# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 140 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB LAX93LA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA230.md): Cessna 172M · Turlock, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 1993 · N12857 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach and his failure to maintain airspeed.
- [NTSB FTW93FA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93FA165.md): Fairchild SA-226T · Santa Fe, NM · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 26, 1993 · N241DT · Destroyed
  > The pilot's poorly planned circling approach, and his failure to maintain an adequate altitude. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the dark night and a lack of visual reference.
- [NTSB FTW93FA163](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93FA163.md): MBB BK 117 A-4 · Lafayette, LA · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 25, 1993 · N401PH · Substantial damage
  > Cyclic control rod movement was restricted due to improper installation of the lateral cyclic control rod by company maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB SEA93LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA119.md): Applebay Zuni · Deer Park, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 23, 1993 · N4321D · Substantial damage
  > Improperly planned approach by the PIC.
- [NTSB MIA93LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA128.md): John Shufflebarger Zenair Zodiak · Lakeland, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1993 · N693JS · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain airspeed after separation of the canopy, resulting in the aircraft entering a stall/mush condition and descending uncontrolled to the ground. Contributing to the accident was the failure of the pilot-in-command…
- [NTSB ATL93LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA095.md): Cessna 172 · Athens, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 1993 · N1497V · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the aircraft engine to produce power for unknown reasons.
- [NTSB BFO93LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA095.md): Schweizer SGS-233A · Johnson City, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1993 · N17870 · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the flight crew. Factors related to the accident were: the downdraft on final approach, the terrain conditions (cliff & obstructions) near the approach end of the runway, and the lack of relative experience for each of the pilots.
- [NTSB MIA93LA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA124.md): Cessna 152 · Leesburg, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1993 · N93137 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to initiate a climb.
- [NTSB FTW93FA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93FA158.md): Piper PA-22-108 · Weatherford, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 17, 1993 · N4924Z · Substantial damage
  > Total loss of engine power with cause undetermined. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain.
- [NTSB MIA93FA121](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93FA121.md): Bell 47-G · Parker, FL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 16, 1993 · N970B · Destroyed
  > the misjudgement of the distance by the nonrated pilot-in-command and subsequent collision with a tree. Contributing to the accident was the lack of helicopter experience of the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB LAX93FA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93FA215.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Grass Valley, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 16, 1993 · N26075 · No damage
  > The pilot prematurely raising the airplane's flaps at an airspeed insufficient to maintain flight which resulted in an inadvertent stall mush condition. A factor in this accident was the darkness of the night.
- [NTSB CHI93DEP01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93DEP01.md): Bryant Mustang II · Kenosha, WI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 16, 1993 · N90YP · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's not maintaining control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB DEN93LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA057.md): Cessna 182N · Durango, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 1993 · N773JB · Destroyed
  > An inadvertent stall. A factor was: downdrafts and the pilot's continued flight into known adverse weather.
- [NTSB SEA93LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA104.md): Beech A36 · Seaside, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1993 · N435BW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's delaying the go around. Factors contributing to the accident were tailwinds and the pilot in command's misjudgement of wind information.
- [NTSB SEA93LA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA103.md): Cessna 172M · Kapowsin, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 1993 · N9534H · Substantial damage
  > An undetermined loss of engine power.
- [NTSB MIA93LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA116.md): Beech A23A · Fort Myers, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 4, 1993 · N2312W · Substantial damage
  > Total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion and poor preflight planning/preparation by the pilot in command. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's failure to request winds aloft during the weather briefing.
- [NTSB LAX93GA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93GA195.md): Mooney M20J · Sedona, AZ · Accident · 2 fatal · Final report · May 1, 1993 · N201GK · Destroyed
  > Undetermined.
- [NTSB CHI93FA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93FA153.md): Cessna 150L · De Kalb, IL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 1, 1993 · N6783G · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot flying the airplane to maintain an airspeed above stall speed.
- [NTSB CHI93LA150](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA150.md): Cessna U206F · Oshkosh, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 1993 · N50963 · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB ATL93LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA085.md): Cessna 150G · Arden, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 29, 1993 · N2971J · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power, and the pilot's premature flare during landing, which resulted in a landing stall. Factors were the high obstructions (trees) trees near the landing site, and the uphill terrain conditions
- [NTSB FTW93IA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93IA141.md): Commander 114B · Oklahoma City, OK · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1993 · N194A · 2 aircraft · Minor damage
  > The pilot of the pitts, N51ST, misunderstanding of the tower's instructions and clearance, and his failure to see and avoid the Commander 114B, N194A.
- [NTSB DEN93FA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93FA047.md): Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-82 · Denver, CO · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 1993 · N14816 · Substantial damage
  > An inflight encounterwith a microburst at an altitude insufficient to effect recovery.
- [NTSB FTW93FA138](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93FA138.md): Snobird 532 · Early, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1993 · N6147N · Destroyed
  > The pilot's inadvertent porpoise. A factor was the improperly adjusted trim spring
- [NTSB DEN93IA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93IA044.md): Boeing 737-522 · Denver, CO · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 1993 · N905UA · No damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain adequate separation from the Boeing 757, and his failure to stay above the probable path of the Boeing's wake vortices, which resulted in the vortex encounter. Factors related to the accident were: the crosswind, and…
- [NTSB NYC93LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA089.md): Boeing E75 · Zanesville, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1993 · N181RF · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of the throttle by the pilot.
- [NTSB LAX93LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA183.md): Cessna 172N · Needles, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 23, 1993 · N6292D · Substantial damage
  > the total loss of engine power due to the failure of the magneto in the ignition system. The magneto failure resulted from the operator's lack of voluntary compliance with the manufacturers suggested overhaul cycle.
- [NTSB SEA93LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA100.md): Cessna 150G · Pendleton, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1993 · N3163X · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion due to the pilot's failure to refuel. Factors contributing to the accident were the pilot's becoming lost/disoriented and soft terrain.
- [NTSB CHI93LA145](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA145.md): Piper PA-31-310 · Port Huron, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1993 · N654N · Substantial damage
  > failure of the landing gear actuator cable.
- [NTSB NYC93LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA087.md): Cessna 150L · Melville, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1993 · N601MS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper inflight planning and decision, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the subsequent forced landing.
- [NTSB ATL93LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA078.md): Dobbs VAN'S Aircraft RV-6 · Kingston, TN · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1993 · N316DD · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for gusty wind conditions. A factor was the wind gust of 20-25 knots.
- [NTSB CHI93LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA142.md): Piper PA-38-112 · Festus, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 18, 1993 · N9298T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain a proper glidepath during approach. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the pilot's motion sickness and the effect of the over-the-counter medication on his piloting performance.
- [NTSB SEA93LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA098.md): Ercoupe 415-C · Helena, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 1993 · N94142 · Destroyed
  > The inadequate lookout by the PIC and his failure to maintain clearance from electrical wires. A factor relating to the accident was the presence of electrical wires near the approach end of the airstrip.
- [NTSB ATL93LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA074.md): Cessna 177RG · Concord City, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1993 · N44BG · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft and his delayed decision to execute a go around. A factor in the accident was the strong gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB LAX93LA176](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA176.md): Cessna 172N · Flagstaff, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1993 · N3443E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's poor aircraft handling techniques, his failure to correctly configure the carburetor heat control during the go around, and, his failure to maintain an adequate airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall mush condition. Factors in the…
- [NTSB NYC93GA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93GA082.md): Bell 206B · Lucasville, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Apr 14, 1993 · N72HP · Destroyed
  > Loss of tail rotor effectiveness which resulted in the loss of aircraft control. A factor which contributed to the accident were unfavorable winds.
- [NTSB FTW93LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA129.md): Cessna 150K · Houston, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 13, 1993 · N6099G · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion induced power loss and the pilot's failure to refuel. A factor was the existing night conditions
- [NTSB NYC93FA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93FA080.md): Piper PA-32R-301 · Lapeer, NY · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 12, 1993 · N292SP · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper inflight decision to continue flight into known icing conditions. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the pilot's failure to obtain updated weather information prior to departure, the icing conditions, and the degraded…
- [NTSB SEA93LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA095.md): Rolladen-Schneider LS4A · Wenatchee, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1993 · N7DZ · Substantial damage
  > Misjudged weather evaluation. Factors include high winds encountered on approach.
- [NTSB NYC93LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA078.md): Cessna 172 · Durham, NH · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1993 · N8228G · Substantial damage
  > Improper planning/decision by the pilot, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and loss of engine power. Factors related to the accident were flight into adverse weather conditions, failure to obtain inflight weather information, and pilot fatigue.
- [NTSB MIA93LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA097.md): Piper J3C-65 · Bartow, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 10, 1993 · N2218M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions. The downdraft was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA93LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA090.md): Cessna 182M · Hamilton, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 8, 1993 · N71654 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of carburetor heat. A factor which contributed to the accident was the carburetor icing conditions.
- [NTSB ATL93LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA070.md): Beech A36 · Augusta, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1993 · N29AP · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper fuel management, which resulted in fuel starvation and engine stoppage.
- [NTSB SEA93LA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93LA089.md): Piper PA-24 · Casper, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1993 · N5541P · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion, and the pilot in command's poor inflight decision. Factors include an inadequate preflight by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB SEA93FA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93FA088.md): Mitsubishi MU-2B-35 · Casper, WY · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 6, 1993 · N96JP · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper altitude during the night IFR approach in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
- [NTSB NYC93LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA069.md): Beech E-55 · Leesburg, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1993 · N777EV · Substantial damage
  > Improper use of the fuel selectors, which resulted in fuel starvation and loss of power in both engines. Darkness was a related factor.
- [NTSB CHI93LA131](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA131.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Northwood, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1993 · N108ND · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB NYC93LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA068.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Doylestown, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1993 · N5338W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall. Contributing was the lack of total experience.
- [NTSB LAX93LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA162.md): Piper J3 · Buckeye, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1993 · N30503 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate visual look-out and failure to maintain clearance from the wires. Lack of experience in the geographical (airport) area was a factor.
- [NTSB DEN93LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA037.md): Piper PA-30 · Eckert, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1993 · N8210Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain adequate clearance from the truck during the landing. Factors which contributed to the accident were: the pilot's poor judgement in attempting the operation, and the driver's poor judgement in not vacating all…
- [NTSB MIA93LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA093.md): Maule M-5-210C · Panacea, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1993 · N51600 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadeqaute compensation for wind conditions. The downdraft was a factor.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=141

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=140

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