# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 150 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB NYC91FA212](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91FA212.md): Beech 58 · Brookhaven, NY · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1991 · N104SB · Destroyed
  > Pilot physiological incapacitation which resulted in a loss of control in flight, and an uncontrolled descent into water.
- [NTSB ATL91LA162](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA162.md): Harold J. Eagen Pitts Special S-1C · Monroe, GA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 16, 1991 · N9HE · Destroyed
  > Contamination and water existing in the fuel system which resulted in engine stoppage and the pilot's continued flight with a known aircraft deficiency.
- [NTSB ATL91LA159](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA159.md): Aeronca 7AC · Newton, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 15, 1991 · N84692 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain an adequate visual lookout for obstacles.
- [NTSB ANC91LA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA119.md): Cessna 185F · Angoon, AK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 10, 1991 · N715V · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate. Contributing to the accident was pilot's intentional abrupt maneuvering at a low altitude and the flaps that retracted a knotch.
- [NTSB SEA91LA204](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA204.md): Piper PA-28-181 · Sunriver, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1991 · N8444S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for wind conditions, which resulted in a failure to maintain runway alignment. The gusty crosswind was a related factor.
- [NTSB MIA91LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA195.md): Cessna 150L · Gainesville, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1991 · N5396Q · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power for undetermined reasons and a lack of suitable terrain for a forced landing.
- [NTSB CHI91LA258](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA258.md): Cessna 210 · Delavan, WI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 9, 1991 · N6159F · Substantial damage
  > Misjudged fuel consumption calculations by the pilot which resulted in fuel exhaustion. A factor related to the accident was refueling not performed.
- [NTSB MIA91LA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA194.md): Schultz Avid Flyer 502 · O'Brien, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 8, 1991 · N15DW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's improper planned final approach, which resulted in an in flight collision with an electrical service line, and in flight collision with terrain.
- [NTSB CHI91FA254](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91FA254.md): Cessna 172M · Ottumwa, IA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 6, 1991 · N61568 · Destroyed
  > Improper IFR procedure by the pilot by not maintaining the proper minimum descent altitude (mda) until established on the ILS localizer and glidepath.
- [NTSB NYC91LA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA203.md): Cessna 150L · Moraine, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 5, 1991 · N17210 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain airspeed during a go-around, resulting in an inadvertent stall and in flight collision with terrain.
- [NTSB LAX91LA349](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA349.md): Let L-13 · Byron, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 4, 1991 · N53AS · Substantial damage
  > The on ground collision with a hidden ditch not visible to the pilot during the landing roll out phase of a forced landing.
- [NTSB DEN91LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA108.md): Cessna 172 · Slaton, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 4, 1991 · N7806U · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the engine's number three piston. A related factor was: collision with a ditch during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CHI91LA247](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA247.md): Cessna 152 · Warrensburg, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 4, 1991 · N5134Q · Substantial damage
  > Directional control was not maintained by the pilot. A factor related to the accident was lack of total experience in type of operation by the pilot.
- [NTSB LAX91FA342](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA342.md): Piper PA 28-180 · Reno, NV · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1991 · N5277L · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain proper airspeed by employing an excessive angle of attack during the takeoff climb during a go-around resulting in an aerodynamic stall and subsequent inflight loss of control. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's poor…
- [NTSB DEN91LA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA107.md): Beech J35 · Tulsa, OK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1991 · N643T · Destroyed
  > The engine ailure for undetermined reasons. Factors were the light condition and the lack of suitable terrain.
- [NTSB CHI91LA245](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA245.md): Hiller 1345 · Michigan City, IN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 3, 1991 · N57972 · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion due the pilot's delay in refueling. Factors related to the accident were pressure induced by others (passenger), and the absence of suitable terrain.
- [NTSB NYC91FA194](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91FA194.md): Piper PA-32-260 · Monongahela, PA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1991 · N3722W · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to achieve a proper touchdown on the runway due to diverted attention, pressure, and other psychological condition.
- [NTSB DEN91LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA106.md): Cessna 210B · Aspen, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 1991 · N9711X · Destroyed
  > A pilot induced inadvertent stall. Factors were: the pilot's failure to ascertain the landing gear was down and locked in a timely manner, a low (fluid) level in hydraulic reservoir, causing the hydraulic pump to fluctuate (cavitate), and the pilot's…
- [NTSB SEA91LA197](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA197.md): Cessna 150M · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N9190U · Destroyed
  > Failure of the pilot to refuel resulting in fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB NYC91LA195](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA195.md): Beech C50 · Salem, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N9674R · Substantial damage
  > Engine failure as a result of improper maintenance and failure of the propeller feathering system for an undetermined reason. Factors were aircraft poor climb performance as resulted of the unfeathered propeller and obstructions which prevented a return to…
- [NTSB LAX91LA335](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA335.md): Cessna 177 · Scottsdale, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N8067G · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot-in-command accurately performing inflight fuel consumption calculations resulting in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion. Contributing to the accident was the pilot-in-command's poorly planned approached which terminated in a…
- [NTSB FTW91DPG18](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91DPG18.md): Grumman G-164A · Dewitt, AR · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jul 31, 1991 · N5076 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper glidepath. A factor was the berm at the approach end of the runway.
- [NTSB FTW91LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA136.md): Raven RX7 · Gonzales, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1991 · N2801F · Minor damage
  > Unfavorable winds at low altitude. A factor was the electrical power lines.
- [NTSB DEN91LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA105.md): Fink, Charles H. FIN-1 · Albuquerque, NM · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1991 · N1033Y · Destroyed
  > A failure of the throttle system which prevented the pilot from achieving sufficient power to maintain flight. A factor was: the rough terrain.
- [NTSB CHI91DEC03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEC03.md): AL White Breezy AWY · Leslie, MI · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Jul 28, 1991 · N2AW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately maintain control of the aircraft. A factor was the exessive descent rate.
- [NTSB ATL91LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA146.md): Cessna C172M · Mc Minnville, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1991 · N64022 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain cleearance from obstacles during the final approach to landing.
- [NTSB ATL91LA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA144.md): Beech C24R · Morrisville, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 1991 · N6713P · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the left main landing gear uplock cylinder which precluded extension of the landing gear.
- [NTSB NYC91LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA189.md): Hiller UH-12B · Westfield, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1991 · N62246 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to refuel resulting in a power failure due to fuel exhaustion, and subsequent forced landing in unsuitable terrain.
- [NTSB LAX91LA330](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA330.md): Beech V-35 · Minden, NV · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1991 · N2037W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to properly adjust the mixture setting prior to landing to ensure the continued operation of the engine.
- [NTSB FTW91LA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA132.md): Schempp-Hirth Cirrus · Sealy, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 1991 · N8514 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from an object on approach.
- [NTSB MIA91LA191](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA191.md): Aeronca 65-LB · Hilliard, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 26, 1991 · N31864 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain a proper glidepath during final approach resulting in the inflight collision with trees then the ground.
- [NTSB LAX91LA325](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA325.md): Cessna 172N · Napa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 24, 1991 · N5352D · Substantial damage
  > The cfi's failure to initiate the go-around maneuver in a timely manner, and his failure to terminate the simulated emergency maneuver at a proper altitude. A contributing factor was the gusty surface wind.
- [NTSB FTW91DRG06](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91DRG06.md): Questair Venture · San Marcos, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Jul 24, 1991 · N7PZ · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain flying airspeed resulting in a stall.
- [NTSB LAX91FA324](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA324.md): Beech 95-C55 · Granada Hills, CA · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 23, 1991 · N77CQ · Destroyed
  > A loss of directional control following an undetermined autopilot failure, during which the pilot failed to perform the emergency procedure to correct a mis-trim condition. Contributing to the accident was a perceived elevator control problem; the inability…
- [NTSB ANC91LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA105.md): Cessna 182 · Girdwood, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 22, 1991 · N4944D · Substantial damage
  > Improper in flight planning, fuel starvation and fuel supply not understood by the pilot. Contributing to the accident was rough and uneven terrain.
- [NTSB LAX91LA322](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA322.md): Experimental Brown 2 · San Carlos, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 21, 1991 · N255Y · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during the attempted go around.
- [NTSB SEA91LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA192.md): Cessna 172M · Little Rock, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1991 · N12958 · Substantial damage
  > A delayed go-around, and airspeed not being maintained. Factors include the pilot's overconfidence in the aircraft's ability, the pilot's lack of total experience in this type of operation, misjudged clearance, and the use of improper procedure.
- [NTSB BFO91LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA070.md): Grumman AA5 · Oakland, MD · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1991 · N9599L · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB ATL91LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA136.md): Cessna 150L · Belhaven, NC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 1991 · N51361 · Substantial damage
  > The poor in flight planning by the pilot. Factors related to the accident were the failure of the pilot to compensate for the tail wind, maintain airspeed, and maintain clearance from the trees.
- [NTSB SEA91FA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA175.md): Cessna TU206G · Mccall, ID · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1991 · N7216N · Destroyed
  > Procedures/directives were not followed. Factors to the accident were: improper fuel boost pump selector position, leaded spark plugs and sunglare.
- [NTSB LAX91LA317](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA317.md): Beech 55B · Cupertino, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1991 · N54339 · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion which resulted from the pilot inaccurately calculating fuel consumption and fuel requirements.
- [NTSB LAX91LA315](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA315.md): Piper PA32-300 · Corona, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1991 · N5233S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an airspeed above the aircraft's stall speed after the engine failed. Factors contributing to the accident were: the failure of the engine, magneto and accessory drive gear, the rough terrain conditions over which the engine…
- [NTSB CHI91MA220](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91MA220.md): Aerospace ATR-42-300 · Peoria, IL · Accident · No injuries · Major investigation · Final report · Jul 17, 1991 · N425TE · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate aircraft equipment component (failed bolt), and insufficient inspection standards pertaining to the failed bolt. A factor related to the accident is inaccurate maintenance record keeping relating to oil consumption.
- [NTSB DEN91LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA100.md): Aerostar S57-A · Avon, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 14, 1991 · N57053 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a visual lookout. A factor was: the pilot's attention being diverted.
- [NTSB CHI91LA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA218.md): Piper PA-24-260 · Flint, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 14, 1991 · N8803P · Substantial damage
  > Propeller pitch change mechanism sheared. Factors related to the accident were powerplant vibration and proper touchdown point not possible.
- [NTSB CHI91FA216](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91FA216.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Seneca, IL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 14, 1991 · N7616W · Destroyed
  > Proper glidepath not maintained, and inadequate altitude and visual lookout by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB SEA91LA172](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA172.md): Cessna 150H · Shelton, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 13, 1991 · N50081 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate preflight planning/preparation by the pilot in command. Factors to the accident were: delayed go-around gusting winds, poor compensation for wind conditions, and unsuitable terrain.
- [NTSB NYC91FA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91FA178.md): Piper PA-32RT-300T · Yarmouth, MA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 13, 1991 · N36272 · Destroyed
  > The failure of the number one cylinder fuel injector line due to fatigue cracking induced by corrosion and propagated by cyclic loading which resulted in a total loss of engine power. The corrosion was due to the manufacturer's process of brazing the metal…
- [NTSB LAX91LA309](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA309.md): Mooney M20 · Little River, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 13, 1991 · N999LM · Destroyed
  > The pilot inadvertently inducing a stall spin condition with insufficient altitude to recover from the spin.
- [NTSB FTW91LA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA120.md): Piper PA-23 · Cresson, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 11, 1991 · N289RL · Destroyed
  > A loss of engine power for unknown reasons and the failure of the certified flight instructor/pilot-in-command to feather the propeller.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=151

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=150

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