# NTSB investigations: Landing

NTSB aviation accident and incident investigations since 1962: the probable cause, findings, aircraft, crew, weather and docket of each, linked to the FAA registry and the FAA’s own reports.

Page 272 of 1,075 · 53,703 cases

## Cases, newest first

- [NTSB ANC99LA036](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA036.md): Eurocopter AS-350-B2 · Girdwood, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 17, 1999 · N197EH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged flare while landing. Factors associated with the accident were whiteout conditions, and snow-covered terrain.
- [NTSB MIA99LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA106.md): Beech 58 · St Croix · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1999 · N6CH · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear.
- [NTSB ANC99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA035.md): Champion 7GCBC · Healy, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 16, 1999 · N9023L · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate recovery from a bounced landing. A factor associated with the accident was a snowbank.
- [NTSB FTW99LA111](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA111.md): Cessna 182Q · Galveston, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 15, 1999 · N7608S · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's delayed landing flare of the aircraft. Factors were the excessive airspeed and the pilot's lack of experience in the make and model of aircraft.
- [NTSB DEN99LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA052.md): Piper PA-18 · Leadville, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 14, 1999 · N90995 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the gusty crosswind conditions. A factor was the gusting crosswind
- [NTSB ATL99LA052](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ATL99LA052.md): Piper PA-46-350P · Laurens, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 14, 1999 · N345RP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's disregard for current wind conditions and his failure to maintain directional control during landing. Factors were the tailwind and wet runway surface.
- [NTSB NYC99LA075](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA075.md): Socata TBM 700 · Winchester, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1999 · N700SP · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to extend the landing gear before landing on the runway.
- [NTSB LAX99LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA118.md): Cessna 305A · Coalinga, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 13, 1999 · N5188G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind condition and failure to maintain directional control of the airplane.
- [NTSB SEA99LA042](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA042.md): Cessna 182R · Hailey, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 11, 1999 · N1622E · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain aircraft control after touchdown. Factors contributing to the accident were a snow bank along the runway edge and a crosswind.
- [NTSB CHI99LA103](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA103.md): Cessna 172R · Battle Creek, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1999 · N983AV · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper flare and failure to maintain directional control. Related factors were the snowbank and lack of total experience.
- [NTSB CHI99LA091](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA091.md): Cessna 172R · Battle Creek, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 10, 1999 · N989AV · Substantial damage
  > the loss of directional control by the pilot. Factors to the accident were the lack of total experience of the pilot, the snow covered runway condition, the snowbank, and the flight instructor not verifying the runway snow removal with the Duty Instructor…
- [NTSB CHI99LA106](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA106.md): Cessna 170B · Grand Ledge, MI · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 8, 1999 · N432W · Substantial damage
  > the flight instructor's failure to successfully take remedial action to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll out. Factors were the crosswinds and snowbank.
- [NTSB LAX99LA114](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA114.md): Cessna 180F · Inyokern, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1999 · N345RC · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate compensation for the variable and gusting winds during a wheel landing, which led to a loss of directional control.
- [NTSB CHI99LA104](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA104.md): Cessna 172P · Plainfield, IL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1999 · N65192 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's inadequate directional control during landing roll. A factor was the snow bank.
- [NTSB ANC99LA031](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99LA031.md): Piper PA-12 · Big Lake, AK · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 7, 1999 · N4040M · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's selection of unsuitable terrain for landing the wheel equipped airplane. A factor associated with the accident was the soft snow covering the frozen lake.
- [NTSB MIA99LA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA101.md): Cessna 177 · Lantana, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1999 · N2890X · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare, resulting in a hard landing, and subsequent impact with the runway.
- [NTSB FTW99LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA090.md): Cessna 172N · Orange, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 6, 1999 · N5803E · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during landing touchdown. A factor was the muddy drainage ditch.
- [NTSB SEA99LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA039.md): Cessna TU206G · Cascade, ID · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1999 · N756AV · Substantial damage
  > Unsuitable terrain for landing was selected. Snow covered airstrip was a factor.
- [NTSB MIA99LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA098.md): Piper PA-60-601P · Statesville, NC · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Mar 3, 1999 · N727MB · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's failure to attain the proper touchdown point on the runway. Factors in this accident were excessive approach speed, rain, and a wet runway.
- [NTSB MIA99LA096](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA096.md): Piper PA-23-250 · Stuart, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1999 · N2313Z · Substantial damage
  > The inadequate touchdown resulting in a hard landing on the nose landing gear and subsequent structural damage.
- [NTSB FTW99LA087](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA087.md): Monocoupe 90A · Fort Worth, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1999 · N11760 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in an inadvertent ground loop/swerve. A factor was the crosswind.
- [NTSB DEN99LA044](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA044.md): Parsons Kitfox II · Colorado Spgs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 28, 1999 · N740GP · Substantial damage
  > The airplane's encounter with a dust devil during landing.
- [NTSB NYC99LA070](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA070.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Myerstown, PA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1999 · N8923J · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's improper flare which resulted in a hard landing.
- [NTSB NYC99LA067](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA067.md): Cessna 152 · Sublett, KY · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 27, 1999 · N25856 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's improper decision to continue the flight with a perceived excessive fuel consumption, and delaying his decision to execute a precautionary until night, which resulted in the airplane impacting wires. Factors in the accident were the pilot's lack…
- [NTSB NYC99LA066](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA066.md): Cessna 172N · Berlin, NJ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1999 · N737MJ · Substantial damage
  > The pilot in command's failure to obtain the proper touch down point on the runway, and failure to perform a go-around. A factor relating to the accident was a sudden wind shift.
- [NTSB LAX99LA110](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA110.md): Helio Jergins H 800 · Prescott, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1999 · N666X · Substantial damage
  > The malfunction of the propeller for undetermined reasons at an altitude too low for the pilot to take effective remedial action.
- [NTSB LAX99LA109](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA109.md): Cessna 172P · Death Valley, CA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 26, 1999 · N99269 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's use of an excessive approach reference speed and his misjudged distance/speed relationship to the runway, which resulted in a landing overrun. The pilot's failure to execute a timely go-around was also causal.
- [NTSB MIA99LA092](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA092.md): Cessna 152 · Melbourne, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 25, 1999 · N49407 · Substantial damage
  > The student pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll. A related factor was the pilot's diverted attention.
- [NTSB ANC99TA029](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/ANC99TA029.md): Bell 206L-1 · Barrow, AK · Accident · Minor injuries · Final report · Feb 24, 1999 · N785SR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's misjudged flare while landing. Factors associated with the accident were whiteout conditions, and the snow-covered terrain.
- [NTSB MIA99LA090](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA090.md): Cessna 172P · Pelion, SC · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 21, 1999 · N65770 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's loss of directional control during landing roll as a result of improper recovery from a bounced landing and the subsequent excursion from the runway, collision with the adjacent terrain, and collapse of the nose landing gear.
- [NTSB SEA99LA035](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA035.md): Cessna 150L · Hillsboro, OR · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1999 · N16058 · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. A related factor was the crosswind condition.
- [NTSB FTW99LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA084.md): Beech BE-76 · Mesquite, TX · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 20, 1999 · N3819D · Substantial damage
  > The flight instructor's inadequate supervision of the multi-engine rated instrument student during a simulated single engine landing, resulting in loss of control of the airplane. Factors were the dark night light condition, the flight instructor's inadequate…
- [NTSB CHI99LA093](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA093.md): Mitsubishi 300 · Columbus, NE · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 18, 1999 · N110DS · Substantial damage
  > the pilot-in-command failed to attain the proper touchdown point during the landing. Factors associated with the accident were the rough, snow covered terrain encountered off the end of the runway, and the low ceiling at the time of the landing.
- [NTSB LAX99FA101](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99FA101.md): Grumman G-1159 · Van Nuys, CA · Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1999 · N711TE · Substantial damage
  > The pilot performed inadequate in flight planning and decided to continue the approach and landing with excessive airspeed. The pilot failed to follow company directives, which required a go around under the encountered flight conditions. This led to a long…
- [NTSB DEN99LA041](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA041.md): Piper PA-28-180 · Colorado Sprngs, CO · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1999 · N8804J · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft during landing touchdown. A factor was the sign.
- [NTSB DEN99LA039](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN99LA039.md): Cessna 172N · West Jordan, UT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 16, 1999 · N734BE · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the aircraft. Factors were his lack of recent flight experience, and his lack of experience in the make and model of aircraft.
- [NTSB SEA99LA033](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA033.md): Robinson R-22 · Seattle, WA · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 15, 1999 · N8362Q · Substantial damage
  > The dual student's improper touchdown while drifting during a practice autorotation. Contributing to the accident was the flight instructor (CFI) inadequate remedial action.
- [NTSB LAX99LA133](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA133.md): Maule M-4-220C · Prescott, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 15, 1999 · N2077U · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's inadequate compensation for the crosswind condition, which led to a loss of directional control and an inadvertent ground loop.
- [NTSB LAX99LA097](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA097.md): Cessna 414 · Phoenix, AZ · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 15, 1999 · N1557T · Substantial damage
  > The overload failure of the left main gear locking mechanism due to improper system rigging by maintenance personnel.
- [NTSB MIA99LA084](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA084.md): Cessna 172K · Marathon, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 14, 1999 · N75RR · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper use of elevator control while landing in gusty winds resulting in the aircraft nosing down and the propeller and wing contacting the runway.
- [NTSB IAD99LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/IAD99LA073.md): Monocoupe 110 · Limington, ME · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 14, 1999 · N10730 · Substantial damage
  > Pilot's failure to maintain directional control during the landing rollout.
- [NTSB FTW99LA082](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA082.md): Cessna 150M · Baton Rouge, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 14, 1999 · N6405K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain an adequate approach airspeed which resulted in a excessive descent rate and hard landing and the pilot's failure to recover from a bounced landing. A factor was the pilot's lack of total experience.
- [NTSB SEA99LA034](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA034.md): Cessna 182A · Conner, MT · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1999 · N3753D · Substantial damage
  > The pilots delayed remedial action during an aborted landing. Factors include a slush-covered runway.
- [NTSB LAX99LA098](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/LAX99LA098.md): Maule M-7-235 · Boulder City, NV · Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1999 · N747CL · Substantial damage
  > The failure of the pilot-in-command to properly position the floatplane landing gear for a water landing and failure to verify the landing gear position resulting in an inadvertent wheels down landing on water.
- [NTSB FTW99LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA081.md): Cessna 188 · Alexandria, LA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 13, 1999 · N8295G · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's failure to maintain directional control of the airplane during the landing roll resulting in an inadvertent ground loop.
- [NTSB MIA99LA080](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA080.md): Cessna 172P · Cleveland, MS · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1999 · N6089K · Substantial damage
  > The pilot's improper recovery from a bounced landing, resulting in a blown nose tire, loss of directional control, and subsequent collision with terrain.
- [NTSB MIA99LA078](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/MIA99LA078.md): Piper PA-34-200T · Sanford, FL · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 10, 1999 · N39531 · Substantial damage
  > the pilot misjudged the flare resulting in a hard landing and damage to the airplane.
- [NTSB FTW99LA073](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/FTW99LA073.md): Piper PA-24-250 · Denton, TX · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 7, 1999 · N112WS · Substantial damage
  > The hard landing as a result of the pilot's failure to maintain the proper descent rate during the landing flare.
- [NTSB NYC99LA054](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/NYC99LA054.md): Cessna 150 · Burnt Chimney, VA · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 6, 1999 · N19186 · Destroyed
  > The pilot's decision to land on a short runway with a strong tailwind, and his failure to obtain a proper touchdown point.
- [NTSB CHI99LA088](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/CHI99LA088.md): Cessna 150G · Hillman, MI · Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report · Feb 6, 1999 · N3332J · Substantial damage
  > the pilot's misjudging crosswinds during landing roll. Factors were crosswinds and a snow and ice covered runway, and the snowbank.

Next page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases.md?page=273

## The whole list in SQL

Runs in DuckDB 1.2 or later on the release's Parquet files over HTTPS:

```sql
WITH phase_names(main, name) AS (VALUES (100, 'Prior to flight'), (150, 'Standing'), (200, 'Pushback/towing'), (250, 'Taxi'), (300, 'Takeoff'), (350, 'Initial climb'), (400, 'Enroute'), (450, 'Maneuvering'), (500, 'Approach'), (550, 'Landing'), (600, 'Emergency descent'), (650, 'Uncontrolled descent'), (700, 'Post-impact'), (750, 'After landing'), (800, 'Other'), (990, 'Unknown')),
  crosswalk(code, main, name) AS (VALUES (500, 150, 'Standing'), (501, 150, 'Standing - pre-flight'), (502, 150, 'Standing - starting engine(s)'), (503, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) operating'), (504, 150, 'Standing - engine(s) not operating'), (505, 150, 'Standing - idling rotors'), (510, 250, 'Taxi'), (511, 200, 'Taxi - pushback/tow'), (512, 250, 'Taxi - to takeoff'), (513, 250, 'Taxi - from landing'), (514, 250, 'Taxi - aerial'), (520, 300, 'Takeoff'), (521, 300, 'Takeoff - roll/run'), (522, 350, 'Takeoff - initial climb'), (523, 300, 'Takeoff - aborted'), (530, 400, 'Climb'), (531, 400, 'Climb - to cruise'), (540, 400, 'Cruise'), (541, 400, 'Cruise - normal'), (542, 400, 'Maneuvering - holding (IFR)'), (550, 400, 'Descent'), (551, 400, 'Descent - normal'), (552, 600, 'Descent - emergency'), (553, 650, 'Descent - uncontrolled'), (560, 500, 'Approach'), (561, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - downwind'), (562, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base turn'), (563, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - base leg/base to final'), (564, 500, 'Approach - VFR pattern - final approach'), (565, 500, 'Go-around (VFR)'), (566, 500, 'Approach - IAF to FAF/outer marker (IFR)'), (567, 500, 'Approach - FAF/outer marker to threshold (IFR)'), (568, 500, 'Circling (IFR)'), (569, 500, 'Missed approach (IFR)'), (570, 550, 'Landing'), (571, 550, 'Landing - flare/touchdown'), (572, 550, 'Landing - roll'), (573, 550, 'Landing - aborted'), (574, 550, 'Emergency landing'), (575, 550, 'Emergency landing after takeoff'), (576, 600, 'Emergency descent/landing'), (580, 450, 'Maneuvering'), (581, 450, 'Maneuvering - aerial application'), (582, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to reverse direction'), (583, 450, 'Maneuvering - turn to landing area (emergency)'), (590, 450, 'Hover'), (591, 450, 'Hover - in ground effect'), (592, 450, 'Hover - out of ground effect'), (600, 800, 'Other'), (610, 990, 'Unknown')),
  current_codes AS (
    SELECT e.case_mkey, TRY_CAST(e."tier1Number" AS INTEGER) AS code,
      row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY e.case_mkey ORDER BY coalesce(e."isDefiningEvent", false) DESC, e.position) AS n
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_events.parquet' e
    WHERE e.aircrafts_position = 1 AND e."tier1Number" GLOB '[1-9][0-9]*'
      AND (e."isDefiningEvent" OR e.case_mkey IN (SELECT "mKey" FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' WHERE "isPre1982"))
  ),
  phases AS (
    SELECT case_mkey, 'current' AS scheme, code, CASE WHEN code >= 990 THEN 990 ELSE code // 50 * 50 END AS main
    FROM current_codes WHERE n = 1
    UNION ALL
    SELECT o.case_mkey, 'older', o."phaseOfFlightCode", w.main
    FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_occurrences.parquet' o JOIN crosswalk w ON w.code = o."phaseOfFlightCode"
    WHERE o.aircrafts_position = 1 AND o."occurrenceNumber" = 1 AND o.case_mkey NOT IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM current_codes)
  ),
  case_phases AS (
    SELECT p.*, c."eventDate", c."highestInjuryLevel" = 'Fatal' AS fatal, a.aircraft_model_code
    FROM phases p JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c ON c."mKey" = p.case_mkey
    LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = p.case_mkey AND a.position = 1
    WHERE c."eventDate" >= DATE '1962-01-01' AND p.main IN (SELECT main FROM phase_names)
  )
SELECT c."ntsbNumber", c."eventDate", c."eventType", c."eventCity", c."eventStateOrRegion", a.n_number, a."aircraftMake", a."aircraftModel", c."highestInjuryLevel", c."totalFatal", c."completionStatus", c.report_url
FROM 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_case_detail.parquet' c LEFT JOIN 'https://openairdocs.org/data/latest/ntsb_aircrafts.parquet' a ON a.case_mkey = c."mKey" AND a.position = 1
WHERE c."mKey" IN (SELECT case_mkey FROM case_phases WHERE main = 550)
ORDER BY c."eventDate" DESC, c."ntsbNumber" DESC
```

This list as a web page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550/cases?page=272

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