
- [NTSB NYC93FA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93FA158.md): Cessna 172N · Lincoln Park, NJ · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1993 · N5226E · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > The failure of both pilots to maintain adequate visual lookout while in the airport traffic pattern, which resulted in an in-flight collision.
- [NTSB CHI93LA324](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA324.md): Bellanca BL-17-30 · Lee'S Summit, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1993 · N4846V · Substantial damage
  > improper maintenance which resulted in a disconnected throttle lever linkage.
- [NTSB MIA93LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA174.md): Cessna 150F · Pembroke Pines, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 1993 · N7873F · Substantial damage
  > Total loss of engine power caused by fuel exhaustion and inadequate preflight planning/preparation by the pilot-in-command. Contributing to the accident was the inaccurate fuel quantity gauges and the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX93LA320](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA320.md): Cessna T210N · Delano, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 11, 1993 · N300GW · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate preflight inspection and his failure to refuel the aircraft.
- [NTSB SEA93LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA172.md): Beech 76 · Portland, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1993 · N3692X · Substantial damage
  > Jamming of the nose landing gear assembly and the pilot-in-command not maintaining the proper glidepath during the nose gear up landing.
- [NTSB LAX93FA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93FA315.md): Beech E35 · Big Bear, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1993 · N3233C · Destroyed
  > A loss of engine power due to unporting of the selected main fuel tank at a critical time, which was caused by the pilot's failure to follow the directives in the flight manual regarding prolonged turns or slips with less than 10 gallons in the selected tank.
- [NTSB ATL93FA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93FA143.md): Beech C-90 · Augusta, GA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 1993 · N90BP · Destroyed
  > Was the pilot's failure to adequately evaluate inflight weather conditions which resulted in a loss of control when the airplane encountered a thunderstorm.
- [NTSB FTW93LA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA232.md): Cessna 182A · Killeen, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1993 · N6381B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. Factors were the gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB SEA93LA170](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA170.md): Cessna 172M · Yellow Pine, ID · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1993 · N9554H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improperly planned approach and delayed remedial action. A factor related to the accident was: the proximity of mountainous terrain.
- [NTSB CHI93LA292](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA292.md): Cessna 152 · Marion, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 2, 1993 · N49899 · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the pilot to refuel prior to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB SEA93LA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA168.md): Cessna A150L · Ephrata, WA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N5958J · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > Inadequate visual lookout by both pilots, resulting in their failure to see-and-avoid each other's aircraft. A factor related to the accident was: failure of the Grumman 164B pilot to adequately monitor the UNICOM frequency.
- [NTSB FTW93LA223](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA223.md): Beech 35-33 · Guymon, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N864R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. Factors were windshear and gusty crosswinds.
- [NTSB ATL93LA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA138.md): Molino PIK-20 · Jonesville, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1993 · N3WX · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed, which resulted in an inadvertent stall/spin.
- [NTSB DEN93LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA095.md): Cessna 182Q · Pagosa Springs, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 30, 1993 · CGLIL · Destroyed
  > The decision by the pilot in command to fly at an altitude insufficient for the surrounding terrain. Factors were: the pilot's attention being momentarily diverted and the airplane's climb performance being exceeded.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=139

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=138

---
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