# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 151 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB DCA91MA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA91MA042.md): Beech C99 · Birmingham, AL · Accident · 13 fatal · Major investigation · Final report · Jul 10, 1991 · N7217L · Destroyed
  > The decision of the captain to initiate and continue an instrument approach into clearly identified thunderstorm activity, resulting in a loss of control of the airplane from which the flightcrew was unable to recover and subsequent collision with obstacles…
- [NTSB LAX91LA294](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA294.md): Cessna 140 · Montague, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 7, 1991 · N3160N · Substantial damage
  > The failure of an exhaust valve in the engine.
- [NTSB CHI91FA212](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91FA212.md): Centrair Pegasus 101B · Hinckley, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 7, 1991 · N126CC · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both pilots to maintain adequate visual lookout and ensure adequate separation during traffic pattern operations. A related factor is the non-standard uncontrolled airport procedures used by N126CC.
- [NTSB SEA91LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA158.md): Beech BE-77 · Benton City, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1991 · N1806C · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's disregard of the airplane's performance capability. Contributing to the accident was high density altitude.
- [NTSB LAX91LA290](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA290.md): Alon A2 · Trinity Center, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1991 · N6570Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to ensure an adequate supply of fuel was available. Contributing to this accident was soft terrain.
- [NTSB LAX91FA292](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA292.md): Beech G35 · Pacoima, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1991 · N164N · Destroyed
  > Improper positioning of the fuel selector by the pilot, which resulted in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB ANC91FA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91FA090.md): Cessna 185A · Valdez, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 6, 1991 · N5081H · Substantial damage
  > Loss of aircraft control for an undetermined reason during an approach to land.
- [NTSB MIA91LA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA178.md): Cessna 172N · Rontonda West, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 5, 1991 · N7354E · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to maintain an adequate visual lookout which caused him to fly the airplane into wires.
- [NTSB CHI91LA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA214.md): Ercoupe 415-C · Sparta, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 5, 1991 · N87169 · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate preflight by the pilot and the pilot's failure to reach a proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB FTW91DQG01](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91DQG01.md): LGS CGS Hawk · Crane, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Jul 4, 1991 · UNREG · Destroyed
  > The inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB BFO91LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA062.md): Cessna 172 · South Boston, VA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 4, 1991 · N1378U · Substantial damage
  > The lost of engine power for undetermined reasons and the lack of suitable terrain to make a forced landing.
- [NTSB CHI91LA206](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA206.md): Cessna 150 · Carlos, MN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 3, 1991 · N50637 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to use adequate carburetor heat. Factors to the accident were the carburetor icing conditions and the wires.
- [NTSB NYC91IA165](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91IA165.md): Boeing 727-254 · Buffalo, NY · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jul 2, 1991 · N913TS · No damage
  > Chaffing fire detector loop on the number one engine.
- [NTSB SEA91LA147](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA147.md): Let L-13 · Driggs, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1991 · N711KR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his distance and altitude to the runway during the approach and failed to attain the proper touchdown point for landing. His lack of experience in the make and model of glider was a related factor.
- [NTSB ATL91FA120](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91FA120.md): Hughes 269C · Blakely, GA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 1, 1991 · N11017 · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power for an undetermined reason, and failure of the instructor pilot (CFI) to follow procedures and maintain rotor RPM.
- [NTSB MIA91LA175](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA175.md): Cessna 172K · Groveland, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1991 · N46305 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed resulting in inadvertent stall/mush.
- [NTSB LAX91FA280](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA280.md): Mitsubishi MU-2B-36A · Goleta, CA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 1991 · N2CJ · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane after becoming spatially disoriented. Factors related to the accident were: darkness, low overcast cloud condition, the pilot's decision to continue VFR flight into instrument meteorological…
- [NTSB CHI91LA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA202.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Vermillion, SD · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 27, 1991 · N541FL · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to operate the airplane with known deficiencies and an improper landing flare. Related factors are the use of automobile fuel, extreme temperatures and overshooting the planned landing approach.
- [NTSB SEA91FA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA142.md): Bell 47G-3B1 · Goldendale, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1991 · N7859S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgement of fuel supply.
- [NTSB CHI91LA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA203.md): Cessna 150G · Big Rapids, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 26, 1991 · N51306 · Substantial damage
  > The stall/mush which occurred during the go-around. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's abrupt pull-up maneuver.
- [NTSB FTW91LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA108.md): Cessna 152 · Hutto, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 25, 1991 · N93097 · Substantial damage
  > The engine failure due to carburetor ice. Factors were the instructor's improper use of carburetor heat and the fouled spark plugs.
- [NTSB SEA91LA137](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA137.md): Hughes 269B · Warrenton, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 19, 1991 · N9380F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain proper rotor speed during a simulated autorotation.
- [NTSB SEA91LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA133.md): Cessna 182G · Pleasant Grove, UT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N3705U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintian proper airspeed while on final approach.
- [NTSB FTW91LA099](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA099.md): Champion 7FC · Medina, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 1991 · N7680E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate visual lookout.
- [NTSB LAX91LA263](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA263.md): Cessna 152 · Fountain Hills, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 15, 1991 · N49627 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the student pilot and instructor pilot to correctly configure the aircraft for the attempted go around. Contributing to the accident was the improper supervision of the flight by the flight instructor.
- [NTSB ATL91LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA111.md): Rider-Charles Aerosport Scamp · Raeford, NC · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 15, 1991 · N9994A · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper adjustment of the engine carburetor, and his operation of the aircraft with a known powerplant deficiency. Factors in this accident were: the lack of spring tension for the fuel mixture, and the fouled condition of the engine spark plugs.
- [NTSB FTW91LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA096.md): Cessna 182 · Farmerville, LA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 1991 · N6278A · Substantial damage
  > A fuel starvation induced power loss due to the pilot's failure to select the proper fuel tank.
- [NTSB CHI91LA188](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA188.md): Schweizer SGS 1-34 · Highland, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 12, 1991 · N7634 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot misjudged his touchdown point.
- [NTSB SEA91LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA129.md): Boeing E75 · Aurora, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 8, 1991 · N1067N · Substantial damage
  > An improperly adjusted carburetor and improper maintenance. Factors include an earthen berm which the aircraft struck during the landing roll.
- [NTSB LAX91LA248](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA248.md): Bell 206B · Lihue, HI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 7, 1991 · N212OX · Destroyed
  > Fuel exhaustion. Factors related to the accident was the failure of the pilot-in-command to ensure that sufficient fuel was available for the flight.
- [NTSB CHI91LA182](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA182.md): Cessna 310L · Fort Wayne, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 6, 1991 · N3337X · Substantial damage
  > The improper installation of a bearing by maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB ATL91LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA106.md): Glaser-Dirks DG-200 · Marshallville, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 4, 1991 · N202DG · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed and the inadvertent stall/spin. A factor was the loss of thermal lifting action.
- [NTSB NYC91LA153](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA153.md): Cessna 310R · Westerly, RI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1991 · N3227A · Substantial damage
  > Improper installation of the right propeller which resulted in thread failure in the propeller hub and separation of the propeller in flight. A factor related to the accident was the right propeller striking the right main landing gear causing its separation…
- [NTSB LAX91LA234](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA234.md): Cessna T-210 · St. Helena, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1991 · N3Z · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot executed a poorly planned approach and failed to attain a proper touchdown point and delayed the go-around.
- [NTSB FTW91FA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91FA088.md): Beech A36 · Lakeview, AR · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 1, 1991 · N324CB · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper visual approach, and his failure to maintain an adequate visual lookout for obstructions. Factors were the unmarked power lines
- [NTSB LAX91LA228](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA228.md): Beech C-45H · Lake Elsinore, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 29, 1991 · N9903Z · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation due to an improper modification of the fuel system and the pilot's failure to ensure that the aircraft was airworthy prior to flight.
- [NTSB ATL91LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA101.md): Schweizer SGS2-33A · Little River, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 28, 1991 · N1181S · Substantial damage
  > That the pilot dragged the right wing tip on final approach when he failed to control the aircraft. Factors to this accident were: a wind shift below the treetops.
- [NTSB SEA91FA119](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA119.md): Stinson 108-2 · Gold Bar, WA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 25, 1991 · N9715K · Destroyed
  > The pilot's continued VFR flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and his failure to remain clear of the obstacles (trees). The adverse weather condition (fog) was a related factor.
- [NTSB DEN91IA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91IA076.md): Aero Commander 690C · Denver, CO · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 24, 1991 · N81TR · No damage
  > Fatigue failure of flap cable.
- [NTSB SEA91LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA112.md): Cessna 172P · Alva, WY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1991 · N172GA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's overconfidence in his personal ability, overconfidence in the aircraft's ability. Contributing to the accident was the engine failure.
- [NTSB CHI91LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA174.md): Cameron N120 · Overland Park, KS · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 21, 1991 · N4014R · No damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper descent rate during an approach for landing.
- [NTSB NYC91DGT04](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91DGT04.md): George E Heide, JR. Moni Motorglider · Annville, PA · Accident · No injuries · Final report · May 20, 1991 · N107GH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's intentional landing on unsuitable terrain due to a loss of altitude precipitated by a downdraft.
- [NTSB ATL91LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA096.md): Schweizer 269C · Rock Hill, SC · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 20, 1991 · N7507J · Destroyed
  > The pilot diverted his attention to a poisonous snake in the cockpit and failed to maintain control of the aircraft.
- [NTSB NYC91FA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91FA136.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Ravenna, OH · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 18, 1991 · N7808P · Destroyed
  > Failure of the instructor pilot (CFI) to assure that adequate airspeed was maintained, after maneuvering (turning) for spacing behind another aircraft, which resulted in an inadvertent stall/mush. Factors related to the accident were: the improperly planned…
- [NTSB FTW91LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA083.md): Australite Aerobat FPP1 · Odessa, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 18, 1991 · N117BT · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation as a result of a cracked fuel line inside the fuel cell. A factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB DEN91FA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91FA072.md): Beech C23 · Boulder, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 18, 1991 · N6AL · Substantial damage
  > Inadvertent stall/mush due to the passengers's delay in relinquishing aircraft control, and inadequate supervision of the flight by the pilot in command. Factors were: mixture not leaned, and a high density altitude takeoff with a slight quartering tailwind.
- [NTSB ATL91LA095](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA095.md): Beech 55 · Perry, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 17, 1991 · N42WE · Substantial damage
  > Improper in-flight planning/decision by the pilot in command (CFI). The improper procedure of turning the fuel selector valve to 'off' at altitude to simulate a failed engine, then delaying restarting of the engine until the aircraft was on final approach was…
- [NTSB SEA91LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA108.md): Lee Bede BD-4 · Elma, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 1991 · N17127 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot did not maintain an adequate airspeed. Factors to the accident were: proper alignment was not maintained, inadequate remedial action, and the pilot did not identify a stall.
- [NTSB FTW91FA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91FA078.md): Beech A36 · Caldwell, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 15, 1991 · N6732C · Destroyed
  > The pilot-in-command's failure to properly position the fuel selector handle resulting in a fuel starvation power loss. A factor was the inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB ATL91IA094](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91IA094.md): Boeing 727-223 · Nashville, TN · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 15, 1991 · N882AA · Minor damage
  > The captain's failure to maintain a proper glide path after disconnection of the autopilot during the final approach. Factors in this accident were: the captain's failure to follow company procedures for category ii approaches, the first officer's failure to…

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=152

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=151

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