# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 141 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB BFO93FA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93FA061.md): Cessna A152 · Revere, PA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1993 · N761XA · Destroyed
  > The CFI failed to adequately supervise the operation. Related factors were dark night, lost/disorientation of the pilot, and her lack of experience in type of operation (night flying).
- [NTSB BFO93LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA062.md): Kibiuk Quickie · Durhamville, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 27, 1993 · N12726 · Substantial damage
  > The loose battery cable to the negative terminal, resulting in total power loss. A factor related to the accident was the lack of suitable terrain for an emergency landing.
- [NTSB FTW93LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA111.md): Cessna 182 · Washington, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1993 · N5520B · Destroyed
  > Loss of engine power for undetermined reason(s).
- [NTSB CHI93FA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93FA118.md): Cessna 182N · Ludington, MI · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1993 · N8945G · Destroyed
  > the pilot's improper instrument procedures. Related factors are the below approach minima weather conditions, fog and dark night.
- [NTSB ATL93LA064](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA064.md): Cessna 152 · Knightdale, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 26, 1993 · N68276 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot to maintain control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB ANC93LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA048.md): Piper PA-31 · Mekoryuk, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1993 · N9102Y · Substantial damage
  > Pilot-in-command initiated VFR flight into IMC conditions. A factor in this accident was the whiteout weather conditions.
- [NTSB DEN93LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA035.md): Pitts S2B · Boulder, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1993 · N876CB · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to maintain a visual lookout. A factor was: the student pilot's restricted visual lookout.
- [NTSB LAX93LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA158.md): Boeing A75L3 · Carlsbad, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1993 · N58969 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight preparation in that he failed to refuel the aircraft prior to departure.
- [NTSB DEN93LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93LA034.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Las Animas, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 1993 · N4245R · Substantial damage
  > Failure by the pilot in command to maintain control of the aircraft. A factor was: wind gusts.
- [NTSB FTW93LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA109.md): Bellanca 17-30A · Plainview, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 20, 1993 · N4045B · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's the improper flare prior to touchdown. Factors were the fuel starvation power loss and improper positioning of the fuel selector.
- [NTSB BFO93FA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93FA049.md): British Aerospace BAE 3101 · Beckley, WV · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1993 · N159PC · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the captain to assure proper alignment with the plowed portion of the runway (or perform a missed approach). Factors related to the accident were: darkness, the adverse weather condition, inadequate removal of snow from the runway with snow along…
- [NTSB FTW93LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA106.md): Piper PA-23-160 · Mena, AR · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1993 · N4341P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper in-flight planning/decision. Factors related to the accident were: the adverse weather conditions, the pilot's improper use of carburetor heat, his improper IFR procedures, darkness, and the high (mountainous) terrain.
- [NTSB DEN93FA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93FA032.md): Beech A36 · Englewood, CO · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1993 · N4495W · Substantial damage
  > Power loss due to fuel exhaustion as a result of failing to refuel en route. Factors were: inaccurate fuel consumption calculations, lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing, lack of total experience in the type of aircraft being flown, and becoming lost…
- [NTSB CHI93LA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA117.md): Cessna 150J · Hastings, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1993 · N50467 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to refuel the airplane en route which resulted in an inadequate fuel supply for the flight.
- [NTSB FTW93LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA102.md): Mistretta Challenger II · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1993 · N3207C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane. A factor was his possible encounter with turbulence.
- [NTSB CHI93LA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA128.md): Bellanca 7GCBC · Bismarck, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1993 · N88384 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to refuel the airplane en route to ensure adequate fuel to complete the flight.
- [NTSB CHI93IA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93IA115.md): de Havilland SHD-6 · Chicago, IL · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1993 · N364MQ · No damage
  > Failure of the approach and local controllers to maintain IFR separation standards between all the airplanes on the approach.
- [NTSB BFO93LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA047.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Springboro, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1993 · N2868Y · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his distance, and altitude on final approach, and failed to attain the proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB BFO93LA046](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA046.md): Piper PA-28-151 · Sandusky, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1993 · CGAIC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of distance and altitude to the runway, while on final approach, and his failure to attain the proper touchdown point for landing. A factor related to the accident was the proximity of the snowbank to the runway threshold.
- [NTSB MIA93LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA080.md): Cessna 210N · Marco, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1993 · N29WW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to ensure the aircraft contained adequate fuel for the flight, resulting in loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB BFO93LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA048.md): de Havilland DHC-7-102 · Philadelphia, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 5, 1993 · N175RA · No damage
  > An encounter with turbulence during final approach. A factor related to the accident was that the flight attendant was not seated with a seat belt fastened.
- [NTSB DCA93IA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA93IA027.md): Aerospatiale ATR42-300 · Newark, NJ · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 1993 · N99838 · No damage
  > The flightcrew's failure to follow approved procedures that required a minimum propeller spped while flying in icing condition. Contributing to the loss of roll control were the encounters with severe turbulence and icing conditions.
- [NTSB DEN93FA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN93FA031.md): Smith, Ted Aerostar Aerostar 600 · Panama City, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1993 · N90399 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's poorly planned approach to the runway following an instrument approach resulting in a loss of control.
- [NTSB FTW93FA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93FA092.md): Cessna 340A · Center Point, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1993 · N88KH · Destroyed
  > Inadvertent stall. Factors were the weather and the light conditions
- [NTSB CHI93LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA195.md): Cessna A150L · Blaine, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1993 · N6059J · 2 aircraft · Minor damage
  > The failure of the pilot of the Cessna 150, N6059J, and the pilot of the challenger to see and avoid each other.
- [NTSB BFO93FA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93FA033.md): Beech E18S · Lemont, PA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 24, 1993 · N47E · Destroyed
  > Improper inflight planning decision by the pilot, and his failure to maintain proper altitude during the approach. Factors related to the accident were darkness, adverse weather conditions, and high terrain.
- [NTSB CHI93LA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA094.md): Beech B90 · Albert Lea, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 1993 · N442TC · Substantial damage
  > An inadvertent stall due to ice in the pitot/static system.
- [NTSB BFO93LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO93LA032.md): Morgan Challenger II · Quinton, VA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 1993 · UNREG · Destroyed
  > The pilot's impairment due to a neurological injury and drugs, and his failure to maintain control of the airplane during an approach to land. A factor related to the accident was the gusty wind condition.
- [NTSB ATL93FA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93FA061.md): Robinson R22B · Atlanta, GA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 19, 1993 · N621SG · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot/applicant of the R22B, N621SG, to follow low approach procedures, and the failure of the designated examiner/observer in the R22B to maintain visual separation from the Cessna 152, N5532Q. Contributing factors to the accident were:…
- [NTSB FTW93LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA085.md): Bellanca 14-19-3A · Graham, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 12, 1993 · N8876R · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power due to fuel starvation due to the improper position of the fuel tank selector. Factors were the pilot's failure to follow the checklist and the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB ATL93FA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93FA060.md): Cessna 337D · Nashville, TN · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1993 · N861CP · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to ensure an adequate fuel supply for the flight, which resulted in fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB MIA93LA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA061.md): Hughes 269A · Jacksonville, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 4, 1993 · N711CH · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to monitor fuel quantity due to inattentiveness. Contributing to the accident was the improper use of the collective flight control during the soft field autorotation.
- [NTSB CHI93LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA087.md): Piper PA-32 · Austin, MN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 4, 1993 · N3658W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain altitude. The pilot's continued flight into IMC, diverted attention and the environmental conditions were factors.
- [NTSB LAX93LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA109.md): Piper PA-31 · Columbia, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 1, 1993 · N16SC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper glidepath while on short final approach. A factor in the accident was the dark night lighting conditions which may have affected the pilot's perceptual awareness of the airport environment and the cues for a proper…
- [NTSB FTW93LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA077.md): Beech 65-A90 · Marfa, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 30, 1993 · N363N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's continued descent below the proper altitude. Factors were the dark night, fog, and the crew's poor coordination.
- [NTSB CHI93FA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93FA075.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Wichita, KS · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 25, 1993 · N444TD · Destroyed
  > An improper use of the flight controls by the pilot-in-command.
- [NTSB LAX93LA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA102.md): Cessna 172N · Sedona, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 24, 1993 · N737EA · Substantial damage
  > The pilots inadequate compensation for the existing wind conditions and his delay in executing a go around. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB LAX93LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA101.md): Robinson R22B · Palomar Mtn, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1993 · N2335Q · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's initial failure to maintain rotor RPM during the go around and the instructor's improper use of the flight controls and failure to adequately supervise the conduct of the flight.
- [NTSB FTW93LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW93LA073.md): Piper PA-32R-300 · El Dorado, AR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 23, 1993 · N7676C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance. A factor was the dark night.
- [NTSB NYC93LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC93LA054.md): Beech A36 · Willoughby, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1993 · N2890A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper glide path during an instrument approach, and his improper remedial action, resulting in a collision with trees.
- [NTSB LAX93LA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX93LA099.md): Cessna 172L · Ramona, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 22, 1993 · N7965G · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power related to inadequate and improper maintenance practices concerning the carburetor.
- [NTSB CHI93LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA073.md): Cessna 150 · Jeffersonville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 16, 1993 · N45563 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper airspeed. The poorly planned approach was a factor.
- [NTSB ATL93LA051](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL93LA051.md): Cessna 152 · Salisbury, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 14, 1993 · N25865 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot became lost and exhausted the airplane fuel supply.
- [NTSB CHI93LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA070.md): Aero Commander 500-B · Susank, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 12, 1993 · N712AC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's continued flight into adverse weather and the owner's representation that the airplane met the requirements for flight into icing conditions. The weather and airframe ice were factors in the accident.
- [NTSB CHI93LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93LA066.md): Cessna 310R-II · Marysville, KS · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 7, 1993 · N8016M · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain sufficient airspeed. Factors contributing to the accident were the icing conditions encountered, and the windshield & airframe ice.
- [NTSB MIA93LA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA048.md): Piper PA-23 · Tampa, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 6, 1993 · N1439P · Substantial damage
  > Poor in-flight planning/decision by the CFI resulting in the total loss of engine power from both engines due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB ANC93LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC93LA024.md): Cessna 207A · Scammon Bay, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 5, 1993 · N7373U · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to follow VFR procedures. A factor was the whiteout snow condition.
- [NTSB CHI93FA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI93FA063.md): Cessna T337G · Smiths Creek, MI · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 4, 1993 · N1ZD · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the approach. Factors which contributed to the accident were the adverse weather conditions and the dark night.
- [NTSB SEA93FA048](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA93FA048.md): Bell 206B3 · Ogden, UT · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 3, 1993 · N1078V · Destroyed
  > The pilot's continuation of VFR flight into instrument meteorological conditions, and his decision to continue his landing attempts under the adverse weather conditions. Factors contributing to the accident were the low clouds, fog and mountainous terrain.
- [NTSB MIA93LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA93LA042.md): Piper PA-32R-301 · Titusville, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 1, 1993 · N82542 · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power during the downwind leg for undetermined reasons, poor in-flight planning/decision by the dual student, and inadequate supervision by the pilot-in-command (CFI).

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=142

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=141

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