# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 101 of 1,075 · 53,702 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ERA16LA190](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16LA190.md): Cessna R182 · Lake City, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 2016 · N9077C · Substantial damage
  > Internal failure of the main electrical contactor, which resulted in a complete loss of electrical power and an inability to extend the landing gear through normal means.
- [NTSB ERA16FA186](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16FA186.md): Piper PA28 · Homestead, FL · Accident · Serious injuries · Field investigation · Final report · May 16, 2016 · N7031R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper decision to allow the passenger to attempt a landing, which resulted in a loss of control during landing with a quartering tailwind. Contributing to the severity of the pilot's injuries was the separation of the deteriorated shoulder…
- [NTSB CEN16WA398](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16WA398.md): Cirrus SR22 · Ailly-sur-Somme, France · Accident · Serious injuries · Foreign investigation · May 16, 2016 · N19BV · Destroyed
- [NTSB CEN16LA192](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA192.md): Cessna T206H · New Roads, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 16, 2016 · N80TK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB GAA16CA233](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA233.md): Cessna 180 · St. George, UT · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 15, 2016 · C-GBLK · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in a runway excursion, ground loop, right main landing gear collapse, and substantial damage to the right wing.
- [NTSB GAA16CA256](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA256.md): Cirrus Design SR20 · South St Paul, MN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 14, 2016 · N323FT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's excessive nose high pitch attitude, which resulted in a tail strike during the landing flare.
- [NTSB GAA16CA235](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA235.md): Cessna 182P · Williamsburg, VA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 14, 2016 · N58625 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing in variable direction and gusting wind conditions, resulting in a landing off the side of the runway and impact with a drainage culvert.
- [NTSB ANC16CA027](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC16CA027.md): Cessna 180 · Wasilla, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 14, 2016 · N2423F · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing, which resulted in a collision with terrain. Contributing to the accident was the loose dirt and gravel deposited in the center of the runway.
- [NTSB WPR16LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR16LA109.md): Cessna 172RG · Las Vegas, NV · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 2016 · N6281V · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB WPR16LA108](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR16LA108.md): Cessna 180 · California City, CA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 2016 · N9370C · Substantial damage
  > A directional upset on landing due to a thermally induced atmospheric disturbance, which the pilot was unable to successfully counter due to improperly set rudder travel limits.
- [NTSB GAA16CA238](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA238.md): Waco YKS 7 · Millersburg, OH · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 13, 2016 · N17734 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control during landing in gusting wind conditions resulting in excessive brake application, and airplane nose over.
- [NTSB CEN16LA183](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA183.md): Cameron Balloons US Z-150 · Edmond, OK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 13, 2016 · N6952D · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to control the balloon’s descent rate during the landing approach, which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA16CA236](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA236.md): Piper PA 28R · Lee's Summit, MO · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 12, 2016 · N228NC · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper pitch control after the landing flare, resulting in an aerodynamic stall, hard landing, and consequent substantial left wing damage.
- [NTSB ERA16WA223](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16WA223.md): Cessna 550 · Charallave, Venezuela · Accident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · May 12, 2016 · YV589T · Substantial damage
  > On May 12, 2016, about 2330 coordinated universal time (UTC), a Cessna 550, Venezuelan registration YV589T, veered off the runway during landing roll and was substantially damaged at the Oscar Machado Zuloaga Airport (SVCS), Charallave, Venezuela. The two…
- [NTSB GAA16CA232](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA232.md): Piper PA 12 · Simsbury, CT · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 11, 2016 · N3506M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point and the airplane's subsequent impact with a fence during an attempted aborted landing.
- [NTSB GAA16CA230](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA230.md): Grenier Raymond Vans Aircraft · Keene, NH · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 11, 2016 · N220RG · Substantial damage
  > The airplane striking a deer during the landing roll, resulting in a loss of directional control, runway excursion, and subsequent nose over.
- [NTSB CEN16LA187](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA187.md): Beech B100 · Dexter, MO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 10, 2016 · N86TR · Substantial damage
  > A collapse of the right main landing gear for reasons that could not be determined because of the damage to the landing gear system.
- [NTSB GAA16CA224](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA224.md): Air Tractor AT 502 · Oberlin, KS · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 8, 2016 · N6181Q · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in runway excursion, and a ground loop.
- [NTSB GAA16CA226](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA226.md): Cessna TR182 · Bloomington, IN · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 7, 2016 · N9281R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain the airplane's descent rate resulting in a hard landing, and subsequent substantial damage to the firewall.
- [NTSB GAA16CA223](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA223.md): Cessna T206 · Jasper, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 6, 2016 · N917CF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during the landing flare, which resulted in abnormal runway contact, a nose wheel landing gear collapse, and runway excursion.
- [NTSB GAA16CA221](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA221.md): Stinson 108 · Batavia, OH · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 6, 2016 · N8068K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing, which resulted in a runway excursion. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's incorrect brake application during the runway excursion, which resulted in a nose over.
- [NTSB GAA16CA222](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA222.md): Piper PA32RT · Gainesville, GA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 5, 2016 · N4450S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an appropriate descent rate during the landing flare in gusty crosswind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing, left main landing gear collapse, and runway excursion.
- [NTSB GAA16CA214](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA214.md): Rockwell International 112TC · Durango, CO · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 4, 2016 · N513CA · Substantial damage
  > The instructed pilot's interference with the flight controls during landing, which resulted in the flight instructor's inability to maintain directional control, resulting in a runway excursion and substantial damage to the firewall and left wing spar.
- [NTSB CEN16LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA173.md): Grumman Acft ENG Cor-Schweizer G 164B · Iowa, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 4, 2016 · N8400K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control while landing with an inoperative right brake.
- [NTSB DCA16WA149](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA16WA149.md): Boeing 737 · Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia · Accident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · May 3, 2016 · EI-CXV
  > The government of Mongolia has notified the NTSB of an accident involving a BOEING 737 airplane that occurred on May 03, 2016. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist the government of Mongolia's investigation under the provisions of…
- [NTSB ANC16LA024](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC16LA024.md): Cessna 180 · Naknek, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 3, 2016 · N6479X · Substantial damage
  > The overstress fracture and subsequent separation of the left main landing gear axle due to a hard landing, which resulted in the pilot’s inability to maintain directional control of the airplane.
- [NTSB GAA16CA219](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA219.md): Cessna 172 · Mesa, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 2, 2016 · N509ND · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during the landing flare, which resulted in an abnormal runway contact, porpoise, nose gear collapse, runway excursion, and impact with terrain.
- [NTSB DCA16WA144](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA16WA144.md): Boeing 737 · Prishtina, Serbia · Incident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · May 2, 2016 · TC-JFY · No damage
  > The government of Serbia has notified the NTSB of an accident involving a BOEING 737 airplane that occurred on May 02, 2016. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist the government of Serbia's investigation under the provisions of…
- [NTSB GAA16CA225](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA225.md): Aviat A-1C-180 · Harlingen, TX · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 1, 2016 · N13BF · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll in crosswind conditions, which resulted in a ground loop and substantial damage to the right wing.
- [NTSB GAA16CA218](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA218.md): Mooney M20 · Plano, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 1, 2016 · N3386X · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the aborted landing in gusty wind conditions, which resulted in a collision with a fence.
- [NTSB GAA16CA215](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA215.md): Cessna 172 · Boise, ID · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · May 1, 2016 · N5700R · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to land with a quartering tailwind and failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in a runway excursion and ground loop.
- [NTSB CEN16LA184](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA184.md): Cessna 150F · Ponca City, OK · Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · May 1, 2016 · N8619G · Substantial damage
  > Maintenance personnel's improper installation of the elevator bolt, which resulted in a loss of elevator control during landing.
- [NTSB GAA16CA209](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA209.md): Cessna 152 · Palo Alto, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 30, 2016 · N94565 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's decision to takeoff in wind conditions that exceeded his certificated flight instructor's maximum wind endorsement, and the student pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during the touchdown, resulting in abnormal runway contact, and…
- [NTSB ERA16LA177](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16LA177.md): Maher Daniel J Velocity · Worcester, MA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 2016 · N7044Q · Substantial damage
  > The overstress failure of the nose landing gear fork assembly.
- [NTSB ERA16LA174](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16LA174.md): American Champion 7AC · Keene, NH · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 2016 · N85510 · Substantial damage
  > The disengagement of the tailwheel locking mechanism during the landing roll due to wear, and a subsequent loss of directional control. Contributing was the pilot's inadequate remedial action, which resulted in a runway excursion.
- [NTSB ERA16LA173](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16LA173.md): Universal Stinson 108 · Calverton, NY · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 2016 · N8660K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll.
- [NTSB CEN16LA189](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CEN16LA189.md): Piper PA 31P · Killeen, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 30, 2016 · N192CS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot’s failure to extend the landing gear due to his distraction with the flaps, his misinterpretation of the landing gear warning horn, and his failure to verify that the landing gear were down, which resulted in a landing with the gear retracted.
- [NTSB GAA16CA207](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA207.md): Cessna U206 · Port Alsworth, AK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 29, 2016 · N9610Z · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an appropriate descent rate during the landing flare in gusty crosswind conditions, which resulted in a hard landing, aerodynamic stall, impact with terrain, nose gear collapse, and nose over.
- [NTSB GAA16CA211](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA211.md): Cessna 152 · Hayward, CA · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 28, 2016 · N6427Q · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's high descent rate during the landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing, nose landing gear collapse, and runway excursion during an aborted landing.
- [NTSB DCA16WA155](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA16WA155.md): Embraer ERJ190 · Cuenca, Ecuador · Accident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · Apr 28, 2016 · HC-COX · Substantial damage
  > The Ecuador Direccion General de Aviacion Civil (DGAC) has notified the NTSB of an accident involving an Embraer E-190 that occurred on April 28, 2016. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist the DGAC investigation under the…
- [NTSB GAA16CA208](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA208.md): Cessna 172 · Durant, OK · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 27, 2016 · N35387 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot candidate's incorrect action performance by pulling the throttle off early and the subsequent failure to maintain the descent rate, resulting in a hard landing.
- [NTSB GAA16CA203](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA203.md): Luscombe 8 · Maryville, MO · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 26, 2016 · N71796 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's unintentional brake application during the landing roll, which resulted in a nose over.
- [NTSB GAA16CA200](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA200.md): Grumman Acft ENG Cor-Schweizer G 164 · Madison, KS · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 25, 2016 · N8872H · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's incorrect brake application during the landing roll, which resulted in a nose over.
- [NTSB GAA16CA210](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA210.md): Piper PA18S · Talkeetna, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 24, 2016 · N247T · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain pitch control during the landing roll, which resulted in a nose over.
- [NTSB ERA16LA181](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16LA181.md): Maule M 7-235B · Littleton, NC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Apr 24, 2016 · N367FS · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing and subsequent damage to the left float.
- [NTSB DCA16WA142](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA16WA142.md): Boeing 767 · Frankfurt, Germany · Incident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · Apr 24, 2016 · P4-KEB
  > The German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation (BFU) has notified the NTSB of an incident involving a BOEING 767 that occurred on April 24, 2016. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist the BFU's investigation under the…
- [NTSB GAA16CA239](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA239.md): Logan Jerry L GN 1 Aircamper · Defuniak Springs, FL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 23, 2016 · N437PT · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control during the landing in gusting crosswind conditions resulting in a runway excursion, and the pilot's failure to attain a positive climb rate during the aborted landing and subsequent ground collision.
- [NTSB ERA16CA178](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ERA16CA178.md): Champion 7AC · Jasper, AL · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 23, 2016 · N82463 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the wind which resulted in a loss of directional control at touchdown and collapse of the landing gear.
- [NTSB DCA16WA244](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DCA16WA244.md): Boeing 737 · Apia, Antarctica · Incident · No injuries · Foreign investigation · Apr 23, 2016 · VH-YIW · Minor damage
  > The government of American Samoa has notified the NTSB of an accident involving a BOEING 737 airplane that occurred on April 23, 2016. The NTSB has appointed a U.S. Accredited Representative to assist the government of American Samoa's investigation under the…
- [NTSB GAA16CA251](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/GAA16CA251.md): Cirrus SR22 · Church Hill, MD · Accident · No injuries · Data collection · Final report · Apr 21, 2016 · N27ML · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's decision to land on an unlighted grass airstrip at night, resulting in landing long, a loss of directional control, and collapsed landing gear producing substantial damage to the landing gear attachment point and left wing.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=102

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=101

---
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