# NTSB investigations: Approach

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 84 of 420 · 20,992 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB DEN04CA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN04CA097.md): Cessna 172E · La Junta, CO · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 4, 2004 · N3581S · Destroyed
  > the student pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control and adequate airspeed during the go-around resulting in an inadvertent stall. Contributing to the accident was the low airspeed and altitude.
- [NTSB DEN04CA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN04CA096.md): Cessna T210J · Cheyenne, WY · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jul 3, 2004 · N2KD · Substantial damage
  > the detachment of the nut and bolt that attaches the throttle control cable to the fuel induction due to improper maintenance. Contributing factors were the fiber optics wire, fence, and ditch, and the unavailability of suitable terrain on which to make a…
- [NTSB CHI04CA168](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA168.md): Peck Vans RV-4 · Palmyra, WI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 30, 2004 · N43MP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain proper airspeed resulting in the inadvertent stall during the go-around. The overload failure of the left main landing gear was a contributing factor.
- [NTSB ATL04CA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04CA144.md): Mooney M-20E · Thomasville, GA · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 30, 2004 · N77ET · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of the airspeed and distance during approach to land that resulted in an undershoot and the subsequent collision with the ground.
- [NTSB LAX04CA246](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX04CA246.md): Schweizer 1-35 · Sparks, NV · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 23, 2004 · N2874H · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudgment of altitude and distance resulting in an undershoot of the runway.
- [NTSB SEA04FA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA04FA111.md): TeST TST-10 M · Enumclaw, WA · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 21, 2004 · N410JP · Substantial damage
  > Aircraft control not maintained while maneuvering for landing. A proper glidepath was not maintained was a factor.
- [NTSB ATL04CA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04CA135.md): Piper PA-25-235 · Gulf Shores, AL · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 20, 2004 · N82451 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed that resulted in a stall and the subsequent collision with the ground.
- [NTSB NYC04LA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04LA141.md): Schleicher ASK-21 · Warren, VT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 2004 · N21VT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper pre-flight and in-flight planning, which resulted in a forced landing after experiencing a loss of thermal lift. A factor was the loss of thermal lift.
- [NTSB LAX04FA241](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX04FA241.md): Cessna 337 · Carson City, NV · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 16, 2004 · N63BB · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain an adequate airspeed while maneuvering during a go-around that led to an inadvertent stall spin.
- [NTSB ATL04LA126](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04LA126.md): Piper PA 32R-301 · Baxley, GA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 2004 · N8451E · Substantial damage
  > The mechanical malfunction of the autopilot pitch servo, and the pilot's inability to maintain adequate control pressure to manually retrim the pitch attitude.
- [NTSB ANC04FA063](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04FA063.md): Beech C-45H · Kodiak, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 14, 2004 · N401CK · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to follow proper IFR procedures by not adhering to the published missed approach procedures, which resulted in an in-flight collision with tree-covered terrain. Factors contributing to the accident were a low ceiling, fog, rain, and the…
- [NTSB LAX04CA238](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX04CA238.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Anza, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 13, 2004 · N9009J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged altitude and speed, which resulted in an undershoot and a collision with a berm. Also causal was the control interference from the passenger.
- [NTSB DEN04TA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN04TA088.md): Cessna C172P · Las Cruces, NM · Accident · Serious injuries · Final report · Jun 10, 2004 · N9474L · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to maintain clearance from terrain and the improper go-around procedure. Contributing factors include the pilot's diverted attention, improper in-flight planning and decision making, pilot fatigue, the night conditions and the mesquite…
- [NTSB CHI04CA141](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA141.md): Doerr Raymond R RV-9A · Fort Scott, KS · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 6, 2004 · N369RV · Substantial damage
  > The vapor lock of the airplane fuel system and the ditch encountered during the emergency landing..
- [NTSB SEA04LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA04LA098.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Columbus, MT · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 2004 · N82172 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft during the landing and subsequent go-around. Inadequate compensation for the gusting winds and an airport hangar were factors.
- [NTSB FTW04LA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW04LA149.md): Cessna 150 · Benton, AR · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Jun 5, 2004 · N5677E · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain airspeed resulting in an inadvertent stall during a go-around.
- [NTSB CHI04CA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA136.md): Cessna 172P · Milwaukee, WI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 4, 2004 · N50923 · Substantial damage
  > The CFI failed to maintain adequate airspeed during the go-around which resulted in an inadvertent stall.
- [NTSB CHI04CA135](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA135.md): Cessna T210L · Wichita, KS · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 4, 2004 · N59027 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate in-flight planning/decision which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the loss of engine power.
- [NTSB ATL04CA125](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04CA125.md): Taylorcraft DC-65 · Savannah, TN · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 4, 2004 · N39190 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight planning of fuel required for the flight, which resulted in fuel exhaustion, and the subsequent loss of engine power.
- [NTSB NYC04FA136](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04FA136.md): Piper PA-32-300 · Leominster, MA · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 2, 2004 · N21072 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to follow instrument flight procedures resulting in a collision with trees. A factor related to the accident was the low cloud ceiling, and dark night.
- [NTSB CHI04FA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04FA133.md): Cessna U206F · Owatonna, MN · Accident · 4 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Jun 2, 2004 · N81685 · Destroyed
  > The altitude/clearance not maintained by the pilot-in-command during a precision instrument approach. A contributing factor was the instrument meteorological conditions.
- [NTSB CHI04CA132](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA132.md): Cessna 150 · Midland, MI · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Jun 1, 2004 · N959B · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot failed to maintain control of the airplane during the go-around. A factor associated with the accident was the student's lack of experience.
- [NTSB LAX04LA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX04LA230.md): Cessna T210M · Santa Rosa, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 2004 · N121JR · Substantial damage
  > Maintenance personnel's improper installation and servicing of a retaining ring, which resulted in the failure of the landing gear door actuator and failure of the landing gear extension system during landing.
- [NTSB ATL04LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04LA123.md): Cessna 310 · N. Myrtle Beach, SC · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 30, 2004 · N361Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate preflight/planning and his in-flight decision which resulted in the loss of power in one engine due to fuel starvation.
- [NTSB NYC04FA127](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04FA127.md): Mooney M20J · Oxford, CT · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 24, 2004 · N5763W · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain altitude/clearance during an instrument approach, which resulted in a collision with trees prior to the runway. Factors were nighttime conditions and cloud cover.
- [NTSB DEN04FA074](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN04FA074.md): Piper PA-30 · Evanston, WY · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 24, 2004 · N7460Y · Destroyed
  > the pilot's failure to maintain terrain clearance. Contributing factors include snow, low ceiling, icing conditions, and the dark night.
- [NTSB NYC04CA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04CA128.md): Cameron Balloons N90 · Whately, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 23, 2004 · N6123U · Minor damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from the trees. A factor was windshear.
- [NTSB ANC04FA056](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04FA056.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Cold Bay, AK · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 22, 2004 · N4319Z · Substantial damage
  > A loss of engine power during the final approach to land for an undetermined reason, and the pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during the ensuing emergency descent, which resulted in an inadvertent stall. A factor associated with the accident was the stall.
- [NTSB ATL04FA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04FA118.md): Beech A36 · Morrisville, NC · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 17, 2004 · N4550S · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the engine for undetermined reasons resulting in the aircraft colliding with powerlines and the ground during the subsequent forced landing.
- [NTSB SEA04LA085](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA04LA085.md): Stinson SR-10E · Eliza Island, WA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 2004 · N27782 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of altitude/distance resulting in an undershoot of the runway.
- [NTSB FTW04IA128](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW04IA128.md): Lockheed 1329-23E · Houston, TX · Incident · No injuries · Incident investigation · Final report · May 15, 2004 · N57NR · Minor damage
  > The fatigue failure of the inboard left wing actuator fitting.
- [NTSB IAD04FA021](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD04FA021.md): Mitsubishi MU-2B-60 · Ferndale, MD · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 14, 2004 · N755AF · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed during a sharp turn, which resulted in an inadvertent stall and subsequent impact with terrain. Factors included the pilot's failure to fly to the intended point of landing, and his abrupt course reversal back towards…
- [NTSB NYC04CA124](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04CA124.md): Fraker Mustang II · Wauseon, OH · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 13, 2004 · N78K · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the drive coupling between the engine and the propeller speed reducer. A factor related to the accident was the pilot's inadequate preflight inspection of the drive coupling.
- [NTSB MIA04LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA04LA082.md): Beech K35 · Lake Worth, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 12, 2004 · N551PK · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for undetermined reasons which resulted in a forced landing, collision with a berm during landing rollout, and the airplane nosing over.
- [NTSB ATL04LA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04LA112.md): Piper PA-28-140 · Cortland, AL · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 11, 2004 · N7123R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of distance/altitude and his failure to maintain obstacle clearance which resulted in an undershoot and collision with trees.
- [NTSB FTW04LA123](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW04LA123.md): Diamond Aircraft Industries DA-40 · Georgetown, TX · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 9, 2004 · N89SE · 2 aircraft · Substantial damage
  > The failure of both pilot's to maintain an adequate visual lookout, which resulted in a midair collision between the two airplanes.
- [NTSB DEN04LA071](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN04LA071.md): Cessna A185E · Englewood, CO · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 8, 2004 · N185K · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate preflight planning which failed to verify an adequate fuel supply and his inadequate in-flight planning/decision which resulted in fuel exhaustion. The inadequate indication of his fuel quantity system is a contributing factor.
- [NTSB CHI04CA117](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA117.md): Piper PA-28RT-201 · DeKalb, IL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 8, 2004 · N81898 · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot and his flight instructor to identify the location of the relocated threshold and proper touchdown point, which resulted in the airplane striking the construction barricade while on approach. A factor to the accident was the…
- [NTSB CHI04CA115](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA115.md): Villeneuve RV-3 · Mayetta, KS · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 8, 2004 · N12JV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot failed to maintain airspeed and aircraft control during final approach, which resulted in a stall/mush flight condition. A factor to the accident was the crosswind and the trees.
- [NTSB MIA04CA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA04CA080.md): Beech H35 · Fort Pierce, FL · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 6, 2004 · N87AD · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to maintain the proper glide path during the approach which resulted in the airplane undershooting the runway and not attaining the proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB ATL04LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04LA111.md): Riggs Skyraider 1 · Blounts Creek, NC · Accident · 1 fatal · Limited investigation · Final report · May 6, 2004 · N321TR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain adequate airspeed which resulted in a stall. A factor was loss of engine power and water in the fuel.
- [NTSB ATL04FA107](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL04FA107.md): Mooney M20M · Cary, NC · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · May 3, 2004 · N91514 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot experienced spatial disorientation, which resulted in a loss of control and the subsequent collision with trees. Factors were low ceilings and fog.
- [NTSB SEA04CA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA04CA076.md): Mooney M-20J · Redmond, OR · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 30, 2004 · N5764K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to adequately compensate for wind conditions. Unfavorable wind was a factor.
- [NTSB NYC04CA112](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04CA112.md): Bolger Scott RV-6A · Fredericksburg, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 28, 2004 · N999SB · Substantial damage
  > The pilots failure to maintain airspeed during a precautionary landing which resulted in an undershoot and subsequent impact with terrain. A factor was the inadequate pre-flight inspection.
- [NTSB SEA04LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA04LA073.md): Hiller UH-12E · Haines, OR · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 26, 2004 · N9785C · Substantial damage
  > A momentary partial loss of power for undetermined reason(s) and the pilot's failure to maintain adequate RPM during his autorotation landing.
- [NTSB ANC04LA047](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC04LA047.md): Cessna 182 · Minto, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 25, 2004 · N2833R · Substantial damage
  > The loss of engine power for an undetermined reason, which resulted in a forced landing and an in-flight collision with trees.
- [NTSB CHI04CA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI04CA109.md): Aeronca 7AC · Flushing, MI · Accident · Serious injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 24, 2004 · N83291 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain airspeed while on final approach, resulting in an inadvertent stall at a low altitude.
- [NTSB MIA04FA076](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA04FA076.md): Cessna 177RG · Tampa, FL · Accident · 2 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 20, 2004 · N1910Q · Substantial damage
  > Improper maintenance by other maintenance personnel, and the reinstallation of an unserviced magneto during an engine overhaul, which resulted in the magneto malfunctioning, a loss of engine power, and the airplane being ditched into the water.
- [NTSB NYC04LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC04LA109.md): Piper PA-18-150 · Berkley, MA · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 2004 · N9862D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudgment of altitude/distance and his failure to maintain adequate clearance from trees while landing. Factors related to the accident were the lack runway displaced threshold markings, the trees located at the end of the runway, and the…
- [NTSB IAD04FA017](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD04FA017.md): Piper PA-24-250 · North Lima, OH · Accident · 1 fatal · Field investigation · Final report · Apr 19, 2004 · N5369P · Destroyed
  > The pilot's failure to maintain a safe altitude clearance from trees. Factors included the night lighting conditions and the pilot's diminished night vision capability.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases.md?page=85

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 500)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500/cases?page=84

---
OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.