# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 152 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ATL91LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA093.md): Cessna 172I · Clanton, AL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 14, 1991 · N46240 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain control of the aircraft during a go-around. The pilot's lack of experience was a related factor.
- [NTSB LAX91LA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA211.md): Glasflugel Mosquito · Pearblossom, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 1991 · N210TD · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain adequate airspeed to avoid stalling the aircraft.
- [NTSB MIA91LA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA142.md): Cessna 150J · Lantana, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1991 · N20PC · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to perform fuel consumption calculations which resulted in fuel exhaustion due to an inadequate fuel supply. Also, inadvertent stall/mush by the pilot during the forced landing. Contributing to the accident was an incorrect fuel gauge.
- [NTSB CHI91LA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA155.md): Piper J3 · Creston, IA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 1991 · N88441 · Substantial damage
  > Icing in the induction air control system.
- [NTSB ANC91LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91LA057.md): Piper PA-18 · Dillingham, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 1991 · N83582 · Substantial damage
  > Carburetor icing and the pilot's failure to follow proper procedures and directives pertaining to carburetor heat.
- [NTSB NYC91LA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA127.md): Cessna 414A · Piqua, OH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1991 · N222SV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's incomplete preflight of the fuel quantity and the inaccurate fuel gages, which resulted in fuel starvation and total loss of engine power and subsequent forced landing on rough terrain. Factors relating to the accident were the pilot's improper…
- [NTSB LAX91LA202](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA202.md): Cessna 140 · Ojai, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 7, 1991 · N89828 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind condition. A factor related to the accident was the downdraft weather condition.
- [NTSB LAX91FA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91FA203.md): Cessna 182A · Lee Vining, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 6, 1991 · N2137G · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain aircraft control due to spatial disorientation during a night approach.
- [NTSB FTW91LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA073.md): Cessna 150J · Cypress, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1991 · N60544 · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the PIC to maintain proper airspeed and the inadvertent stall experienced by the pilot rated passenger. A factor was the pic's failure to attain runway alignment.
- [NTSB CHI91LA146](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA146.md): Robinson R22 Beta · Ann Arbor, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 5, 1991 · N2360K · Substantial damage
  > Loss of engine power due to carburetor ice, and the pilot's failure to use carburetor heat. Factors related to the accident were: carburetor icing conditions, and a false indication from the carburetor air temperature gage.
- [NTSB NYC91FA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91FA123.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Hancock Village, NY · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 28, 1991 · N102LW · Destroyed
  > The loss of aircraft control and subsequent collision with trees after the pilot became physically incapacitated.
- [NTSB MIA91LA129](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA129.md): Brantly Helicopter B-2B · Winter Haven, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 27, 1991 · N2193U · Substantial damage
  > Failure of the pilot to maintain directional control and improper use of the collective and cyclic flight controls after the loss of tail rotor effectiveness during the approach to land. Contributing to the accident was his lack of total experience in type…
- [NTSB MIA91LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA126.md): Rudolph Zeller Lancair · Titusville, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1991 · N360R · Destroyed
  > The use of improper materials for construction of the alternate air door by the aircraft owner/builder resulting in failure and separation of the door which resulted in blockage of air flow to the carburetor and loss of all engine power.
- [NTSB DEN91LA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA063.md): Cessna 172 · Steamboat Sprin, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 22, 1991 · N6231K · Substantial damage
  > The CFI used poor judgement in giving a simulated engine failure by turning off the fuel selector valve.
- [NTSB SEA91LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA090.md): Piper PA-22-108 · Auburn, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1991 · N1567Z · Substantial damage
  > An improper fuel selector valve handle, improper selection of the fuel selector position, and the pilot's lack of understanding of the fuel selector position.
- [NTSB FTW91LA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA069.md): Cessna 172L · Huntsville, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 1991 · N5536E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane. A factor was the emphasis placed upon full-stall landings by his instructor.
- [NTSB LAX91LA180](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA180.md): Townsend Executive · Redding, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1991 · N7135X · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain control of the helicopter. A factor in the accident was the pilot's lack of total experience in helicopters.
- [NTSB CHI91DER03](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DER03.md): Varieze 001 · Superior, WI · Accident · 1 fatal · Final report · Apr 19, 1991 · N87VE · Destroyed
  > The pilot's poor planning and decision making which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB ATL91LA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA083.md): Cessna 150J · New Bern, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 1991 · N51414 · Substantial damage
  > The aircraft engine loss of power for an undetermined reason. Factors related to the accident were the dark night, and the inadvertent stall of the aircraft.
- [NTSB CHI91DEM04](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91DEM04.md): Fred B. Stencel Falcon X P · St. Charles, MI · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Apr 18, 1991 · N747AA · Destroyed
  > A result of the pilot in command not maintaining directional control during the go around maneuver. Factors associated with the accident were the pilot in command's lack of total experience and familiarity with the airplane.
- [NTSB CHI91LA134](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91LA134.md): Piper PA-28-161 · Grand Forks, ND · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 16, 1991 · N143ND · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate visual outlook by the pilot in command.
- [NTSB FTW91LA065](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91LA065.md): Cessna 172N · Weatherford, OK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 1991 · N75759 · Substantial damage
  > The inadvertent stalling of the airplane. A factor was the gusty wind.
- [NTSB ATL91LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA080.md): Cessna 177RG · Saluda, SC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 13, 1991 · N1960Q · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor did not maintain the proper altitude during the simulated forced landing.
- [NTSB NYC91LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA109.md): Cessna 150E · Walkill, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1991 · N3566J · Destroyed
  > An inflight collision with terrain during an uncontrolled descent after the pilot parachuted from the airplane. Contributing to the accident were fuel exhaustion and the pilot's disregard for emergency procedures.
- [NTSB NYC91LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA104.md): Piper J-4A · Mahopac, NY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1991 · N23179 · Substantial damage
  > The erratic performance of the left magneto resulting in inadequate climb capabilities and in flight collision with terrain.
- [NTSB MIA91LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA118.md): Ercoupe 415-C · Green Cove Spgs, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 1991 · N3025H · Substantial damage
  > Loss of control while on approach to land due to failure of the pilot to maintain vs resulting in the airplane stalling and impacting the ground nose low.
- [NTSB LAX91LA158](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA158.md): Glasair III SH-3R · Mesa, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 5, 1991 · N93RB · Substantial damage
  > The mismanagement of the airplane's fuel supply by the pilot and his failure to select a fuel tank containing sufficient fuel for flight which resulted in fuel starvation.
- [NTSB DCA91MA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA91MA033.md): Embraer EMB-120RT · Brunswick, GA · Accident · 23 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Apr 5, 1991 · N270AS · Destroyed
  > The loss of control in flight as a result of a malfunction of the left engine propeller control unit which allowed the propeller blade angles to go below the flight idle position. Contributing to the accident was the deficient design of the propeller control…
- [NTSB NYC91LA100](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA100.md): Mooney M20J · Blue Ash, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 4, 1991 · N5810C · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to maintain proper altitude and airspeed during a landing approach, which resulted in a stall and spin at too low an altitude to recover. A factor related to the accident was the lack of recent flight experience by the pilot.
- [NTSB DCA91MA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA91MA031.md): Bell 412SP · Merion, PA · Accident · 7 fatal · Class 1 · Major · Final report · Apr 4, 1991 · N78S · 2 aircraft · Destroyed
  > The poor judgement by the captain of the airplane to permit the in-flight inspection after he had determined to the best of his ability that the nose landing gear was fully extended, the poor judgment of the captain of the helicopter to conduct the…
- [NTSB MIA91LA116](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA116.md): Cessna 150H · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 3, 1991 · N6908S · Substantial damage
  > Total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion and failure of the pilot to refuel the fuel tanks before departure.
- [NTSB NYC91LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA098.md): Cessna 152 · Bayport, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 2, 1991 · N506DF · Substantial damage
  > Improper control response by the pilot, when encountering adverse wind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident was the limited experience of the pilot in this type of airplane.
- [NTSB SEA91FA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA075.md): Robinson R-22 Beta · Seattle, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 31, 1991 · N2631V · Destroyed
  > The loss of control in flight by the pilot due to his improper preflight preparation in failing to secure cargo which shifted in flight and interfered with the movement of the cyclic control stick.
- [NTSB DEN91LA058](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91LA058.md): Cessna 172B · La Junta, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 31, 1991 · N6904X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed and the resultant inadvertent stall. The pilot's failure to raise the flaps was a factor in the accident.
- [NTSB LAX91LA151](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA151.md): Cessna 182A · Lake Elsinore, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 30, 1991 · N6315A · Substantial damage
  > Undetermined engine power loss. A factor ws the soft terrain.
- [NTSB SEA91FA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91FA073.md): Piper PA-30 · Butte, MT · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1991 · N7133Y · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate inflight decisions, fuel starvation, and failure to perform alternative IFR approach procedures. Factors include operation with known deficiencies in equipment, disorientation, and lack of familiarity with the geographic area.
- [NTSB DEN91FA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN91FA056.md): Cessna 421C · Cortez, CO · Accident · 5 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1991 · N3851C · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper IFR procedures. Factors were: the existing weather conditions and the pilot's failure to obtain a preflight briefing.
- [NTSB ANC91FA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC91FA042.md): Cessna 206 · Homer, AK · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 29, 1991 · N6216U · Destroyed
  > VFR flight by the pilot into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and his failure to maintain sufficient altitude, while maneuvering over water. Factors related to the accident were: the snow shower and probable whiteout conditions.
- [NTSB BFO91LA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA037.md): Piper PA-22-108 · Clinton, MD · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 28, 1991 · N5335Z · Substantial damage
  > The lost of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ATL91LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA070.md): Cessna 150G · Villa Rica, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 25, 1991 · N3798J · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB NYC91LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC91LA093.md): Cessna 150L · Chambersburg, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 24, 1991 · N19102 · Substantial damage
  > Carburetor ice and the pilot's improper use of carburetor heat. A factor related to the accident was: carburetor icing (weather conditions).
- [NTSB LAX91LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA141.md): Cessna 182H · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 1991 · N1805X · Substantial damage
  > The decision of the flight instructor to conduct a simulated power failure emergency in a manner which was inappropriate.
- [NTSB FTW91FA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91FA055.md): Piper PA-24-180 · Pasadena, TX · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 22, 1991 · N888G · Destroyed
  > Power loss due to fuel exhaustion resultant from the pilot's failure to refuel at an alternate destination and the inadvertent stall. Factors were the dark night and weather conditions.
- [NTSB ATL91LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL91LA068.md): Cessna 210G · Metter, GA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 20, 1991 · N28CE · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear when his attention was diverted by radio conversation.
- [NTSB CHI91FA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI91FA108.md): Piper PA-30 · Thief River Fls, MN · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1991 · N8290Y · Destroyed
  > Improper IFR procedure of the pilot, while intercepting the ILS localizer, by not maintianing the minimum descent altitude (mda) for that segment of the approach.
- [NTSB BFO91LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/BFO91LA032.md): Piper PA32-260 · Roanoke, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 1991 · N4870T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain terrain clearance on a night visual approach.
- [NTSB SEA91LA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA91LA068.md): Cessna 140 · Pullman, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1991 · N2455N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's encounter with wake turbulence shortly before touchdown, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB LAX91LA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX91LA136.md): Cessna T207A · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1991 · N75841 · Substantial damage
  > Fuel exhaustion due to fuel siphoning in flight from an unsecured filler cap. The inaccurate preflight inspection of the aircraft by the pilot was also causal in this accident.
- [NTSB FTW91FA049](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW91FA049.md): Beech 36 · New Braunfels, TX · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1991 · N23535 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's disregard for the minimum descent altitude and failure to perform a missed approach. Factors were the pilot's attempt to fly into known adverse weather conditions, low ceiling, rain, and fog.
- [NTSB MIA91LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA91LA098.md): Elliott Emeraude · Eustis, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 14, 1991 · N31HE · Destroyed
  > Excessive elevator control input by the PIC while his attention was diverted, inattentiveness to the airspeed (vs), and inadvertent stall while on approach to land.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=153

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=152

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