# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 50 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB WPR12LA359](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12LA359.md): Fechtner KR-2 · Tehachapi, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 14, 2012 · N37686 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the approach to the airport.
- [NTSB WPR12CA358](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12CA358.md): Boughner R 80 Tiger Moth · Ramona, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 14, 2012 · N615SX · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper fuel management, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel starvation.
- [NTSB CEN12LA545](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA545.md): Dykas Kitfox Series 7 · Monroe, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 13, 2012 · N646FD · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate descent angle flown by the pilot during a final approach for landing, which resulted in an in-flight collision with a power line.
- [NTSB ERA12LA509](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA509.md): Destiny XLT 2000 · Grayson, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 12, 2012 · N103ME · Substantial damage
  > The non-certificated pilot’s inadequate preflight inspection, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB WPR12CA350](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12CA350.md): Cessna 152 · Eastvale, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 10, 2012 · N94185 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both pilots to ensure that no water was present in the fuel, which resulted in a complete loss of engine power and a forced off-field landing.
- [NTSB CEN12LA529](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA529.md): Piper PA32RT · Palo Pinto, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 7, 2012 · N36103 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control and a proper pitch attitude and airspeed while performing a go-around.
- [NTSB CEN12IA518](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12IA518.md): Bell 407 · San Antonio, TX · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Aug 5, 2012 · N429PH · Minor damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from a tower guy wire during the approach to a helipad at night.
- [NTSB CEN12CA526](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12CA526.md): Cessna 172R · Leesville, LA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 3, 2012 · N989BT · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to properly re-configure the airplane for a go-around, which resulted in a runway excursion when he decided to land on the remaining runway.
- [NTSB WPR12CA340](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12CA340.md): Piper PA-22-160 · McKinleyville, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Aug 2, 2012 · N3442Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper fuel management, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel starvation. Contributing to the accident were the pilot’s lack of experience in the accident airplane make and model and his lack of knowledge regarding the fuel system.
- [NTSB ERA12LA494](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA494.md): Piper PA-44-180 · Titusville, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Aug 1, 2012 · N740FT · Substantial damage
  > Inadequate maintenance servicing and inspection of the nose landing gear, which resulted in the failure of the nose landing gear to lock and its subsequent collapse during landing.
- [NTSB OPS12IA849](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/OPS12IA849.md): Arlington, VA · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jul 31, 2012 · No damage
  > A hearback/readback error on the part of the tower traffic management coordinator, who did not understand the request being made by the approach control area supervisor and then communicated that misunderstanding to the local controllers. Contributing to the…
- [NTSB CEN12CA597](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12CA597.md): Bordelon Bruce Kitfox IV · Castlerock, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 31, 2012 · N396BK · Destroyed
  > Propeller system failure during a go-around maneuver resulting in a forced landing. Contributing to the severity of damage to the airplane was the postimpact fire.
- [NTSB CEN12LA490](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA490.md): Smith Applebay Zuni II · Gregory, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 29, 2012 · N1ZV · Substantial damage
  > The glider pilot’s failure to maintain sufficient altitude and airspeed while turning to the base leg of the traffic pattern, which resulted in a stall/spin and impact with trees and terrain.
- [NTSB ERA12WA488](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12WA488.md): Beech 200 · Juiz de Fora, Brazil · Accident · 8 fatal · Foreign investigation · Jul 28, 2012 · PR-DOC · Destroyed
  > This investigation is being conducted by the Brazilian Aeronautical Accident Prevention and Investigation Center This report is for information purposes only and contains only information released by the government Brazil. All inquiries should be directed to…
- [NTSB ERA12LA489](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA489.md): Beech A36TC · Fayetteville, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 28, 2012 · N6672X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper fuel planning, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB ERA12LA486](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA486.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Blacksburg, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 2012 · N6248P · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s inadequate preflight planning and improper in-flight fuel management, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation.
- [NTSB DCA12IA113](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA12IA113.md): Boeing 737-3H4 · El Paso, TX · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jul 27, 2012 · N379SW · Minor damage
  > the rupture of the nose landing gear hydraulic line that resulted from abrasions due to contact with the nose landing gear tire. Contributing to the incident was the incorrect installation of union and restrictor on the actuator.
- [NTSB ERA12FA483](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12FA483.md): Cessna 172P · Plainville, CT · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 26, 2012 · N64182 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the proper glidepath during final approach in visual meteorological conditions, resulting in collision with a berm.
- [NTSB ERA12FA484](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12FA484.md): Cessna 172M · San Juan, PR · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 25, 2012 · N73115 · Substantial damage
  > Maintenance personnel’s improper lubrication of the right direct aileron control cable and failure to detect the severe corrosion of the cable during a maintenance inspection, which resulted in the in-flight failure of the cable, the pilot’s subsequent…
- [NTSB WPR12TA323](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12TA323.md): Aero Commander 500 S · Elko, NV · Accident · No injuries · Final report · Jul 24, 2012 · N535SA · Substantial damage
  > A loss of power due to fuel exhaustion. Contributing to the accident were the pilot's failure to comply with required fueling procedures and the pilot's poor decision-making in not monitoring his fuel gauge and turning back when it reached minimum fuel.
- [NTSB WPR12FA316](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12FA316.md): Cessna 182P · Corona, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 21, 2012 · N640AM · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power shortly after takeoff for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination did not reveal any anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s decision to take off…
- [NTSB ERA12LA470](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA470.md): Cessna 182A · Farmingdale, NJ · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 21, 2012 · N2166G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper fuel management, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB CEN12LA467](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA467.md): Beech A24R · Miami, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 21, 2012 · N9720Q · Substantial damage
  > An in-flight loss of control on final approach for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB CEN12FA462](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12FA462.md): Nanchang China CJ-6A · Walsenburg, CO · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jul 21, 2012 · N96YK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airplane control while turning from base to final leg in the traffic pattern.
- [NTSB CEN12LA420](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA420.md): Cessna T210M · Colorado Springs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 20, 2012 · N311TM · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the right hydraulic main gear down-lock actuator hose in flight.
- [NTSB WPR12LA313](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12LA313.md): Cessna T210M · Wells, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 19, 2012 · N6181N · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power during the final landing approach for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination did not reveal any malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.
- [NTSB CEN12LA457](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA457.md): Bombardier CL-600-2C10 · Peoria, IL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 19, 2012 · N502AE · No damage
  > The emergency ground egress during which a passenger broke her ankle. Contributing to the accident was the failure of the environmental system, which allowed smoke from a nearby house fire to enter the airplane.
- [NTSB CEN12LA446](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA446.md): SC Iar Sa Brasov IAR 825 · Peru, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jul 15, 2012 · N825BA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper fuel management, which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel starvation.
- [NTSB CEN12LA417](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA417.md): Badeaux Challenger II · New Iberia, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 2012 · N16665 · Substantial damage
  > The operation of an airplane by a noncertificated pilot and his failure to maintain clearance with the power lines during the landing approach.
- [NTSB CEN12LA410](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA410.md): Steven Bornstein/Thomas Whitta Zenith · Centerburg, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 29, 2012 · N701ZN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s inability to actuate the airplane’s rudder during an attempted go-around for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination did not reveal any anomalies that would have precluded normal operation.
- [NTSB ERA12LA422](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA422.md): Mooney M20J · Mc Kinnon, TN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 28, 2012 · N174JB · Substantial damage
  > The separation of the piston connecting rod from the crankshaft due to inadequate installation from a mechanic, resulting in a total loss of engine power.
- [NTSB ERA12CA418](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA418.md): Grumman American Avn. AA-1C · West Chester, PA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 27, 2012 · N9675U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during an attempted go-around, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB WPR12LA286](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12LA286.md): Cessna 182 · Watsonville, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 24, 2012 · N55DN · Substantial damage
  > A total loss of engine power during approach for reasons that could not be determined because postaccident examination did not reveal any mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation.
- [NTSB WPR12CA288](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12CA288.md): Dg-Flugzeugbau DG-500MB · Richland, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 24, 2012 · N505JL · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the spoilers to retract because the right wing spoiler’s lower plate became jammed, which resulted in the glider not having enough lift to make it to the runway surface.
- [NTSB ERA12CA413](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA413.md): Mooney M10 · Hurlock, MD · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 24, 2012 · N9542V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to see and avoid power lines during final approach to landing.
- [NTSB ANC12CA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC12CA081.md): Piper J3F-65 · Beluga, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 21, 2012 · N77EC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed decision to go around, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB ERA12LA401](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA401.md): Beech 400A · Atlanta, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 18, 2012 · N826JH · Substantial damage
  > The flight crew's failure to obtain the proper airspeed for landing, which resulted in the airplane touching down too fast with inadequate runway remaining to stop and a subsequent runway overrun. Contributing to the accident were the failure of either pilot…
- [NTSB ERA12LA405](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA405.md): Cessna 152 · Miami, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 2012 · N67324 · Substantial damage
  > The pilots’ operation of the airplane with an insufficient supply of engine oil, resulting in engine seizure and total loss of engine power.
- [NTSB ERA12CA396](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA396.md): Cessna 150M · Gulf Shores, AL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 14, 2012 · N9119U · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flight control inputs and the flight instructor's delayed remedial action during the attempted go-around, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB DCA12CA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA12CA088.md): Airbus Industrie A320-212 · Minneapolis, MN · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 11, 2012 · N352NW · No damage
  > Inadvertent encounter with convective turbulence while in descent.
- [NTSB ERA12CA389](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA389.md): Buckeye Breeze · Lower Burrell, PA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 10, 2012 · N786DS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control of the powered parachute, which resulted in a collision with trees during final approach. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of flight training.
- [NTSB ERA12FA387](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12FA387.md): Phillips William L Challenger · Plant City, FL · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 9, 2012 · N2571T · Substantial damage
  > The non-certificated pilot’s loss of control during approach and landing. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s lack of both total and recent flight experience.
- [NTSB CEN12LA346](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12LA346.md): Beech 77 · Clark, SD · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 7, 2012 · N18012 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s improper fuel management, which led to fuel exhaustion, and his failure to maintain adequate airspeed resulting in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB CEN12FA321](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12FA321.md): Bell 206-L4 · (Gulf of Mexico) · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 28, 2012 · N7077F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain clearance from an obstacle while landing on an obstructed helipad, which resulted in a collision and loss of control. Contributing to the accident was the failure of the helipad owner to mark the helipad closed and the failure…
- [NTSB CEN12FA320](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12FA320.md): Tackabury Air-Cam · Fort Morgan, CO · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 28, 2012 · N788RJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane while performing a go-around, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB ERA12LA368](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12LA368.md): Schweizer 269C · Piney Flats, TN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 24, 2012 · N760DA · Substantial damage
  > The mechanic’s improper maintenance of the main transmission aft pinion nut and belt drive system, which resulted in the uncoupling of the tail rotor driveshaft and the subsequent loss of helicopter control.
- [NTSB WPR12LA225](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR12LA225.md): Waggonner Excalibur · Buhl, ID · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 22, 2012 · N165AW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane while on final approach, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.
- [NTSB CEN12FA311](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN12FA311.md): Cessna T210L · Boyd, TX · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 21, 2012 · N29112 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s delayed initiation of a go-around and early retraction of the flaps during the maneuver, which resulted in a collision with trees.
- [NTSB ERA12WA372](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12WA372.md): Cessna 182 · Veronica, Argentina · Accident · 1 fatal · Foreign investigation · May 19, 2012 · LV-GTF · Substantial damage
  > On May 19, 2012, about 2140 universal coordinated time, a Cessna 182C, Argentina registration LV-GTF, was substantially damaged when it impacted terrain during a missed approach at Veronica Airfield, Veronica, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The foreign certificated…
- [NTSB ERA12CA357](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA12CA357.md): Hughes TH-55 · Pittsfield, PA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 19, 2012 · N74914 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain helicopter control during an encounter with loss of tail rotor effectiveness.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=51

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=50

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.