# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 76 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB CHI06CA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA118.md): Cessna T210L · Henryville, IN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 21, 2006 · N732AN · Substantial damage
  > The pilot selected an empty fuel tank during the approach which resulted in fuel starvation and subsequent loss of engine power. A factor associated with the accident were the trees that the airplane contacted during the forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX06CA143](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06CA143.md): Cessna 152 · Merced, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 20, 2006 · N757GF · Substantial damage
  > the failure of the student and certified flight instructor to maintain directional control and obtain/maintain an adequate airspeed during the attempted go-around. The flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight was also causal.
- [NTSB SEA06LA077](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA06LA077.md): Cessna 170B · Clark Fork, ID · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 17, 2006 · N2288D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control during a go-around. A quartering tailwind was a factor.
- [NTSB SEA06LA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA06LA074.md): Central Copters Lancair IV-P · Belgrade, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 15, 2006 · N671 · Destroyed
  > The total loss of drive power to the aircraft's propeller while on a visual final approach, due to the decoupling of the quill shaft between the reduction gearbox and the engine power section. Factors include a dark night, no suitable terrain on which to…
- [NTSB NYC06CA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06CA098.md): Cessna 310Q · Finleyville, PA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 15, 2006 · N93AC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged distance/speed during final approach, which resulted in an undershoot and hard landing.
- [NTSB MIA06CA083](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06CA083.md): Cessna 172M · Vero Beach, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 7, 2006 · N64425 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control while executing a go-around in gusty conditions which resulted in the airplane veering off the runway, colliding with a ditch and nosing over.
- [NTSB DFW06LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW06LA097.md): Rocket Flyers Turbine Legend · Hammond, LA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 7, 2006 · N724TL · Substantial damage
  > The reported loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB ATL06CA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06CA066.md): Flight Design Ctsw · Shelbyville, TN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 7, 2006 · N122JV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning/decision which resulted in a total loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion.
- [NTSB MIA06CA079](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06CA079.md): Mooney M20R · Destin, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 5, 2006 · N4654M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while attempting a go-around at a low altitude which resulted in an inadvertent stall/mush, an uncontrolled descent and an impact with terrain.
- [NTSB MIA06FA069](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06FA069.md): Cessna 340A · Melbourne, FL · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 23, 2006 · N37JB · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed to avoid a stall during the final approach to land. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's impairment due to the use of a sedating antihistamine.
- [NTSB DFW06CA089](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW06CA089.md): Aero Commander AC50 · Shreveport, LA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 21, 2006 · N662MW · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to execute a missed approach after losing visual contact with the runway, which resulted in a collision with approach lights. Factors were the dark night conditions and the fog.
- [NTSB ANC06LA026](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC06LA026.md): Extra Flugzeugbau 300S · Greenfield, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 21, 2006 · N124X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed during the base leg to final approach phase of a VFR landing pattern, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and an uncontrolled descent. A factor contributing to the accident was the inadvertent stall/mush.
- [NTSB NYC06CA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06CA080.md): Piper PA23-250 · Morristown, NJ · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 20, 2006 · N13878 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's premature shutdown of both engines, which resulted in a forced landing short of the runway. A factor was a landing gear malfunction indication for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ATL06CA055](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06CA055.md): Urban Air UFM-10 · Lancaster, SC · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 19, 2006 · N107NK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive climb angle during a go-around from a bounced landing which resulted in an inadvertent stall and subsequent in-flight collision with trees.
- [NTSB SEA06FA068](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA06FA068.md): Beech C99 · Butte, MT · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 2006 · N54RP · Substantial damage
  > The second pilot's failure to follow the published instrument approach procedure and the captain/PIC's inadequate supervision. Snow and mountain obscuration were factors.
- [NTSB MIA06LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06LA067.md): Cirrus SR20 · Orlando, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 18, 2006 · N777YM · Substantial damage
  > Catastrophic engine failure due to a low oil level brought about by excessive blow-by and cylinder detonation. Contributing factors in this accident were the inadequate instructions contained in Service Bulletin M89-9 and the ditch.
- [NTSB DFW06CA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW06CA084.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Cherokee City, AR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 15, 2006 · N5537F · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB NYC06FA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06FA078.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Old Bridge, NJ · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 2006 · N8446F · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper decision to conduct visual approach and landing in instrument meteorological conditions, and his failure to maintain adequate clearance from trees and terrain during the go-around. Factors in the accident were the low cloud ceiling and…
- [NTSB LAX06FA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06FA126.md): Cessna 414A · Kahului, HI · Accident · 3 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 9, 2006 · N5601C · Destroyed
  > The failure of the pilot to execute the published emergency procedures pertaining to configuring the airplane for single engine flight, which would have allowed him to maintain minimum controllable airspeed (Vmc) and level flight. The pilot's failure to…
- [NTSB LAX06CA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06CA125.md): Cessna 172N · Compton, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 7, 2006 · N739NU · Substantial damage
  > control interference by the student pilot during a go-around that resulted in an in-flight collision with power lines.
- [NTSB CHI06FA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06FA090.md): Beech J35 · Holland, MI · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 2006 · N8271D · Substantial damage
  > A lossof engine power due to fuel starvation as a result of the pilot's improper fuel system management and failure to select a tank containing fuel. A factor was the dark night conditions.
- [NTSB SEA06CA061](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA06CA061.md): Piper PA-18 · Saint Paul, OR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 5, 2006 · N1991A · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a proper glide path on final approach to landing resulting in a nose over. A factor was the loose gravel/sandy condition.
- [NTSB MIA06CA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06CA060.md): Let L13 AC Blanik · Zephyrhills, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 5, 2006 · N4413 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's encounter with downdraft.
- [NTSB MIA06LA062](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA06LA062.md): Cessna 180 · Brooksville, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 4, 2006 · N9138C · Substantial damage
  > An in-flight loss of fuel for undetermined reasons which resulted in fuel exhaustion, a forced landing and damage to the airplane during the landing.
- [NTSB CHI06CA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA091.md): Balkema Stol Aircraft · Scotts, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Mar 4, 2006 · N46365 · Destroyed
  > The in-flight loss of engine power on downwind for undetermined reasons and the post-impact ground fire that burned the airplane while it was standing.
- [NTSB ANC06LA032](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC06LA032.md): Douglas DC-3 · Beluga, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 1, 2006 · N777YA · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain altitude/clearance from trees on final approach, which resulted in an in-flight collision with trees.
- [NTSB SEA06LA057](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA06LA057.md): Mooney M20C · Cottage Grove, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 2006 · N6595U · Substantial damage
  > Fuel starvation while on approach for landing resulting in a loss of engine power, and an inadequately accomplished annual inspection. Incorrect hardware which impeded the movement of the fuel selector valve, improper fuel management and not identifying the…
- [NTSB NYC06FA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06FA072.md): Lancair LC41-550FG · Stafford, VA · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 23, 2006 · N400WX · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to execute the published missed approach. Factors included the night lighting conditions, low ceilings and fog.
- [NTSB CHI06LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06LA085.md): Wheeler Pitts Special · Fulton, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 22, 2006 · N55MW · Substantial damage
  > The altitude/clearance not obtained/maintained during landing by the pilot. Contributing factors were the trees, the embankment, the runway length, and the reduced visual lookout during the approach.
- [NTSB DFW06LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW06LA073.md): Beech V35 · San Antonio, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 2006 · N510LM · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of control while on approach to the runway. Contributing factors were the downdraft and the lack of suitable terrain for the off-airport landing.
- [NTSB CHI06LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06LA084.md): Cessna 172 · Muncie, IN · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 2006 · N75593 · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power during the final approach to land for an undetermined reason.
- [NTSB CHI06CA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06CA082.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Backus, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 20, 2006 · N1877J · Substantial damage
  > The airplane stalled as a result of the low airspeed and the instructor pilot's failure to take remedial action.
- [NTSB DFW06LA072](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW06LA072.md): Bell 222B · Gulf of Mexico (Gulf of Mexico) · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 19, 2006 · N306CH · Destroyed
  > The flight crew's failure to maintain control of the helicopter, and the crew's diverted attention to secondary tasks while preparing for the night landing. A contributing factor was the dark night conditions.
- [NTSB CHI06LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06LA080.md): Cessna 421C · Indianapolis, IN · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 2006 · N98507 · Substantial damage
  > The main landing gear malfunctioned and failed to extend during the landing approach for an undetermined reason, which resulted in a main gear up landing.
- [NTSB LAX06CA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06CA118.md): Mooney M20F · Willits, CA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 17, 2006 · N9704M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain visual contact with the runway at night, which resulted in a descent below the proper glide path and a collision with a tree. Also causal was the flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the flight.
- [NTSB DEN06LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN06LA041.md): Piper PA-30 · Greeley, CO · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 17, 2006 · N7743Y · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's flight into adverse weather conditions, the airframe ice, and the wheels up landing. Factors contributing to the accident were the icing conditions, the frozen landing gear, the frozen alternate gear extension system, and the runway sign.
- [NTSB DFW06LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DFW06LA071.md): Hodge Express · Tyler, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 2006 · N410MP · Destroyed
  > A loss of engine power for undetermined reasons. A contributing factor was the lack of suitable terrain for the forced landing.
- [NTSB LAX06LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06LA114.md): Piper PA-24-260 · Rancho Murieta, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 14, 2006 · N9212P · Substantial damage
  > an electrical fault in the nose gear limit switch circuit, which lead to an intermittent failure of the landing gear extension system. Also causal was the pilot's failure to fully complete the emergency gear extension procedure. A factor in the accident was…
- [NTSB LAX06LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06LA111.md): Beech C23 · San Jose, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 12, 2006 · N3724Z · Substantial damage
  > fuel starvation due to the pilot's improper fuel system management and failure to select the proper fuel tank. A factor was the rough, uneven terrain.
- [NTSB LAX06LA105](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06LA105.md): Hooker Zodiac 601XL · Oakdale, CA · Accident · 2 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 8, 2006 · N105RH · Destroyed
  > the structural failure of the wings for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB LAX06CA102](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06CA102.md): Cessna 182 · Black Canyon, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 4, 2006 · N5421B · Destroyed
  > the pilot's encounter with downdraft at low altitude on short final approach to land.
- [NTSB ATL06FA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06FA044.md): Beech 200 · N Myrtle Beach, SC · Accident · 6 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 4, 2006 · N266EB · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain control during landing approach for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ATL06CA043](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06CA043.md): Cessna 172P · Birmingham, AL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Feb 2, 2006 · N902NS · Substantial damage
  > An in-flight collision with a deer during a go around, which resulted in damage to the left main landing gear and subsequent collapse of the left main landing gear.
- [NTSB CHI06FA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI06FA076.md): Cessna 421B · Wheeling, IL · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 31, 2006 · N920MC · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during the landing approach which led to an inadvertent stall and subsequent uncontrolled descent and impact with the ground.
- [NTSB ATL06LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06LA039.md): Cessna T210M · Murfreesboro, TN · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 29, 2006 · N761ZV · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airplane control during a precautionary landing following a reported failure (undetermined) of the elevator trim control system.
- [NTSB OPS06IA004](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/OPS06IA004.md): EADS Socata A320 · Las Vegas, NV · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · Jan 28, 2006 · UNK · 2 aircraft · No damage
  > Deficient FAA procedures for separation of aircraft using converging runways, which failed to ensure that the tower controllers were able to provide adequate separation in the event of a go-around.
- [NTSB LAX06LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX06LA096.md): Reichel Lancair 360 · Santa Ynez, CA · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · Jan 28, 2006 · N79Y · Destroyed
  > Loss of airplane control for undetermined reasons.
- [NTSB ANC06FA018](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC06FA018.md): Aero Vodochody L-39MS · Ketchikan, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jan 25, 2006 · N104XX · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to follow published instrument landing procedures and his descent below approach minimums during an IFR circle to land approach, which resulted in the airplane striking the ocean and a loss of engine power. Factors contributing to the…
- [NTSB ATL06CA037](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL06CA037.md): Beech BE-76 · Hinesville, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 21, 2006 · N6697N · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed which resulted in an inadvertent stall and subsequent impact with trees.
- [NTSB NYC06CA060](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC06CA060.md): Cessna 305A · Seboeis, ME · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jan 20, 2006 · N5300G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from power lines, while attempting to land on a frozen lake.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=77

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=76

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.